高中英語：高中非謂語市公開課一等獎百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課金獎名師賽課獲獎課件

非謂語動詞

主講：曹群丹徒區(qū)教育局教研室審稿：楊志平鎮(zhèn)江市教育局教研室王明霞鎮(zhèn)江市教育局教研室

1/77學好非謂語動詞對于了解閱讀材料中結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜長句，對于寫作得高分非常有用。

不定式動名詞分詞非謂語動詞

分類2/77動詞不定式無人稱和數(shù)改變,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變。不定式3/77時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)普通式towritetobewritten進行式tobewriting

完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成進行式tohavebeenwriting

4/771.作主語側(cè)重于動作詳細性和未來性Toplaybasketball

isagreatpleasure.但為使句子平衡,慣用it代它作主語,把它移到句子后部去.Itisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.

(二)、不定式句法功效主語 賓語表語定語狀語5/772.作賓語A.跟不定式作賓語常見動詞:（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,bother.6/77B.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語動詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…tellsbwhattodo…7/773.作表語A.表示按計劃和安排將要發(fā)生事情。

HeistomarryRose.B.表示主語內(nèi)容，但側(cè)重于目標性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情態(tài)意義(應該,必須)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.Sheistoblame.8/774.不定式作定語A.普通表示將發(fā)生情況，放在名詞后。CharlesLindberghisthefirstman

toflytheAtlanticalone.(主謂關(guān)系)Shehasagoodchance

togotocollege.(同位關(guān)系)Hehasgotlotsofquestions

toask.(動賓關(guān)系)9/77注意:1.如不定式與它所修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系,而這個不定式又是不及物動詞,它后面應有必要介詞。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.2.不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作所發(fā)生地點或所使用工具時,它后面要帶上必要介詞。Ineedapen

towritewith.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.10/775.不定式作賓語補足語跟不定式作賓語補足語動詞A.let,have,make,get等表使役動詞Theymade

us

gowiththem.注意:Let/have/make

sb.do;get

sb.to

doTheygot

us

togowiththem.B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令動詞Thechairmanrequested

themembers

tobesilent.11/77C.allow,permit,forbid等表許可或禁止動詞

Theguardforbade

me

toenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望動詞(hope無此使用方法)Manyparentsexpect

theirchildren

tostudyabroad.E.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel等表感官動詞Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.注:感官動詞后不定式均不帶to

12/77F.其它動詞advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind…Pleaseremind

me

totaketheraincoat.13/776.不定式作狀語1)不定式作目標狀語Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.強調(diào)作目標狀語不定式,慣用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短語.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。14/772).不定式作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語不定式慣用于一些固定搭配中。如:too…to,enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞+astodo引導。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.15/77Practice1(09江蘇,26）SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,______reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.havinghelpedC高考點擊16/772(09全國Ⅰ)Thechildrenallturned_______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedat B.tolookatC.tolookingat D.lookatB3(09山東，22)Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holdingA17/774(09遼寧，27)______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner5.(09安徽，28)Theplay______nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedBC18/77時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone(一).動名詞語法形式動名詞無人稱和數(shù)改變,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變.二、動名詞19/77(二)、動名詞句法功效含有名詞特征,可充當成份:主語 賓語表語定語20/771.動名詞作主語Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.動名詞作主語,也可用it作形式主語.但只限于下面句型:21/771）動名詞在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。比如：

Itisnogood

writingtohim;heneveranswersletters.

Itisnouse

talkingtoomuch.

22/772）動名詞在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。比如：

Itisnice

playingchessaftersupper.

3）動名詞在“Thereis(was)no+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。比如：

Thereisno

denyingthatsheisveryefficient.

23/772.動名詞作表語動名詞作表語起名詞作用,表示主語內(nèi)容,這時動名詞和主語位置是能夠交換。Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.=Lookingafterthepatientsis

thenurse'sjob.FourskillsofEnglishlearningare

listening,speaking,readingandwriting.=listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefourskillsofEnglishlearning.注:動名詞和不定式都能夠作主語或表語,沒有太大區(qū)分。在表示經(jīng)常習慣性動作多用動名詞;在表示詳細某次動作,尤其是未來動作時,多用不定式。24/773.動名詞作定語動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾詞沒有邏輯上主謂關(guān)系.。表示名詞用途。

aracingcar=acarthatisusedtoraceaswimmingpool=apoolthatisusedtoswimin單個動名詞作定語,放在被修飾詞前;動名詞短語作定語,放在被修飾詞語后;Doyouknowthesleepingcaronshow?Theboysittingunderthetreeisreading.25/774.動名詞作賓語1）動名詞作動詞賓語①以下動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Ican’timagine

marryingagirlofthatsort.Irecommend

buyingthedictionary.Willyouadmit

havingbrokenthewindow?

26/77②有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這么用動詞短語有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,stickto,beworth,can’tstand,can’thelp.27/772）動名詞作介詞賓語注意:介詞后假如需要非謂語動詞作賓語,只能是動名詞,不可用不定式。Areyougoodat

playingfootball?其它介詞不易錯,重點是介詞to.因為不定式符號也是to,所以一定要記住相關(guān)短語。

lookforwardto,devote…to,getusedto,payattentionto,stickto,onone’swayto…這些短語中to都是介詞。Iamusedto

watchingTVintheevening.28/771.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having高考點擊Practice29/773.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost返回30/77三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.充當成份:賓語補足語,表語,定語,狀語.31/77（一）現(xiàn)在分詞32/77(1).現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞無人稱和數(shù)改變,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變.其時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變形式與動名詞相同.時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone33/77(2)、現(xiàn)在分詞句法功效含有形容詞和副詞特征,可充當成份:表語定語,賓語補足語,狀語34/771.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語起形容詞作用,說明主語特征及主語所具備動作功效。常譯為”使(令)…怎樣?！比?Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)35/772.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示主動意義,它與所修飾名詞組成主謂關(guān)系,通?？筛臑槎ㄕZ從句。它從以下兩方面來說明中心詞。

A.表示動作正在進行

Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.36/773.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作執(zhí)行者，形成邏輯上主謂關(guān)系；A.作感官動詞賓補,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在進行意義Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.37/774.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果,讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。B.作使役動詞賓補,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示”使…進行/處于(某種狀態(tài))”,強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)連續(xù)性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?38/771)作時間狀語,能夠表示三個時間概念A.表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當于“assoonas”引導時間狀語從句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…=Onhearingthegoodnews,he…

39/77B.謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在分詞動作過程中,表示”在做某事期間”相當于由when/while引導時間狀語從句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacross…40/77

C.假如分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscomposition,hebegantodohisMathshomework.2)作原因狀語,相當于由because/as引導原因狀語從句。41/77A.和謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…42/77B.假如分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.3)作條件狀語,相當于由if引導條件狀語從句

(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…

43/774)作讓步狀語,相當于由although/though引導讓步狀語從句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.44/775)作伴隨狀語(方式狀語),表示同謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當于由并列連詞連接兩個并列動作。Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.注意:只有現(xiàn)在分詞普通式才可作伴隨狀語,且常放于主句后。45/776)作結(jié)果狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞動作同謂語動詞動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.

現(xiàn)在分詞不論作何種狀語,它邏輯主語必須是句子主語,句子主語可能是分詞動作執(zhí)行者,句子主語也可能是分詞動作承受者。46/77但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度固定表示方式中,分詞短語邏輯主語和句子主語是不一致。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見有:1)generally/strickly/+speaking2)Judgingfrom…/talkingof…/allowingfor..3)Consideringthat…/seeingthat…/supposingthat…47/77注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語幾個特征。①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用普通時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式havingdone。②語態(tài)性。與句子主語之間關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。③人稱一致性。分詞邏輯主語就是句子主語。48/771.______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted（原因狀語）

高考點擊Practice49/772．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.（時間或伴隨狀語）A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.（結(jié)果狀語）A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused50/774．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.（原因狀語）A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．HavingbeenseparatedD．Tobeseparated51/77（二）過去分詞52/77(1).過去分詞語法形式過去分詞無人稱和數(shù)改變,也沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變。(done)(2)、過去分詞句法功效含有形容詞和副詞特征,可充當成份:表語定語,賓語補足語,狀語53/771.過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語,相當于一個形容詞,說明主語狀態(tài)。如，Heisgone.Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.Theyweredeeplymoved.54/77

注意:被動結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式都是be+過去分詞。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)分是:被動語態(tài)強調(diào)所發(fā)生動作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示是主語特點或狀態(tài)。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))Thecupisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))55/772.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語,它邏輯主語就是它所修飾詞,有以下三個特點:A.及物動詞過去分詞作定語和它邏輯主語關(guān)系是被動。所表示時間概念是完成。

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearcanhold1,000people=Thebuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearcan…56/77B.不及物動詞過去分詞作定語只表示動作完成。與它所修飾名詞沒有被動關(guān)系。fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen

aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredtherisensun=thesunthathasrisen

57/77C.有些表示心理活動過去分詞作定語,表面是修飾它后面名詞,但實質(zhì)是說明當事者心理狀態(tài)。所以過去分詞與它所修飾名詞沒有被動關(guān)系。Thesurprised

lookshowedthathehadn’texpectedthis.=(Hewassurprisedandhislookshowedhissurprise)58/77Thefather’sloudvoicemadeafrightenedlookappearonhisdaughter’sface.(Thefather’sdaughterwasfrightenedandherfaceshowedherfright.)59/773.過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓補,過去分詞和賓語關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系,說明賓語狀態(tài),表示動作完成。慣用來作感官動詞,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…和使役動詞如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…賓補60/77WhenIwalkedhome,Isawamancaughtbythepolice.Assoonashereturnedhome,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.Hekepthimselfcoveredwithablanket.61/774.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞可在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步,方式或伴隨情況等狀語。過去分詞不論作何種狀語,它邏輯主語必須是句子主語,而且存在著邏輯上被動關(guān)系.62/771)做時間或條件狀語,通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.=Ifthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…=Whenthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…63/772)作原因狀語Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=As/Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildren….3)作讓步狀語Seriouslywounded,hestillkeptonfighting.=Although/Thoughhewasseriouslywounded,hestillkept….64/774)作方式或伴隨情況狀語Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Hesatthere,lostinthought.=Hesatthere,andwaslostinthought.65/77

_______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.（條件狀語）

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven.2.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury（定語）

A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.writtenPractice高考點擊66/773..________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.（原因）

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.Tolose

4.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（條件）

begins

B.havingbegunC.beginning

D.begun

67/77