閱讀理解閱讀技能指導

二輪復習閱讀理解閱讀技能指導之（十二）如何理清句間結(jié)構(gòu)之轉(zhuǎn)折句間的轉(zhuǎn)折處也是體現(xiàn)作者觀點和文章主題的地方，作者經(jīng)常通過先抑后揚的方法在轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后才明確提出自己的觀點。轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后的意思一般來說都是相反的，而作者會偏重其中的某一方。因此，在閱讀過程中看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞，考生最好能作上標記以方便做題時查找。一些明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞包括but,however,onthecontrary,yet句首),still(句首),asamatteroffact,infact,instead,nevertheless,while等。［高考典例1］2013-湖北卷?完形填空Thehousecame45(alive)thenextfewdays.Zigfried46(enjoyed)everysinglehourofthem.__47__，thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewitha48(satisfied)smileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe49(discussion)ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?The50(smile)frozeonhisface...47.A.However B.InsteadMoreoverD.Therefore［分析］從47空前后文的關(guān)系來看，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。［高考典例2］2014-山東卷?完形填空ButCharlottehadbeenpractisingwithoutalicence.Shehad34(applied_for)adoctor'slicenceinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,butwas__35__.35.A.punishedB.refusedC.blamed D.fired［分析］由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知她曾申請行醫(yī)執(zhí)照，但是被拒絕了。故選B項。［高考典例3］2015-全國卷I?閱讀七選五Youdidn'tlose"everything".Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__Instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.Learntoreallytrustyourself.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.［分析］空格的上文指出要看到生活中積極的一面。下文中的Instead一詞說明空格和下文存在著行文逆轉(zhuǎn)，即轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。分析七個選項，只有G項(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見)合適。［高考典例4］2013-浙江卷-B篇Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.Q：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainisTRUE?Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.［分析］本題是在轉(zhuǎn)折處設(shè)題。本段的小標題：心臟和大腦，誰的工作強度大？對于此問題的解釋是要看你是在思考還是在鍛煉。本段前面指出，在進行體育鍛煉時，心臟的工作強度大。接著通過轉(zhuǎn)折句（But,inthelongrun...）指出從長遠來看，大腦的工作強度比心臟的工作強度大。故選A。［課下語篇提能練］ 40分鐘I.閱讀理解In2007,Americansreadlessfrequentlyandmorepoorlythantheyhadintheprevioustenyears,accordingtoanalysisbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArts.Whileafollowupstudyin2009reportedanencouragingriseinthenumberofadultsreadinganynovels,poetry,orplaysina12monthperiod,itofferednoencouragingnewsoncomprehensionandmadenoapologiesforhowthebarhadn'tonlybeenloweredbutdropped.IwanttobelievewehighschoolEnglishteachersarethethinbluelinecheckingthistrend.ButIcan'thelpconsideringthepossibilitywemaybecontributingtoit.I'veoftenthoughtthatthemodernclassroom'sentirereasonforbeingistotranslateindividual（個人的）learningexperienceintosocialconsensus（共識）orapplication.Otherwise,we'dsimplyletourstudentslooseinwellstockedlibrariesandbookstores.Mostindividualexperiencesinreadingworkthisway.Thechoiceofabookreflectsitsavailabilityandthereader'scuriosity.IhadmanyreasonsforreadingthebooksIdidinthelastsixmonths:halfwererecommended（推薦），othersweresubjectsthatcaughtmyinterestorbyauthorswhoseotherworksIhadenjoyed.IincludemycopyofTheRagandBoneShopoftheHeartthatIrarelygomorethantwoweekswithoutspendingatleast30qualityminutesreading,becausereally,Icouldn'tpossiblyreadpoetrythesamewayIreadabook.Readingabookinthehighschoolclassroomisdifferent.Evenforhabitualreadersthebookisn'tlikelyonethey'dpickupontheirown.My9thgradenovellistincludesToKillaMockingbird,TheChocolateWar,OfMiceandMen,Night,TheHouseonMangoStreet,andRomeoandJuliet,averystandardlistfor9thgradersacrossthecountry.NoneofthesebooksarebyStephanieMeyer,NicholasSparks,SuzanneCollins,orRickRiordan,namesyoumaybeunfamiliarwith,butmentionthemtoteenswhoreadorhighschoollibrariansandtheycanbringyouuptospeed.Also,tests,quizzes,andactivitiesputdeadlinesonreaders.Consideringhowwidethedifferencesbetweenreadingonone'sownandreadinginaclassare,I'minterestedinhoweducatorsmighttakesomeaspectsfromtheformertolethighschoolstudentsreadjusttoread.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者認為為更好地培養(yǎng)學生的閱讀能力，老師們不應(yīng)該過多干涉學生閱讀。Whatconcernstheauthor?ThedroppingnumberofAmericanreaders.ThequalityofAmericanhighschoolteachers.TheattitudeofAmericanadultstowardsreading.TheupsettingcomprehensionlevelsofAmericans.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“itofferednoencouragingnewsoncomprehensionandmadenoapologiesforhowthebarhadn'tonlybeenloweredbutdropped”'可知，雖然最近一年來，美國讀書的人多了，但是美國人的閱讀理解能力卻直線下滑。Whatdidtheauthorthinkofreadingaccordingtohisownexperience?Itshouldbedoneatlibraries.Itshouldbeguidedbyteachers.Itisauniquepersonalexperience.Itisbettertospendover30minutesonit.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段開頭的“Mostindividualexperiencesinreadingworkthisway.”和作者對自己閱讀經(jīng)歷的描述可知，作者認為讀書更多的應(yīng)該是一種個人經(jīng)歷。ThenameslikeStephanieMeyerarementionedtoshow.thenovellistislimitedtheyarepopularwithlibrarianstheirworksdon'tappealtoteenstheyarefamiliarnamesinliterature解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“butmentionthemtoteenswhoreadorhighschoollibrariansandtheycanbringyouuptospeed.Also,tests,quizzes,andactivitiesputdeadlinesonreaders”可知，作者認為學校推薦給學生的書單遠遠不夠，應(yīng)該讓學生讀一些其他作家的書，這樣有利于他們閱讀能力的提高。Whatistheauthor'ssuggestion?Lettingkidsreadalone.Encouragingkidstoread.Excitingkids'interestinnovels.Reconsideringhighschooleducation.解析：選A推理判斷題。作者在文中對比了自己的讀書經(jīng)歷和學校里學生的讀書現(xiàn)狀，并在最后一段中表達了自己的看法：lethighschoolstudentsreadjusttoread。由此可知，他希望老師們不要過多干涉學生的讀書過程，應(yīng)該給學生多一些選擇的自由。II.完形填空Sleepwalkingismostcommonduringthepreteenyearsandmayaffect15percentofchildren.Ittendstoruninfamilies.Forexample,achildis10timesmorelikelytosleepwalkifafirstdegree__1__suchasaparentorasibling（兄弟姐妹）alsosleepwalks.Andit'smostlikelyto__2__earlyinthenight,withinafewhoursoffallingasleep.Most__3__outgrow（擺脫）theirsleepwalkingbythelateteenyears.Herearesomewaysto__4__thisnighttimebehavior.Soundanalarm.__5_isanobviousconcerninthissituation,soifyoudon'thaveanalarmsysteminyourhousetohelp__6__yourchildinside,youmaywanttouseanindividualdooralarm.Placeagateinthedoorwaytoyourchild's__7__.Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom,orhemaymakeenough__8__tryingtomovethegatethatyou'llcatchyourchildintheact.Makesureyouhavesafetylocksonalldoorsandwindows__9__outside,soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking.__10__yourchildbacktobed.__11__encouragehimtogotosleep.__12__sleepwalkersareinthedeepeststageofsleep,theywillbeconfusedifwoken.Inaddition,__13__thesleepwalkersmaydisrupt（中斷）theirsleep,whichinturnmaycausetheirdaytime__14__.Soifyourchildissleepwalking,it's__15__tojusttellhimtogobacktobed,orgentlyleadhimtohisroom.Reducestress.Mostoften,sleepwalkingistheresultofemotional__16__.Whenasecondchildisborn,theolderchildmaybe__17_oflosinghisparents'love.Talkwithyourchildabout__18__inhislife.Ifyoufindyourchild'ssleepwalkingmightbe__19__bysomestressinhislife,tryto__20__it.Getthehelpofamental(精神的)healthexpertifheneedsit.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了應(yīng)對兒童夢游的三種方法。A.relative B.friendC.partnerD.member解析：選A由下文中的“suchasaparentorasibling”可知，如果一級“親屬(relative)”像父母或兄弟姐妹夢游，那么這個孩子也很有可能會夢游。A.endB.changeC.occurD.show解析：選C由該空后的“earlyinthenight,withinafewhoursoffallingasleep”可知，夢游最有可能“發(fā)生(occur)”在前半夜，入睡后的前幾個小時。A.familiesB.childrenC.studentsD.boys解析：選B由上文中的“duringthepreteenyears”和“affect15percentofchildren”可知，大多數(shù)“兒童(children)”在進入青春期后夢游癥會自行消失。A.getthroughB.lookintoC.giveupD.dealwith解析：選D由下文中的“Soundanalarm”，"yourchildbacktobed”以及“Reducestress.”可知，下文是“應(yīng)對(dealwith)”這種夜間行為的三個方法。A.HealthB.SafetyC.StrengthD.Effect解析：選B由下文的描述可知，在這種情況下，“安全(Safety)”是一個明顯的問題。A.hide B.keepC.putD.leave解析：選B由下文中的“Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom'*““soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking”可知，此處指報警系統(tǒng)有助于“保持(keep)”孩子待在室內(nèi)。A.area B.classroomC.bedroomD.space解析：選C由該空后的“Thiswillkeepthesleepwalkerintheroom”可知，在孩子的“臥室(bedroom)”門口放置柵欄門。A.noise B.painC.movementD.progress解析：選A由下文的描述可知，夢游的人在移動柵欄門的時候會弄出“噪^noise)”。A.leadingB.pointingC.facingD.closing解析：選A由下文中的“soyourchildcan'tleavethehousewhilesleepwalking”可知，確保所有“通往(leading)”外面的門和窗都有安全鎖。A.OrderB.PushC.GuideD.Drive解析：選C由下文中的“l(fā)eadhimtohisroom”可知，此處指把你的孩子“領(lǐng)(Guide)”回床上。A.StronglyB.QuicklyC.CalmlyD.Gently解析：選D由下文的描述可知，此處指“輕聲地(Gently)”鼓勵他去睡覺。A.ThoughB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Before解析：選C由該段的描述可知，“因為(Because)”夢游者在深睡眠階段，如果把他們叫醒，他們會感到很困惑。A.teachingB.wakingC.watchingD.directing解析：選B由文中的描述可知，“喚醒(waking)”夢游的人會擾亂他們的睡眠，這樣又會導致他們白天“困倦(tiredness)”。A.sicknessB.sadnessC.lonelinessD.tiredness解析：選D參見上題解析。A.wrongB.uselessC.easiestD.best解析：選D由文中的描述可知，如果你的孩子正在夢游，“最好(best)”是告訴他回到床上，或者輕輕地把他領(lǐng)回到臥室。A.mistakesB.reasonsC.problemsD.choices解析：選C由上文中的stress以及下文的描述可知，大多數(shù)情況下，夢游是情緒“問題(problems)”導致的結(jié)果。A.boredB.guiltyC.awareD.afraid解析：選D由該空后的“l(fā)osinghisparents'love”可知，大一點的孩子“害帽afraid)”失去父母的愛。A.difficultiesB.lessonsC.chancesD.memories解析：選A由文中的描述可知，家長應(yīng)該和孩子談?wù)撍钪械摹袄щy(difficulties)”。A.followedB.increasedC.removedD.caused解析：選D如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的夢游是他生活中的壓力“導致(caused)”的，努力去“解決(address)”它。A.decideB.addressC.standD.understand解析：選B參見上題解析。m.語法填空AtuniversityIplayaDutchsport__1__(call)korfball.Thisisateamsportwitheightpeopleoneachteam,fourboysandfourgirls.It'stheonly__2__(true)mixedsportwithbothgendersonthecourtat__3__sametime.Theaimistoshoottheballintothehoop,whichislikeanetballorbasketballhoop,only__4__(high)thanthat!Allplayersgetachance__5__(attack)anddefendduringthegameandit'sveryfastpaced.WhenI__6__(start)korfball,Iwasn'tverygoodatit.IcouldthrowandcatchbutIwasnotveryfastonmyfeet.ShootingwasalsodifficultformebecauseI'dplayednetballinschoolandwasused__7_ashorterpost.Moreover,youoftenhavetoshootonthemoveinkorfball,andIfound__8_hardtobalanceandshootstraightwhilerunningbackwardsawayfrommydefender!However,Ireallyenjoyedthesportandmadefriendsintheclub,soIattended__9_(train)twiceaweek,everyweek.TwoyearslaterIaminthefirstteamformyuniversityandhaveplayedinmanymatchesandtournaments,evenscoringsome__10_(goal)formyteam!Thisjustshowsthathardworkpaysoff—ifyoutrainhard,youcansucceed.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者在大學里參加的一項運動 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