中國文化概況A-Glimpse-of-Chinese-Culture(修訂版)Chapter-8

1AGLIMPSEOFCHINESECULTURE中國文化概況2Chapter8CulinaryCulture3學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)了解中國飲食文化；認(rèn)識(shí)中國茶酒文化.41Lead-inActivity2Chinesediet3Discussion&PresentationOverview5Lead-inActivityWatchand&ThinkWatchthevideoclipanddiscuss:DoyouknowanythingaboutChinesetea?Whatkindofteadoyoulikebest?61Lead-inActivity2Chinesediet3

Discussion&PresentationOverview71

FeaturesofChineseFood

2

EightRegionalCuisines4

Table

Manners5

Chinese

TeaCulinaryCulture3

ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6

Chinese

Wine8FeaturesofChineseFoodColour,Aroma,andTaste

Colour:thebeautifulcolorthelayoutthedesignAroma:thefragrantsmelltheappetisingsmellTaste:tastingtheappreciationofseasoningstheappreciationoftexture9FeaturesofChineseFoodCookingMethodslocalityandclimateareimportantmethods:boiling(煮),stewing(燉，煨，燜),frying(煎),stir-frying(炒),

quick-frying(爆),deep-frying(炸),fryingandsimmering(扒)，sautéing(快煎),smoking(熏)，roastingandbarbecuing(烤)baking(烘),steaming(蒸)andscalding(白灼)，etc.10FeaturesofChineseFood

Seasoningstastemainlydependsontheseasonings.manytastes—salty(salt,soysauce),sweet(sugar,honey),sour(vinegar),fragrant(sesameoil,coriander,wine),spicy(chilli,garlic,ginger),tangy(monosodiumglutamateorMSG),bitter(driedtangerine,bitterapricotkernel),etc.11FeaturesofChineseFoodYin-yangPrincipleEachfoodhasitsowncharacteristicsofyinoryang.

Yinfoods:thin,cold,lowcalories.Boilingmakesfoodyin.Yangfoods:rich,spicy,hot,highcalories.Fryingmakesfoodyang.12FeaturesofChineseFoodMedicinalFunction

basedontraditionalChineseherbalmedicinepracticecombinesstrictlyprocessedtraditionalChinesemedicinewithtraditionalculinarymaterialsproducedeliciousfoodwithhealth-restoringfunctionsafoodtonicismuchbetterthanamedicineinfortifyingone'shealth131FeaturesofChineseFood

2EightRegionalCuisines4

Table

Manners5ChineseTeaCulinaryCulture3ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6ChineseWine14EightRegionalCuisinesdishesvaryfromregiontoregiontastesalsodifferregionallybecauseoftheclimaticdifferences“sweetinthesouth,saltyinthenorth,sourinthewestandspicyintheeast”15EightRegionalCuisinesShandongCuisinealsoknownasLucai（魯菜）emphasisonaroma,freshness,crispness,tenderness,useofminimalfatseasonings:saucepaste,onion,garlic,tastepungent16EightRegionalCuisinesSichuanCuisine

alsoknownasChuancai(川菜)spicyandflavourfulemphasisestheuseofchili,pepper,Chinesepricklyashgarlic,gingerandfermentedsoybean17EightRegionalCuisinesGuangdongCuisinealsoknownasYuecai(粵菜).fresh,crisp,tender,lightlyseasoned.roasting,stir-frying,

sautéing,deep-frying,stewingandsteaming.porridgesandsoups18EightRegionalCuisinesalsoknownasMincai（閩菜）lighttaste,sweetandsourflavour

strictlyselectedingredientsseafooddishesFujianCuisines19EightRegionalCuisinesJiangsuCuisinesalsoknownasSucai(蘇菜)distinctivestyle,characteristicallysweettasteoriginalflavourofcookingmaterialsstrictelectionofingredientsexquisiteworkmanshipelegantshapes20EightRegionalCuisinesalsoknownasZhecai(浙菜)freshness,tenderness,softness,smoothnesswithmellowfragrancecomprisesthespecialtiesofHangzhou,Ningbo,shaoxingZhejiangCuisine21AnhuiCuisineEightRegionalCuisinesalsoknownasHuicai(徽菜)elaborateselectionofcookingingredientsstrictcontrolofthecookingprocessoriginaltasteandnutritionoftheingredientsslightlyspicyandsalty22EightRegionalCuisinesalsoknownasXiangcai(湘菜)akintothechili-richSichuanCuisinedensepungentflavourchili,pepper,shallothot,sourflavour,fresharoma,greasiness,deepcolour,etcHunanCuisine231FeaturesofChineseFood

2EightRegionalCuisines4TableManners5ChineseteaCulinaryCulture3ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6ChineseWine24ChineseDelicacy–ABiteofChinaadocumentarytelevisionprogrammeproducedbyCCTVintendedtofamiliarisepeoplearoundtheworldwithChinesefoodculture,localcustoms,greatChineseheritageintroducesthehistory,storiesbehindfoodintricacyandculturaloriginshowmuchimaginationandtraditiongoesintofoodofChinagainedwidespreadpopularityathomeandabroad25ChineseDelicacy–ABiteofChinaNowwatchavideoclipofABiteofChina,anddiscusswhyitissopopular.261FeaturesofChineseFood

2EightRegionalCuisines4TableManners5ChineseTeaCulinaryCulture3ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6ChineseWine27ArrangementofSeatsTableMannersthehostpreparesadequateseatsfortheguestsSpecificseatsfortheelderlyorpeopleofhighstatus(northernsideofthetableordirectlyfacetheentrancetotheroom)“honoredsouth,humblenorth”28ToastTableMannersthehostproposeatoastsaying“Drinkingfirsttoshowrespect”toastwiththewordganbei(bottomsup)threetoastwiththeentirecompany,ratherthanoneseparatetoastforeveryindividualpresentsomeothertoasts:toasttoyourhealthtoasttoourfriendship29ServingCoursesTableMannersfromcoldtohothotentreesshouldbeservedstartingontheleftoftheseatacrossfromthemainguests.soupservednextlocalstaplesareservedlastover-orderfood30ChineseChopsticksTableMannersHostmaypickupsomedishesforgustswithhisownchopsticks(asignofpolitenessandhospitality)Holdchopsticksinthemiddle,makesuretheendsareevenDon’tstickchopsticksuprightinthericebowlDon’ttaponthebowlwithchopsticks

31ChineseChopsticksTableMannersAvoidsuckingtheendsofchopsticksorkeepingtheminmouthforalongtimeNeverpointatsomeonewithchopsticks

Don’tusechopstickstopickfood“standproperly,sitproperlyandeatproperly”

321FeaturesofChineseFood

2EightRegionalCuisines4TableManners5ChineseTeaCulinaryCulture3ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6ChineseWine33Chinesetea

TeaplaysanimportantroleinChinesepeople’sdailylifeChinaisthefirstcountrytogrow,produceanddrinkteatheartofmakinganddrinking,nowfocusesonmethodofbrewingtea,thedrinkingutensils,servingetiquette34ChineseteaFivetypes:greentea(綠茶)blacktea(紅茶)oolongtea(烏龍茶)compressedtea(磚茶:bricktea)scentedtea(花茶)SomeminortypesarewhiteteaandyellowteaTeaclassification35Teaclassification—BlackteaChineseTeafermentedbeforebakingthetealiquidandtealeavesarereddishblacktastessweetcanfacilitatethefosteringofyangenergyerasethegreasinessinthehumanbody36Teaclassification—GreenteaChineseteaunfermented,themostnaturalofalltypesofChineseteatealiquidandtealeavesaregreenishhasthemostmedicinalvalue,theleastcaffeine37ChineseTeasitshalfwaybetweengreenteaandblackteainthesensethatit'shalf-fermentedleavesaregreeninthemiddleandredontheedgesasaresultofbeingsoftenmedicinalfunctionTeaclassification—oolongtea38ChineseTeamadebycompressingsteamedtealeavesintomoldssuchasbricks,cakes,columns,etccanbestoredforyearsorevendecadesagedCompressedteahasagentleflavorTea

classification—compressedtea39ChineseTeaTeaclassification—scentedteaamixtureofflowersfinelyblendedandsealedforatimelight-to-mediumaroma,medium-to-strongaroma40Teaclassification—whiteteaChineseTeanon-fermentednon-rubbedwithnaturalfragrance.FamousvarietiesincludeSilverNeedle(白毫銀珍)andWhitePeony(白牡丹）41Teaclassification—yellowteaChineseTeayellowleavesandyellowteacolouranuncommonclassofChinesetea.mildandrefreshing42asymboloftogethernessasharingofsomethingenjoyableawayofshowingrespecttogustsaskforthepreferenceoftheguestsbeforemakingtheteathewatershouldnotbetoohot“fullcupforwineandhalfcupfortea”

ChineseTeaTeaEtiquette43ThreeCupsofTeaoftheBaiEthinicGroupChineseteathefamouscustomoftheBaiethnicgroup

greetwiththiswarmanduniqueceremonythreecupsofteaThefirstcup:madefromlocalbitterleaves;medicinal.Thesecondcup:madefromwalnuts(核桃),cheeseandsugar;sweet.Thethirdcup:madebymixingpricklyash,gingerandChinesecinnamon(肉桂)withhoneyandbittertea;pungent,withadistinctaftertaste.44ChineseteaThethreecupsofteaaresymbolicofthethreestagesofone’slifejourney:goingthroughallkindsofhardshipsexploringthejoyofliferecallingbothbitterandhappyexperiencesWhatdoes

thethreecupsofteasymbolize?451FeaturesofChineseFood

2EightRegionalCuisines4TableManners5ChineseTeaCulinaryCulture3ChineseDelicacyABiteofChina6Chinesewine46WinefeastChineseWine“Marriagewinefeasts”

“one-month-oldwinefeasts”

“Hundredth-daywinefeasts”

“Longevitywinefeasts”

“winefeastforsettingaroofbeaminplace”Peopleholddifferentwinefeastsondifferentoccasions47ChineseWineaparticularmethodinChinatohelpcreatemorejoyousatmospherewhiledrinkingusedasapenaltytourgedrinkerstodrinkmore,tocreateamorecheerfulatmosphere.formsdependondrinkers’socialstatus,literacystatus,andinterestDrinkers’wagergame48ChineseWine

Ladiesattendingbanquetsmayplaygeneralgames:tellingjokessolvingriddlespassingdownaflowertothebeatsofadrumDrinkers’WagerGameGeneralGame49ChineseWineDrinkers’WagerGameLiteraryGame

morepopularwithscholarsandintellectualscomposingpoemssolvingwordpuzzlesguessingriddles

50ChineseWineDrinkers’WagerGameCompetingGamearcheryarrowpitchingdicethrowing

(擲骰子)fingerguessing(canplayedbytwodrinkers)51ChineseWineAlcoholandBusinessalcoholplaysanintegralroleinsociallife.servestodeepenandstrengthenthebondsoffriendshipawaytorelievemisunderstandingandanimosity

AlcoholandSocialActivitiesAlcoholandartshaveagreaterimpactonChineseartistscanfreepeoplefrominhabitionsanimportantwaytounleashartisticandcreativetalents52ChineseWineAlcoholandhealthmoderatedrinkingisgoodfortheirhealth.alittlealcoholperiodicallytomaintaintheirvitalityandhealth.soaktraditionalChinesemedicineinliquortoachieveabettereffect.Inappropriateconsumptioncancausealcoholism

Alcoho