2012真題高考卷英語

第1 （共105分SectionADirections：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers. Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid. Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.AtaB.AtaC.AtaD.Atan2.A.B.C.D.3.A.Doctorand B.ShopownerandC.Secretaryand D.ReceptionistandA.Hewouldhavethrown$300 B.$300isnotenoughfortheC.Sandyshouldn'thavegiventhat D.DavemustbemadwiththeA.Shelivesclosetothe B.ShechangeshermindatC.Shewillturntoher D.Shedeclinestheman's D.A.Bothofthemdrinktoomuch B.Thewomandoesn'tLikecoffeeatC.Theyhelpeachotherstopdrinkingcoffee. D.Themanisuninterestedinthewoman'sA.Hedoesn't.mindhelpingthe B.HehesitateswhethertohelporC.He'llhelpifthewomandoesn't D.Hecan'thelpmovetheA.He'splanningtofindanew B.HepreferstokeephishouseinaC.He'stoobusytocleanhis D.HehasalreadycleanedhisnewA.Shedoesn'tagreewiththe B.SheisgoodatfindingaplacetoC.Shecouldhardlyfindthe D.ShehadnotravelexperienceinSectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.Usethecompany's B.GiveorderstoC.Makedecisionsforthe D.ActasBigA.Employeesgainfull B.EmployeessuspectoneC.Employees'childrenare D.EmployeesenjoyworkingA.Reward. B.Safety. C.Trust. D.HonestyQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassageA.Canadahadasmaller B.LandwascheaperinC.Theywantedtocontinuethe D.TheywereagainstA.TheystandardizedCanadian B.TheysettledthereaftertheC.Theyenjoyaveryhighsocialposition. D.TheymakeupasmallpartoftheA.Itisconsidereduniquetosome B.ItisgreatlyinfluencedbyC.ItismainlylinkedtoBritish D.Itdatesbacktothelate17thSectionDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingCompletetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachSectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.passion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryforcreativeA. B. C. D.Ishonestythebestpolicy?We thatitiswhenweareA.will B. C.are D.willbeAsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasn't intothesportsA. B.to C. D.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。allowsb.todosth. beallowedtodosth. Thenewlawstatesthatpeople_driveafterdrinkingA. B. C. D.Onlywiththegreatestofluck toescapefromtherisingfloodA.managed B.she C.didshe D.shedid—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuya—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he enoughforausedA.willhave B.willbe C.has D.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticed onehadhisnamewrittenA. B. C. D.Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtofly theairlineslowerticketA. B. C. D.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshas _therightthingstoA.thinking B.tothink C.thought D.think 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。havetrouble(in)doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：大庭廣眾之下講話，皮特Thereismuchtruthintheidea kindnessisusuallyservedbyA. B. C. D.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom _youreceivedA. B. C. D.戚)whom。fromwhom=andfromthem。句意：你從親戚那兒收到了禮物Theclub, _25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentA. B. C.being D.tobe—Wasitbycuttingdown _shesavedthe—No,itwasbyimprovingworkA. B. C. D.bycuttingdownstaff進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。句意：—是不—We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthat—No, _IamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandA. B. C. D."Genius"isacomplicatedconcept, _manydifferentA. B. C.to D.beingThemapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhas _hegoestoanewA. B. C. D.Section Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A. B. C. D. E.F.concern Gcrisis H.decided I.available J.reversedFilmgoersshouldbetoldhowmanycaloriesthereareinthepopcorn,icecreamandsoftthattheybuyincinemas,accordingtotheFoodStandardSmallerpopcornbucketsanddrinkcupsshouldalsobe ,thenutritioninspectorTimSmith,chiefexecutiveoftheagency,toldTheTimesthatcinemasshouldhelptodealwiththecountry'soverweight "Thereisamisbeliefthatpopcorniscalorie-free,butthatisnotthecase.Itisa us,"hesaid."Portionsizesarealsoabigissue,andthereseemstobeincreasinglybigpacksonHespokeasanumberoffoodchainssuchasPretAManger,WimpeyandTheReal44toputcaloriecountsonalltheirAtrialscheme（試行方案）with21foodcompaniestookplacelastsummer,and45arethatconsumersalteredtheirbuyinghabitswhentheyrealizedthenumberofcaloriesinaproduct.Aconsultation(征詢意見)onthetrialendsnextmonthbutMr.SmithisalreadyplanningtheseconddriveforAmerican-stylecaloriecountsandis46towinsupportfromcinemasandotherentertainmentplaces,fromfootballgroundstoconcerthalls.Government47suggestthattwothirdsofadultsandathirdofchildrenareoverweight.Iftrendsarenot48,thiscouldrisetoalmostnineintenadultsandtwothirdsofchildrenby2050,puttingthemat49riskofheartdisease,cancerandotherReadingSectionDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother50,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble（絆腳）andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis51;sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyto 52aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink_55_Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe57,buthadapparentlybeen"lost".Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.Thedegreeof_60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoForexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga(n)61T-shirtthanapersonwearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensiveWhetherapersonreceiveshelpdependsinpartonthe"worth"ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone62_tobuymilkratherthantobuycookies,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor63thancookies.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe64ratherthandrunk.50.A. B. C. D. 51.A. B. C. D.【解析】通過下文“thevictimwasmorelikelyto aidifhisfacewasspotless”知道是52.A. B. C. D.53.A. B. C. D.54.A. B. C. D.55.A. B. C. D.56.A.At B.Above C.In D.Forreceiveaid.在某種情況下，那些長得漂亮的人更有可能接受到幫助”提出了觀點(diǎn)，57.A. B. C. D.【解析】根據(jù)下文“Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.”可知答案。58.A. B.good- C. D.hard-59.A.send B.throw C.fill D.turn60.A. B. C. D.61.A. B. C. D.62.A. B. C. D.【解析】6263、64題都是圍繞“一個(gè)人是否得到幫助部分取決于‘值得不值得’的情況”這個(gè)話題所舉的例子。根據(jù)下文“tobuymilkratherthantobuycookies,”可知是63.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.PhilWhitehasjustreturnedfroman18,000-mile,around-the-worldbicycleWhitehadtworeasonsformakingthisepicjourney.Firstofall,hewantedtousethetriptoraisemoneyforcharity,whichhedid.Heraised￡70,000fortheBritishcharity,Oxfam.White'ssecondreasonformakingthetripwastobreaktheworldrecordandbecomethefastestpersontocyclearoundtheworld.Heisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordornot.WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare,inLondon,on19thJune2004andwasback299dayslater.Hespentmorethanl,300hoursinthesaddle（車座）anddestroyedfoursetsoftyresandthreebikechains.HehadtheadventureofhislifecrossingEurope,theMiddleEast,India,Asia,Australia,NewZealandandtheAmericas.Amazingly,hedidallofthiswithabsolutelynosupportteam.Nojeepcarryingfood,waterandmedicine.Nodoctor.Nothing!Justabikeandavery,verylongroad.Thejourneywaslonelyanddesperateattimes.Healsohadtofighthiswayacrossdeserts,throughjunglesandovermountains.Hecycledthroughheavyrainsandtemperaturesofupto45degrees,alltohelppeopleinneed.Therewereotherdangersalongtheroad.InIran,hewaschasedbyarmedrobbersandwasluckytoescapewithhislifeandthelittlemoneyhehad.TheworstthingthathappenedtohimwashavingtocycleintoaheadwindonaroadthatcrossesthesouthofAustralia.Forl,000kilometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.Thispartofthetripwasslow,hardworkanddepressing,buthemadeitintheend.NowMr.Whiteisbackandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventures.WhenPhilWhitereturnedfromhistrip, broketheworld B.collectedmoneyforC.destroyedseveral D.travelledaboutl,300,Whatdoestheword"epic"inParagraphlmostprobablyVeryslowbut B.VerylongandC.Verysmoothbut D.VerylonelyandDuringhisjourneyaroundtheworld,PhilWhite foughtheroicallyagainstrobbersin B.experiencedtheextremesofheatandC.managedtorideagainstthewindinAustralia D.hadateamofpeoplewhotravelledwithWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePhilA. B. C. D.的；謙虛的；堅(jiān)定（堅(jiān)決）PhilWhite終于成功完成這次漫sight-seeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofSydney'sharbour,city,bayandbeachASydneyPassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheExplorerBuses:the'red'SydneyExplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswhilethe'blue'BondiExplorervisitsSydneyHarbourbaysandfamousbeaches.Taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdailyharbourcruises(游船YoucanalsotravelfreeonregularSydneyBuses,SydneyFerriesorCityRailservices(limitedarea),soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautifulcity.ImaginebrowsingatDarlingHarbour,samplingthefamousseafoodatWatsonsBayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise.ThepossibilitiesandplansareendlesswithaSydneyPass.Whereveryoudecidetogo,rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin,firstseatedbasis.SydneyPassesareavailablefor3,5or7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod.Witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseit.AllSydneyPassesincludeafreeAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3,5or7days,andLhereturntripisvalid(育效的)for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasused.SydneyPass*Achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder16years.Childrenunder4yearstravelfree.**Afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily.ASydneyPassdoesn’tofferunlimitedridestheExplorer B.theharbourC.regularSydney D.CityRailWithaSydneyPass,atraveller savefaresfromandtothe B.taketheSydneyExplorertoC.enjoythefamousseafoodfor D.reserveseatseasilyina【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“AllSydneyPassesincludeafreeAirportExpress”可知到機(jī)場是If5-dayticketsweretoberecommendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithhercolleagueandherchildren,aged3,6and10,whatwouldthelowestcostA. B. C. D.ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame"fight-or-flight"reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled"tendandbefriend."Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung("tend"),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers-especiallyotherfemales('befriend").Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(澈素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat"animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious."Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomen turntofriendsfor B.solveaconflictC.findanescapefrom D.seekcomfortfromWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtotheMenhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomenOxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandBothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofOxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanon【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中“Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsare影響為雄性激素所降低。由此推出答案D項(xiàng)。WhatcanbelearnedfromtheMalehormoneshelpbuildupthebody'sresistancetoInafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherBiologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestoTheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleoftheHowmenandwomengetoverHowmenandwomensufferfromHowresearchersovercomestressHowresearchershandlestress-relatedSectionDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.WhenachildshouldlearntoWhyitisfuntoteachachildWhatifachildhasreadingHowyouprepareayoungchildforWhatisthebestwaytoteachachildWhetherreadingearlypromiseslaterachievementsLearningtoreadearlyhasbecomeoneofthoseindicators-inparents'mindsatleast–thattheirchildissmart.Infact,readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildissuccessfulacademically.Researchhasshownthatdifficultywithreadingisoftenduenottoinferiorintelligencebuttodifferencesinthedevelopmentalwiringofeachindividualchild.Insomecases,thereareneurologicalproblemsanddevelopmentallagsthatcanbeovercomewithpropertraining.【解析】根據(jù)第二句話“Infact,readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildisTraditionally,Americanschoolsteachchildrenatagesix,butmanyschoolsbeginteachinginformallyinkindergartenandpre-kindergarten.Ifparentsstarttooearlytoencouragereading,andachilddoesnotimmediatelysucceed,theparenthasahardtimerelaxingandlettingthechildgoathisorherownpace.Overtheyears,researchhasprovedthattheuseofboththe“wholelanguage"methodandthe"phonic"methodworksbestforachildtomasterreading.Whilethewholelanguageapproach,whichincludesreadingtochildrenandgettingtheminterestedinboththeactivityofreadingandthestorytheyarereading,ishelpful,phonicsmustbetaught.Childrenmustbetaughtthatoneofthesquigglestheyseeisa"p"andanothera"b".Gettingtheprintoffthepagerequiresadifferentabilitythanbeingabletounderstandthemeaningofwhatiswritten.Youcanstartdevelopingtheskillsneededinreadingataveryyoungagewithoutputtinganypressureonchildren.Besidesreadingtothem,parentscanstart"eartraining"theirchildbyplayingrhymegames.Thisdevelopsthechild'sabilitytorecognizedifferentsounds.Inreadingtochildren,parentsalsocanpointtowordsastheygo,teachingthechildthatthefunnylinesonthepagearethewordsyouaresaying.Allthisshouldbeafunactivity.Onceachildisinschool,thelearningofreadingisinevitablymoreserious.Forchildrenwhohavesomekindofreadingdifficulty,youmustgetaprofessionaldiagnosis.Whiletheteachermightsaythechildismerelydisinterestedbutwillgetoverit,disinterestorpoorperformanceinreadingcanstemfromanumberofthings,somebeingveryspecificlearningdisabilitiesthatcanbeidentifiedandworkedon.Butitisverytrickyforparentstodealwiththeirownchild'slearningSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同齡人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.Thispatternofagesegregation(隔離)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955t01975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentt020.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsize.Researchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadolescents'dailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriendsthanengaginginanyotheractivity.Inatypicalweek,highschoolstudentswillspendtwiceasmuchtimewiththeirpeersaswithadults.Thisgradualwithdrawalfromadultsbeginsinearlyadolescence.Lnsixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)accountforonly25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofadolescentpeercultureisitsincreasinglyautonomous(自治的)function.Whilechildhoodpeergroupsareconductedundertheclosesupervisionofparents,adolescentpeergroupstypicall