備戰(zhàn)2011年高考語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)-英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1

GrammarTo-infinitiveandbareinfinitive用戶名:xlyangRevisionAnalyzingthefollowingsentences:I

waswatching

anEnglishprogramme

at8o’clockyesterday.

↓↓↓↓thesubjectthepredicatetheobjecttheadverbialoftime

Scuba-diving

seems

exciting. ↓↓↓thesubjectthelinkverbthepredicativeTo-infinitive1.Theto-infinitiveisto+thebaseformofaverb,eg:todoandtowork.Itcanbeusedaloneoraspartofaninfinitivephrase.Theto-infinitivehasthefollowingfunctions:（1）作主語(yǔ)：Tosmokeisabadhabit.Tip1:不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。Tosmokeisabadhabit.→Itisabadhabittosmoke.Tip2:不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toreadallthesebooks

iswhatyoushoulddothisafternoon.不定式作主語(yǔ)常見句型：a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+不定式It’smydutytoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.

c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.（2）作表語(yǔ)：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語(yǔ)，用以說明主語(yǔ)所包含內(nèi)容。 Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.Tip：作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，to可以省略。eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.（3）作賓語(yǔ)Theyagreedtobuythehouseasitwas.a)可以直接用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有：agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等2005年天津卷：Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.AtosoundBtobesoundedCsoundingDtohavesoundedTip:當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)比賓補(bǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，往往將不定式放到賓補(bǔ)后，而用先行代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用動(dòng)詞有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。Doyouthinkitpossibletofinishtheworkintime?Ab)不定式一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只有少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下作介詞賓語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，如果but或except所在句子里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,does,did時(shí)，通常省略to。Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Wecandonothingbutwait.（4）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在SVOC句型中，許多動(dòng)詞都可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用于以下動(dòng)詞之后：ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.Tip:

在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe…作賓補(bǔ)，不跟todo…eg.Theybelievehimtobehonest.（5）作定語(yǔ)不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。不定式在作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。

He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主謂關(guān)系

I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位關(guān)系

Shehasameetingtoattend.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=attendameeting）

There’snothingtoworryabout.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=worryaboutnothing)2006年安徽卷：Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone______.AblamedBblamingCtoblameDtobeblamedC（6）作狀語(yǔ)不定式可以作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。①to…,inorderto…,soasto…(soasto不能放在句首)作目的狀語(yǔ)2005年遼寧卷：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingC②在so…asto,such….asto,onlyto…結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。

Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.③enoughto,too…to結(jié)構(gòu)

Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.④形容詞（happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+

不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

I’mgladtomeetyou.Thequestionisdifferenttoanswer.Heishardtogetalongwith.2.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，以it為形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如果其前的形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)就用：forsb.todosth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。ItisnecessaryformetolearnEnglishwell.

如果該形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)，同時(shí)又指行為的人，則用ofsb.todosth.。這種句式中的常用形容詞有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.3.連接代（副）詞+不定式：連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why），在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在諸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等動(dòng)詞后作賓、主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.Whentotheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.4.不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式：①不定式的進(jìn)行式由tobe+V-ing構(gòu)成，用來表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed構(gòu)成，用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。(2005年江蘇卷)

IsBobstillperforming?I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleftA③不定式的被動(dòng)式分為一般式被動(dòng)tobeV-ed和完成式被動(dòng)tohavebeenV-ed。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Summaryoftheformsoftheinfinitive:TheinfinitiveTheactiveThepassive一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneBareinfinitive

Anotherkindofinfinitiveisthebareinfinitive.Itistheinfinitivewithoutto: 1.Weusethebareinfinitiveafter: (1).letandmakeandsometimeshave

Iletherborrowmybook.Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.Theteacheroftenhashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.(2).verbsofperception:feel,hear,see,watchandnoticeIsawhertalktohernewfriends.Tip1:Verbsofperceptioncanalsobeusedwithverb-ingbutwithdifferentmeanings.Isawhertalktohernewfriends.(Iwitnessedthewholeconversation.)Isawhertalkingtohernewfriends.(WhenIsawher,shewastalkingtohernewfriends.Imightormightnothavewitnessedthewholeconversation.)Tip2:Whentheverbsofperception:feel,hear,see,watchandnoticeareusedinthepassivevoice,theobjectcomplementsarechangedintothesubjectcomplements,thetocan’tbeomitted.Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.(3).wouldrather,hadbetterandwhynot

Iwouldrathergoswimming.Youhadbettertidyyourbedroom.WhynotvisityourcousininJapan?2.Whentwoinfinitivesarejoinedbyand,or,except,but,than,ratherthan,wenormallyusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitive.

Shetoldmetobecheerfulandlookonthebrightside.Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm?WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV.Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.PracticeFinishtheexercisesonpage9LanguagePoints1.Wehadnothingtodo

butwatchTV.

我們除了看電視無事可做。非謂語(yǔ)的一種用法。but其后要接帶to不定式，但有三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)例外。donothingbut， can'tbut，cannothelp（choose）but，它們后面要接不帶to的不定式。Itwasrainingallday,sowehadnothingtodobutstayathome.下了一整天雨，我們只好待在家中。Allthematerialsranout.Theycoulddonothingbutwait.Allthematerialsranout.Theyhadnochoicebuttowait.所有的材料都用完了，他們只好等待。【考點(diǎn)考例】Therewasnothingtheycoulddo______.

A.butwaitB.exceptwaiting C.onlytowaitD.unlesstheywaited簡(jiǎn)析:donothingbutdosth，nothing前有do，后面的to要省略，故選A。答案:選A2.IamsogladthatIpersuadedyoutotalktoRachel. 我很高興說服你跟雷切爾交談。persuadevt意為“說服,勸說,(使)相信,勸某人做(不做)某事”【焦點(diǎn)拓展】persuadesbofsth 使某人信服某事persuadesb(not)todosth說服某人做(不做)某事persuadesbintodoingsth說服某人做某事persuadesboutofdoingsth說服某人不做某事persuadesbthat… 使某人信服……我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\(chéng)實(shí)的。Iamalmostpersuadedofhishonesty.誰說服你參加這個(gè)團(tuán)體?Whopersuadedyoutojointhissociety?我們使亨利相信是他錯(cuò)了。WepersuadedHarrythathewaswrong.我終于勸他戒了煙。Ifinallypersuadedhimintogivingupsmoking.【焦點(diǎn)辨析】

persuadesbtodosth;是說服,勸服某人不做某事，指說而不一定服，用advisesbtodosth

或trytopersuadesbtodosth我努力勸他戒酒，但都是徒勞。Ipersuadedhimtogiveupdrinking,butinvain. （誤）Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupdrinking,butinvain. （正）Iadvisedhimtogiveupdrinking,butinvain. （正）(1)Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople____toeatmorefruitandvegetables.

A.persuade B.will