英語(yǔ)詞類-句類市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課金獎(jiǎng)名師賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

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BasicSentenceElementsSentencepatternsBasicClauseTypesDrilling英語(yǔ)詞類句子成份句子類型句子種類鞏固練習(xí)1/30PartofSpeech

英語(yǔ)詞類

廣東專插本考試網(wǎng)

2/30

1名詞：nouns(n.)表示人或者事物名稱。e.g.studentbook2動(dòng)詞：verbs(v.)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，通常做謂語(yǔ)。e.g.readknow

3形容詞：adjectives(adj.)表人或事物特征，修飾名詞或代詞。

e.g.big,dangerous4副詞：adverbs(adv./ad.)表示動(dòng)作特征或者性狀特征，修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞。e.g.carefully,very3/305數(shù)詞：numerals(num.)表數(shù)目或次序。能夠分為序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfourfourthfivefifthsixsixthsevenseventheighteighthnineninthtententhtwelvetwelfth

twentytwentiethtwenty-onetwenty-first

ninetyninetiethonehundredonehundredth

4/306代詞：（pronouns(pron.)代替名詞，數(shù)詞等。e.g.they,many注意代詞主格和賓格形式主格賓格全部格全部格（做主語(yǔ)）（做賓語(yǔ)）（adj.）（n.）Imemymineweusourouryouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitstheythemtheirtheirs5/307冠詞:articles(art.)用在名詞前幫助說(shuō)明其意義。e.g.a,an表示不定指;the表示定指8介詞：prepositions(prep.)用在代詞，名詞等前面，說(shuō)明它與別詞之間關(guān)系。e.g.forfromon9連詞：conjunctions(conj.)用在連接詞與詞或者句與句。e.g.andifbut10感嘆詞：interjections(interj.)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)感情或口氣。e.g.ohah6/30

I

leftthedelicious

meat

onthetable

and

thedoghaseaten

it

quickly.7/30句子成份（BasicSentenceElements）句子成份:組成一個(gè)句子各個(gè)功效不一樣部分句子成份有:主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等

e.g.Thechildcried.Iloveyou.Iamastudent.8/30主語(yǔ)句子主體,謂語(yǔ)陳說(shuō)對(duì)象.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)表語(yǔ)位于連系動(dòng)詞后面，表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)、特征和身份等賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作承受者，帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)之分定語(yǔ)用于修辭名、代詞，主要由形容詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)用于修辭動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它狀語(yǔ)或全句。普通由副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)意義或特征，有主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之分9/301.主語(yǔ)(subject):句子主體,謂語(yǔ)陳說(shuō)對(duì)象.主語(yǔ)可由名、代、數(shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng).

Sheiswritingaletter.

Thepalaceflowersputforththeirblossomsinsilentneglect.

WhethershewillsupportClintoninthescandalisstillaquestion.2.謂語(yǔ)(predicate)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng).如:Thebirdshaveflownawayfromeveryhill.Afishermanangledsilentlyintherivercoveredwithsnow.10/303.表語(yǔ)(predicative):位于連系動(dòng)詞后面，表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)、特征和身份等，主要由名、代、形容、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、從句等充當(dāng).如：SheisabeautifulgirlThehospitalissmall.4.賓語(yǔ)（object):表示動(dòng)作承受者，賓語(yǔ)能夠由名、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng)。在一些句子中一些及物動(dòng)詞能夠帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)；這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)普通有一個(gè)是表示物名詞或代詞（稱為直接賓語(yǔ)）；另一個(gè)是表示人名詞或代詞（稱為間接賓語(yǔ)）。如：Sheshowedmethephoto.11/305.定語(yǔ)(attribute):用于修辭名、代詞。主要由名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、從句等充當(dāng)。如：HerhouseisverysmallEveryoneinthehospitalworkshard6.狀語(yǔ)（adverbial):用于修辭動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它狀語(yǔ)或全句。它常由副詞、不定式、分詞、從句等。如：Shegoestoschoolveryearly.HeleftforBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement):用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)意義或特征，所以有了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之分。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如：Theirwallswerepaintedpink.ShetoldherhusbandtomeetheratthestationHiswordsmakemecomfortable12/308.同位語(yǔ)（appositive):用于對(duì)前面名詞或代詞作深入說(shuō)明，通常說(shuō)明其身份、稱呼等，也能夠?qū)σ粋€(gè)抽象名詞作詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，表明其內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)可由名詞代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng)。如：Theirtask,planting500trees,wasfinishedintime.ThisismybrotherBorisYeltsin.9.獨(dú)立成份：獨(dú)立成份與句中其它成份沒(méi)什么聯(lián)絡(luò)，慣用逗號(hào)與其它部分分開。獨(dú)立成份有插入語(yǔ)（parenthesis)、呼語(yǔ)(vocative)、感嘆語(yǔ)(exclamation)等。如：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethefilmatall.Sitdown,Mary.Alas,ournationalfootballteamfailedagain.13/30基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns)1.SV(S:subject,V:verb)(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)),主謂句型Thestudentshaveleft.Herunsquickly2.SVP(P:predicative)(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)),主系表句型Sheisakindperson.Hecankeepcalminanysituation.3.SVO(O:object)(主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)),主謂賓句型Iloveyou.A“passwordhacker”knowshowtosearchforsomeoneelse’spassword.14/304.SVOO(主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)),主謂賓賓句型。Hegavemeabook.Hegaveabooktome.5.SVOC(主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)C:complement),主謂賓補(bǔ)句型。Thestudentskeeptheirclassroomtidyandclean.Youcan’tpersuadehimtogiveuphisstupididea.15/30SV,SVP,SVO,SVOO,SVOCHewalksslowly.IconsiderHenrymyclosestfriendMr.LitaughtmehowtoplanttreesYesterdaywasmyfather’sbirthday.NowweallstudyEnglishseriouslyIhavemywatchmended.Haveyoutoldthemanythingaboutthematter?SV(主謂)SVOC(主謂賓補(bǔ))SVOO(主謂賓賓)SVP(主系表)SVOC(主謂賓補(bǔ))SVOC(主謂賓補(bǔ))SVOO(主謂賓賓)16/30句子種類17/30

按照說(shuō)話目標(biāo)，能夠分為四類：1）陳說(shuō)句Shemayberight.2)疑問(wèn)句Whereareyoufrom?3)祈使句Givemethebook,please.4)感嘆句Whataniceviewfromthewindow!Howsillyyouare!18/30陳說(shuō)句必定陳說(shuō)句否定陳說(shuō)句Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.19/30疑問(wèn)句1.普通疑問(wèn)句(Yes-noQuestion)2.特殊疑問(wèn)句(Wh-Question)3.選擇疑問(wèn)句(AlternativeQuestion)4.反義疑問(wèn)句(TagQuestion)20/30普通疑問(wèn)句Vs特殊疑問(wèn)句1.普通疑問(wèn)句(是非問(wèn)句,用yes,no回答)Isthereanythingwrongwithyourwatch?Hasmywatchbeenmendedyet?Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?Haven’tyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?-Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.Isn’titabeautifullake?Isn’tyoursisteraclevergirl?還能夠表示對(duì)美好事物感嘆21/302.特殊疑問(wèn)句(wh-問(wèn)句)通常以who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等詞開頭正常語(yǔ)序:Whophonedlastnight?Whoselighterfellonthefloor?Whathappenedlastnight?倒?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)序:Who(m)areyoutalkingwith?Whatdoesyourbrotherdo?Whereisheliving?Whendidheleave?22/303.選擇疑問(wèn)句1)以普通疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)AreyougoingtoelectHenryorRichard?ShallIgiveyouahand,orcanyoumanage?Wouldyouratherwaitorcomelate?2)以特殊疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?23/304.反意疑問(wèn)句Thatclockisslow,isn’tit?反意疑問(wèn)句要注意幾點(diǎn)：1）有否定詞句子，反意問(wèn)句要用必定。Johnhasneverbeenontime,

?hasJohnB.hasn’tJohnC.hasheD.hasn’the

Fewofthemknowthatsecret,dothey?Heseldomdoesmorningexercise,doeshe?

No,never,noone,none,nothing,few,little,hardly,scarcely,rarely,neither.24/302)祈使句反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分通慣用willyou.

Givemesomeadvice,will(won’t)you?用willyou能夠使祈使句語(yǔ)氣變緩解，更象一個(gè)請(qǐng)求。用won’tyou慣用來(lái)提醒某人E.g.Gohomenow,won’tyou?否定句中只能用‘willyou’Don’tspitinpublicplaces,willyou?3)let’s和letusLet’sgoswimming,shallwe?Letusgoswimming,willyou?25/304)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是everyone,everybody,someone,noone,nobody,somebody等結(jié)合詞時(shí),附加問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用he或they.Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?Noneoftheboyscandoit,canhe?Nooneisinterestedinthis,arethey?

26/305)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是everything,something,anything,nothing等表示物不定代詞時(shí),附加問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用iteg.Nothingintheworldiseasy,isit?

6)陳說(shuō)部分是I’m結(jié)構(gòu)話,附加疑問(wèn)句普通用aren’tI

I’mlate,aren’tI?27/307)陳說(shuō)句動(dòng)詞是表示愿望wish時(shí)，后面疑問(wèn)部分用mayeg.Iwishtogototheparty,mayI?8)假如陳說(shuō)句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，那么疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致；（注意：假如主句是Ithink,Ihope,Isuppose,Ibelieve時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和從句保持一致）It’sthethirdtimehehasbeenlate,isn’tit?Idon’tthinkyouareastudent,areyou?28/301.Th