高考英語全程考評 特訓(xùn)卷 課下天天練十六 含解析

課下天天練(十六)閱讀語言運(yùn)用組合練姓名________班級________考號________時間：45分鐘Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2022·濟(jì)南外國語模擬]JosephFrancisCharlesRock(1884－1962)wasanAustrian-Americanexplorer,botanist,andanthropologist(人類學(xué)家).Formorethan25years,hetravelledextensivelythroughTibetandYunnan,Gansu,andSichuanprovincesinChinabeforefinallyleavingin1949.In1924,HarvardsentJosephFrancisRockonatreasurehuntthroughChina'ssouthwesternprovinces—theWildWestoftheirday.Butgoldandsilverweren'thistask:Rock,adistinguishedbotanist,soughtonlytofillhisbagswithalltheseeds,saplings,andshrubshecouldfind.Duringhisthree-yearexpedition,hecollected20，000specimensfortheArnoldArboretum(阿諾德植物園).Botany,though,wasjustoneofRock'sstrengths.Asanethnologist(民族學(xué)者),hetookhundredsofphotographsoftheNaxi,atribeinYunnanProvince,recordingtheirnow-lostwayoflifeforbothHarvardandNationalGeographic,andtooknotesforaneventual500-pagedictionaryoftheirlanguage.Hishand-drawnmapofhistravelsthroughChina's“Cho-Ni”territory,intheHarvardMapCollection,includesmorethanathousandrivers,towns,andmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese,andwassowellmadethattheU．S.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWarⅡ.Scientist,linguist,cartographer,photographer,writer—Rockwasnotawallflowerinanysense.Arrogantandself-possessed,hewouldwalkintoavillageorwarlord'splace“asifheownedtheplace，”saidLisaPearson,theArboretum'sheadlibrarian.Indeclaringhissuccessfulreturnundertheheadline“SeekingStrangeFlowers,intheFarReachesoftheWorld”，theBostonEveningtranscriptranalargephotoofthedaringexplorerwearinginawoollycoatandfox-skinhat.“Indiscussinghisheroismincludinghair-raisingescapesfromdeatheitherfrommountainslides,snowslidesandrobberarmies，hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.”TheArboretumandRockpartedwaysafter1927,mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortune—about$900，000intoday'sdollars.Fortunately,manyofhisspecimens,manyofhisamazingphotos,andhisgreatstoriesremain.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Rock'sservicefortheU．Sgovernment.B．Rock'scooperationwithHarvard.C．Rock'sworkasabotanist.D．Rock'sexplorationinSouthwestChina.2．WhatcontributiondidRockmaketotheUSAbesidescollectingnewplantsandspecimens?A．HetravelledthroughsomeuncivilizedplacesinChina.B．Hishand-drawnmapwasusedinWWⅡ.C．Heshowedheroismbyescapingdifficulties.D．HemadeheadlinesinBostonEveningNews.3．HowdidRockrespondwhenpeoplementionedhisheroicdeeds?A．Excitedly.B．Proudly.C．Calmly.D．Nervously.4．WhatcausedRocktostopworkforTheArboretum?A．Thevastexpense.B．Thedangerousjourney.C．Thechallengingtasks.D．Theunknownworld.B[2022·江西六校聯(lián)考]ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(靈長目動物).Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Friendships,likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople,involvecompetition.Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同時的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutrients,livingspace,orlight—betterexplainsit.Asinnature,highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheoryofevolution,overpopulation,andcompetition.Therearelotsofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,rankingandcategorizingtakeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexistwithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstances,competitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear,causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements,butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Healthy,friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despiteallthis,withoutcompetition,wewouldbelost.5．Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howtowinthecompetition.B．Whatcompetitionexactlyis.C．Whattheresultofcompetitionis.D．Howfriendscompetewitheachother.6．Accordingtothewriter,whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?A．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.B．Afriendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.7．Whichbestdescribestherelationshipofthefriendshipandcompetition?A．Thefriendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.B．Competitionisaresultofalostfriendship.C．Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.D．Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendships.8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”？A．Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.B．Theresultofcompetitionisoutofcontrol.C．Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.D．Thefriendshipisnotasimportantascompetitionatschool.Ⅱ.七選五[2022·石家莊質(zhì)量檢測一]Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyou'renotashappyasyou'dliketobe?BasedonmyownpersonalexperienceandthehappinessfactspublishedbyHarvardUniversity,I'vesummarizedthefollowinghabitsthatwillmakeyouhappy!Laughoften.Laughteristhemostpowerfulmedicineforangerordepression.Researchhasshownthatthesimpleactofsmilingcanincreaseyourfeelingofhappiness.__1__Trytofindhumorandlaughterinlife'severydaystruggles.Keepyouragreements.Ourself-respectisbuiltontheagreementswe'vemadewithourselvesandwithothers.Andhighself-respecthasadirectrelationshipwithhappiness.__2__Doyourbestandthenletgo.Everyonehaslimitations,andthingsdon'talwaysturnouttobewhatwe'dlikethemtobe—despiteourefforts.Soalwaysgiveyourbest,andthenletgo.__3__Whenyou'vedoneyourbest,you'llhavenoregrets.Giveback.__4__AccordingtoHarvard,whenpeopledogood,theirbrainsbecomeactiveintheverysamerewardcenterthatisstimulatedwhentheyexperienceotherrewards.Soit'snotasurprisethatpeoplewhocaremoreaboutothersarehappierthanthosewhocarelessaboutothers.Thesehappinesshabitshaveproventobetrueinmyownlife.DuringthoseperiodswhenIfocusondevelopingthehabitslistedabove,Idofeelhappierandmorefulfilled—likenow.Happinessisnotanaccident.__5__A．Leteventsruntheircourse.B．Sodon'ttakelifetooseriously.C．Sodowhatyousayyou'regoingtodo.D．Whenwesucceed,we'remorelikelytobehappy.E．Thisisthebestwaytoovercomeyourlimitations.F．It'saconsciousdecisionthattakesaconsciouseffort.G．Helpingothersisoneofthesurestwaystofeelgood.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·成都市第三次診斷]WhilelookingforajobinDenmark,Albertofoundhissparetimeactivitiesanadvantage.Inhissparetime,Albertowaspleasantly__1__tofindalotofoutdoorfacilitiesinDenmark.__2__movingthere,hehadthoughtthatbecauseofthe__3__，localswouldprobably__4__spendingtimeindoors.“Iliketo__5__lifeoutdoorswithfriends:walkingintheforest,playingsportsandswimming.Weeven__6__acampingtriptothebeach.”Albertoalsoenjoys__7__traininginsparetime.__8__，heismorethanwillingtohelpothersinthegym.“Making__9__andhelpingfriendshavetaughtmehowto__10__andunderstandthe__11__ofaperson,whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeopleoranywherewhereempathy(共鳴)andattentionare__12__.Ihavealsolearnedtobecomemore__13__，sinceIhavetoobserveandthenchangeor__14__theplanbasedontheir__15__.Finally,Ihavealsolearnedhowtobeabetter__16__—Ihadtodesigntheschedulesinafunandentertainingwayto__17__people.”Albertofoundtheseexperienceshelpfulin__18__.“Nowadays,companiesarenotsofocusedoncertain__19__，butmoreinterestedingettingtoknowthepersonbehindtheCV(簡歷).Sparetimeactivitiesserveasameansforthecompanytogetabetter__20__ofemployees.”,1．A.disappointedB．a(chǎn)nxiousC．surprisedD．a(chǎn)nnoyed2．A.BeforeB．UponC．WithoutD．For3．A.traditionB．weatherC．trafficD．passion4．A.denyB．continueC．resistD．prefer5．A.enjoyB．expectC．discussD．a(chǎn)ppreciate6．A.witnessedB．neededC．didD．chose7．A.fitnessB．militaryC．professionalD．a(chǎn)cademic8．A.EventuallyB．HopefullyC．ThereforeD．Moreover9．A.interviewsB．plansC．changesD．decisions10．A.admireB．proveC．followD．detect11．A.advantagesB．imaginationsC．needsD．a(chǎn)bilities12．A.uselessB．strangeC．urgentD．necessary13．A.proudB．organizedC．excitedD．merciful14．A.supportB．recommendC．a(chǎn)daptD．make15．A.reactionB．movementC．impressionD．position16．A.classmateB．leaderC．sportsmanD．salesman17．A.distractB．interestC．a(chǎn)museD．encourage18．A.schoolingB．truth-seekingC．job-huntingD．surviving19．A.skillsB．opinionsC．personalitiesD．weaknesses20．A.sideB．halfC．pictureD．futureⅣ.語法填空[2022·太原市三模]Formanypeopleintheworld,foodwastehasbecomeahabit:buyingmorefoodthanweneedatmarkets，1．________(let)fruitandvegetablesspoilathomeortakingmorethanwecaneat.Thesehabitsputextrapressure2．________ournaturalresourcesanddamageourenvironment.Whenwewastefood,wewastesomuchlabour,effort,3．________(invest)andthepreciousresourcesthatgointoproducingit,nottomentiontheresourcesintransportingandprocessingit.Inshort,wastingfoodincreasesgreenhousegasemissionsand4．________(contribute)toclimatechange.It's5．________urgentissue.Infact,tonsoffoodislostorwasted6．________(global)everyday.Thepartoffoodthatislostfromharvestupto,butnotincluding,theretailleveliscalledfoodloss.Thepartwastedattheconsumerorretaillevel7．________(refer)toasfoodwaste.Wemakethisdistinctiontoaddressthoseroot8．________(cause)ofthisproblem,aproblemthateveryonefromfarmersandproducerstocustomerscanhelpend.Reducingfoodlossandwasteisessentialinaworld9．________millionsofpeoplegohungryeveryday.Whenwereducewaste,werespectthatfoodisnotagiven.It'suptous10．________(change)ourhabitstomakenotwastingfoodawayoflife!課下天天練（十六）閱讀語言運(yùn)用組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——人物經(jīng)歷——旅游和探險【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國探險家、植物學(xué)家和人類學(xué)家JosephFrancisCharlesRock在中國西南地區(qū)的旅游和探險經(jīng)歷。1．答案與解析：D主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段第一句“In1924,HarvardsentJosephFrancisRockonatreasurehuntthroughChina'ssouthwesternprovinces—theWildWestoftheirday.”可知，文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國探險家、植物學(xué)家和人文學(xué)家JosephFrancisCharlesRock在中國西南地區(qū)的探險經(jīng)歷。故選D。2．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Hishand-drawnmapofhistravelsthroughChina's‘Cho-Ni’territory,intheHarvardMapCollection,includesmorethanathousandrivers,townsandmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese,andwassowellmadethattheU．S.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWarⅡ.”可知，除了在收集新品種的植物和標(biāo)本上做出貢獻(xiàn)，Rock手繪的地圖也曾被用于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。故選B。3．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“‘Indiscussinghisheroismincludinghair-raisingescapesfromdeatheitherfrommountainslides,snowslidesandrobberarmies,hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.’”可知，在討論Rock的英雄事跡時，雖然他經(jīng)歷過山體滑坡、雪崩以及強(qiáng)盜（的搶劫），可他覺得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rock在人們提到自己的英雄事跡時的反應(yīng)很平靜。故選C。4．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“TheArboretumandRockpartedwaysafter1927,mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortune—about$900，000intoday'sdollars.”可知，Rock不再在植物園工作的主要原因是他旅行花費(fèi)了很多錢。故選A?！玖咙c(diǎn)句積累】Indeclaringhissuccessfulreturnundertheheadline“SeekingStrangeFlowers,intheFarReachesoftheWorld”，theBostonEveningtranscriptranalargephotoofthedaringexplorerwearinginawoollycoatandfox-skinhat.（第五段第一句）譯文：《波士頓晚報(bào)》以“在遙遠(yuǎn)的世界里尋找奇異的花朵”為題，刊登了一張這位大膽的冒險家身穿羊毛外套、頭戴狐貍皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。詞匯積累：extensivelyadv.廣大地territoryn．領(lǐng)土linguistn．語言學(xué)家arrogantadj.傲慢的B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——社會生活——競爭【語篇解讀】競爭推動了人類社會的發(fā)展，是不可或缺的，本文說明了競爭的含義，指出在高中階段競爭是不可避免的，還特別說明了如何在競爭和友誼中尋找平衡。5．答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，ecologicaldefinition所在的句子是對前一句“Itisn'tcompetition...andnoprize”的補(bǔ)充說明，進(jìn)一步說明競爭到底是什么，故選B。6．答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“Therearelotsof...categorizingtakeplace”可知，高中生數(shù)量多，為了區(qū)分他們，排名和分類就產(chǎn)生了，排名和分類就是競爭的具體形式，故選C。7．答案與解析：D考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Healthy,friendlycompetition...cantearfriendshipsapart”可知，正常合理的且友好的競爭只有好處，但當(dāng)競爭太激烈時，妒忌能使友誼分崩離析。故D項(xiàng)“競爭的程度對友誼至關(guān)重要”正確。8．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Nevertheless,bynecessity,competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生之間的競爭必然存在于高中學(xué)校生活的所有方面，故A選項(xiàng)“競爭在學(xué)校是必然會發(fā)生的”正確。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——幸福——讓人幸福的幾個習(xí)慣【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了幾個讓人幸福的習(xí)慣，包括常笑和幫助他人等。1．答案與解析：B'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“研究表明，一個簡單的微笑行為可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奮斗中努力找到幽默和笑聲”可知，B項(xiàng)“所以不要跟生活太較真”符合語境。2．答案與解析：C'考查總結(jié)句。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之間的關(guān)系。言行一致是自尊的基礎(chǔ)，而高度的自尊又與幸福有直接關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)“因此你要言出必行”符合語境。3．答案與解析：A'考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v的是“所以永遠(yuǎn)盡自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句講的是“當(dāng)你已盡了自己最大努力，你就沒有遺憾了”，因此A項(xiàng)“讓事情順其自然”符合語境。4．答案與解析：G'考查上下文銜接。本段總結(jié)句講的是關(guān)心他人更多的人比關(guān)心他人更少的人更幸福，這并不是一個令人驚訝的事，故G項(xiàng)“幫助別人是能感到快樂的最可靠的方法之一”符合語境。5．答案與解析：F'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這是一個需要有意識的努力來作出的有意識的決定”符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——做人與做事——業(yè)余生活及其對求職的影響【語篇解讀】Alberto在丹麥發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們并不是如他想象那樣因?yàn)闅夂蛟蚨幌矚g戶外活動。他幫助人們進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練并從中收獲很多。Alberto的經(jīng)歷對于他求職幫助很大，在求職中，公司不僅關(guān)注簡歷，還更關(guān)注求職者簡歷之外的生活。1．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該段下文中的“hehadthought...spendingtimeindoors”可知，丹麥當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡軙矚g室內(nèi)活動；結(jié)合該句中的“findalotofoutdoorfacilitiesinDenmark”可以判斷，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)丹麥有許多室外設(shè)施時，Alberto感到很驚訝，C選項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“hehadthought”可知，該句使用了過去完成時，結(jié)合語境可以判斷，此處表示在Alberto遷到丹麥之前，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：B考查常識推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“spendingtimeindoors”可知，丹麥人可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)；結(jié)合常識可以判斷，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動，故喜歡待在室內(nèi)。故B項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ocalswouldprobably”可知，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動，故可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)。D項(xiàng)意為“更喜歡”，故D項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“walkingintheforest,playingsportsandswimming”可知，Alberto喜歡和朋友們一起享受戶外活動：在森林里散步、運(yùn)動和游泳。A項(xiàng)意為“享受……的樂趣”，故A項(xiàng)正確。6．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“acampingtriptothebeach”并結(jié)合上句內(nèi)容可知，Alberto甚至還去海灘進(jìn)行野營旅行了。故C項(xiàng)正確?！疽族e提醒】該題容易錯選成D項(xiàng)，選錯的原因是忽略上句和該句的聯(lián)系。在這里Alberto陳述的是各種已經(jīng)發(fā)生的活動，用以說明他們喜歡戶外活動，而不是選擇。7．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。根據(jù)下句中的“heismorethanwillingtohelpothersinthegym”可知，Alberto很樂意幫助在體育館的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練。fitness意為“健壯，健康”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“軍事的”；C項(xiàng)意為“專業(yè)的”；D項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)術(shù)的”，都與語境不符。8．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。根據(jù)上句可知，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練；根據(jù)該句中的“heismorethanwillingtohelpothersinthegym”可知，此外，他還很樂意幫助在體育館的人。據(jù)此可知，兩句間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用Moreover。9．答案與解析：B考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)前文可知，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練，還非常樂意幫助在體育館的人。結(jié)合常識可知，健身訓(xùn)練需要作計(jì)劃，Alberto從作計(jì)劃和幫朋友中獲益良多。B項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，故B項(xiàng)正確。10．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeople”可知，這在他與人打交道時幫助了他；結(jié)合該句中的“understand”可以判斷，作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個人的需求。D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。11．答案與解析：C考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeople”可知，這幫助Alberto與人打交道；結(jié)合常識可以判斷，該處指作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個人的需求。故C項(xiàng)正確。12．答案與解析：D考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，在與人打交道的過程中，共鳴和關(guān)注是必要的，D項(xiàng)意為“必要的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。13．答案與解析：B考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“sinceIhavetoobserveandthenchange”和“theplan”可知，Alberto不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，他要更有效地組織人們運(yùn)動。organized意為“有效率的，有條理的”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。14．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“Ihavetoobserveandthenchangeor”和“theplan”可知，Alberto不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示改變或修改計(jì)劃；C項(xiàng)意為“使適應(yīng)，