新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專(zhuān)題1第8 體裁微解議論文 (含解析)

第8講體裁微解——議論文議論文，也叫說(shuō)理文，是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見(jiàn)、提出主張的文體。作者通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非等方法，來(lái)確定其觀(guān)點(diǎn)的正確或錯(cuò)誤，樹(shù)立或否定某種主張。議論文的三要素是論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)是一篇文章的靈魂、統(tǒng)帥；論據(jù)是支撐論點(diǎn)的材料；論證是用論據(jù)來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的方法和過(guò)程。主要具有以下特點(diǎn)：選材主要選自一些外國(guó)期刊，如NewsWeek，Times，BusinessWeek，TheEconomist；主要是中外廣泛關(guān)注的社會(huì)話(huà)題和熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。內(nèi)容內(nèi)容包羅萬(wàn)象，社會(huì)生活類(lèi)占據(jù)了絕大部分。作者通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、列數(shù)字等方法論證論點(diǎn)，目的是說(shuō)服他人、宣揚(yáng)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，或者說(shuō)服讀者接受某種意見(jiàn)或采取某種行動(dòng)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)生僻詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句。結(jié)構(gòu)大多以“總—分—總”的結(jié)構(gòu)行文，即“提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題”。語(yǔ)言議論文一般觀(guān)點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語(yǔ)言精練、論證合理，有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。命題議論文難度相對(duì)比較大，命題角度呈多樣化，如細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題等。高考英語(yǔ)議論文設(shè)題廣泛，細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞句猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題都有可能出現(xiàn)，因此，在閱讀議論文時(shí)，應(yīng)該從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容兩方面同時(shí)入手，先通讀原文，再區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀(guān)點(diǎn)，明確論點(diǎn)、論證和論據(jù)，明了作者最后得出的結(jié)論。具體答題策略如下：(2021·天津3月·D)Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist，evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole，well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize，tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation，branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining，degrees，orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight，thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends，ortraveledtoexcitingplaces，meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists，ontheotherhand，knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability，talent，andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(視角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(專(zhuān)長(zhǎng))．Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor，onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut，onceyouexploretheirdepths，youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni，whoisalsoawriter，haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter，sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead，butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife，ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad，generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專(zhuān)家。)51．Tobecomeaspecialist，onemayhaveto.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．a(chǎn)voidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句可知，成為專(zhuān)家需要對(duì)特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專(zhuān)家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越多。因此，要成為一名專(zhuān)家，了解到的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域會(huì)越來(lái)越少，會(huì)縮小一個(gè)人的知識(shí)范圍。故選A。52．Thespecialistsmentionedinparagraph3tendto.A．treasuretheirfreedomB．travelaroundtheworldC．spendmosttimeworkingD．enjoymeetingfunnypeople答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty...Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight”，由此可知，這些專(zhuān)家往往花大部分的時(shí)間在工作上。故選C。53．Accordingtotheauthor，asuperiordoctorisonewho.A．isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB．isapurespecialistinmedicineC．shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD．bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，這位既是詩(shī)人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)運(yùn)用到工作中。故選D。54．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段前三句可知，事物之間是有聯(lián)系的，你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)可以激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來(lái)沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。接著下文舉出Toni的例子，由此可以推斷，作者想通過(guò)Toni的例子說(shuō)明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話(huà)，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB．SpecialistorGeneralist：HardtoDecideC．TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD．WaystoBecomeaGeneralist答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段第一句提出觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即使你是一個(gè)專(zhuān)家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才；第二段第三句說(shuō)明成為專(zhuān)家的不足之處是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越深；第四段說(shuō)明當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才。故選A。AIfhavingtomakeachoicebetweenreadingane-bookandaprintedbook，whichwouldmostpeoplechoose？Somewouldgoforane-bookwhilesomestillpreferthehard-printedbook.Undoubtedly，e-booksdohavebenefits.Firstly，changestoanelectronicpublicationarerelativelyeasytomake.Theyarequickertoobtain.E-booksaremoreeasilyupdated.Theprintedbooksonmanysubjectscanbecomeoutdatedveryquickly.Secondly，e-bookscanbeeasilyandquicklykeptuptodate.Youusuallygetfarmorethanjustthee-books.Moste-booksaresoldwithbonusesandrelatedinformationthatusuallydonotcomewiththepurchaseofaprintedbook.Moreover，theytakeuplessspace.Insteadofabiglibrary，youcanfitliterallythousandsofbooksonyourcomputer.Italsomakesiteasiertosharethisinformationwithfamiliesandfriends.Fornearlytwentyyears，additionally，futuristshavebeenpredictingthedevelopmentofprintedbooks.Theconventionalviewhasbeenthatdigitale-booksareonthevergeofreplacingpaperbooks.However，thishasnotbeenthecase.Aprintedbookhasitsadvantagestoo.Firstly，itisanobjectthatcanbecarriedandusedalone.Itneedsnoelectricoutlet(插座)，nobatteries，nothing.Secondly，e-bookswillalwaysrequiresomeformsofsupportthattheprintedbookdoesnotneed.Ibelievethattheonlinepublishinghasnottakenoffbecausepeoplewantrealbooks.Whatisbeingpublishedonlinemoreandmorearepamphlets(小冊(cè)子)andthingsthatreallydonotneedtobeinprint.Thesearestuffthatpeoplethrowawayafterward.Moreoften，peopledonotwanttoreadabookonthecomputer.Whatcouldbebetterthanapaperbook？Itlastsalongtime.Thesebooksaredesignedtolastalongtimewithoutdisappearing.Tosumup，thereisnodenyingthattheprintedbookisstillverymuchpreferredoveritsdigitalcousins.Readingelectronicpublicationsisjustnotthesamewhenitcomestobooks.Peoplearestillveryinterestedinrealbooksandnotebooks.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了電子書(shū)和印刷書(shū)籍各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并對(duì)其未來(lái)做出了預(yù)測(cè)。1．Whatcanweknowaboutane-book?A．Itwillneverbeoutofdate.B．Italwaysgivesyouanaddedbonus.C．Itcandeliverinformationquickly.D．Ithastakentheplaceofprintedbooks.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Theyarequickertoobtain.”和第六句“Secondly，e-bookscanbeeasilyandquicklykeptuptodate.”及最后一句可知，電子書(shū)更新快，獲取方便，易于分享。由此推知，電子書(shū)可以快速地傳遞信息。故選C。2．Whichstatementwouldfuturistsprobablyagreewith?A．Printedbookswilldisappear.B．Printedbookscanbeusedalone.C．E-bookshavemanyrestrictions.D．E-bookshavenodrawbacks.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句可知，未來(lái)學(xué)家認(rèn)為在以后電子書(shū)將取代印刷書(shū)籍。由此推知，未來(lái)學(xué)家可能會(huì)同意印刷書(shū)籍即將消失這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。故選A。3．Whatisonecauseofthefailedonlinepublishing?A．Thelowdemandforbookindustry.B．Theexpectationsfrompeople.C．Theguidanceofpolicy.D．Thedesirefortheprintedbooks.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，在線(xiàn)出版沒(méi)有成功的原因是人們對(duì)印刷書(shū)籍的需求。故選D。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureoftheprintedbook?A．Hopeless. B．Unpredictable.C．Costly. D．Promising.答案D解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者認(rèn)為印刷書(shū)籍的未來(lái)是有希望的。故選D。B“Mirror，mirroronthewall.Who’stheprettiestofthemall？”Everyoneis.Includingyou.NomatterwhatTikTok’sbeautytrendswantyoutobelieve.Thepopularvideo-sharingplatformneedsnointroduction.Anyoneintheworldcancreateanythingandpostitonthewidespreadplatform.Butwhathappenswhenmoreandmorefault-findingcontents—especiallyinregardtopeople’slooks—arecreated?“You’reattractiveifyouhave8to10teethshowingwhenyousmile.”“Apparently，thisfilter(濾鏡)showshowgoodyoureyebrowslook.”“Usethiseffecttoadjustthesizeofyourfeatures.”Wearebornwithatendencytofollowthecrowdtogainapproval.Asaresult，welookatthehugenumberofviewsonthesepostsandthinkfollowingthesetrendsistherightthingtodo.Sowehurriedlydownloadthefiltersorrushtothemirrortopretendtosmilebroadlyandcuriouslycountourteeth.Mediahasbeenkeepingwesternbeautystandardsforgenerationsandhasfailedtoconsiderthatdifferentculturesandcountrieshavetheirownbeautystandards.Youmightnotbelieveit，butIfinddarkcircles(theproofyouworkedharduntillateatnight)andscars(theproofthatyou’vesurvivedbattles)beautiful.AndI’msurethereareplentyofotherswhodo，too.TikTokbeautystandardssortpeopleintogroupsaccordingtothesizesoftheirnoses，foreheads，orlips.Theyjudgeapersonbytheirlooks.Actually，peoplearewholeindividualswithfarmoreinterestingqualitiesthantheirforeheadsize.It’sthewayyoureyeslightupwhentalkingaboutyourfavoritebookorthewayyoutakecareofyoursadfriendthatmakesyoubeautiful.Asweageandgrowwrinkles，it’sthethingswedidthatwe’llberememberedfor，notwhatwelookedlike20yearsago.Trustme，noone’sactuallycountingandcommittingtomemoryhowmanyteethareinyoursmile.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇議論文。TikTok上的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只注重外表的美，作者論述了自己對(duì)于美的看法。5．Whyisthefamouslinefromastoryusedatthebeginningofthepassage?A．Toremindreadersofthemagicmirror.B．Tomakethebeginningunderstandable.C．Tointroducetheauthor’sbeautyattitude.D．TodisplaypopularbelieftowardsTikTok.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“Everyoneis.Includingyou.NomatterwhatTikTok’sbeautytrendswantyoutobelieve.”可知，這就是作者自己對(duì)于“誰(shuí)是最美的人”的答案，是作者自己對(duì)于美的態(tài)度，不要跟風(fēng)，要相信自己最美。所以說(shuō)作者引用那句故事臺(tái)詞的目的就是引出自己對(duì)于美的看法。故選C。6．Whydowefollowthebeautytrendsaccordingtothepassage?A．Togetacceptance.B．Tosatisfycuriosity.C．Toputonmoreposts.D．Tocreateabetterself.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段前兩句可知，因?yàn)槲覀兩鷣?lái)就有一種從眾以得到他人的認(rèn)可的傾向，所以才會(huì)追隨審美趨勢(shì)。A項(xiàng)與gainapproval意思一致。故選A。7．Whatisbeautifulaccordingtotheauthor?A．Scarsfromabarfighting.B．Darkcirclesfromplayinggames.C．Eyebrowsshownthroughthefilter.D．Alamelegfromsavingachildinafire.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句以及最后一段可推知，假如你是因?yàn)閺拇蠡鹬芯瘸龊⒆佣热车娜?，在作者看?lái)這就是最美的。故選D。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．WorryingFutureforTikTokFollowersB．UniqueBeautyStandardsonTikTokC．HarmfulTikTokBeautyTrendsD．DangerousTikTokPlatform答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段作者闡述了自己對(duì)美的態(tài)度；第二段作者質(zhì)疑TikTok平臺(tái)上很多人分享的人造美對(duì)社會(huì)導(dǎo)向是錯(cuò)誤的；倒數(shù)第二段作者指出了這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻中的審美是具有負(fù)面影響的，并指出了正確的審美觀(guān)。綜上，作者擔(dān)心TikTok平臺(tái)的審美趨勢(shì)所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。故選C。強(qiáng)化練(十六)議論文AAsimplepieceofclotheslineshangsbetweensomeenvironmentallyfriendlyAmericansandtheirneighbors.Ononesidestandthosewhoseeclothesdryersasawasteofenergyandamajorpolluteroftheenvironment.Asaresult，theyareturningtoclotheslinesaspartofthe“what-I-can-doenvironmentalism”．Butontheothersidearepeoplewhoareagainstdryingclothesoutside，arguingthatclotheslinesareunpleasanttolookat.TheyhavepersuadedHomeownersAssociations(HOAs)acrosstheUStostopoutdoorclotheslines，becauseclotheslinedryingalsotendstolowerhomevalueintheneighborhood.ThishasledtoaRight-to-DryMovementthatiscallingforlawsbepassedtoprotectthechoicetouseclotheslines.Sofar，onlythreestateshavelawstoprotectclotheslines.MattReck,37，isthekindofeco-friendlypersonwhofeedshistreeswithbathwaterandreuseswaterdropsfromhisairconditionerstowaterplants.Hisfamilyalsousesaclothesline.Butseveraldaysago，theHOAinNorthCarolinatoldhimthatadissatisfiedneighborhadtelephonedthemabouthisclothesline.TheReckspaidnoattentiontothewarningandstilldriedtheirclothesonalineintheyard.“Manypeoplesaytheyareenvironmentallyfriendlybuttheydon’ttakemattersintheirownhands，”saysReck.ThelocalHOAhasdecidednottotakeanyaction，unlessmoreneighborscomplain.NorthCarolinalawmakerssaythatstoppingclotheslinesisnottherightthingtodo.ButHOAsandhousingbusinessesbelievethatclotheslinedryingremindspeopleofpoorneighborhoods.Theyworrythatifbuyersthinktheirfutureneighborscan’tevenafforddryers，housingpriceswillfall.Environmentalistssaysuchworriesarenotnecessary，andinviewofglobalwarming，thatideaneedstochange.Astheysay，“Theclotheslineisbeautiful.Hangingclothesoutsideshouldbeencouraged.Weallhavetodoatleastsomethingtoslowdowntheprocessofglobalwarming.”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇議論文。一條簡(jiǎn)單的晾衣繩引起了一些環(huán)保的美國(guó)人和他們的鄰居之間的爭(zhēng)議，有些人反對(duì)在室外晾曬衣服，他們認(rèn)為晾衣繩看起來(lái)很難看，且會(huì)降低房屋價(jià)值，環(huán)保人士則認(rèn)為晾衣繩很環(huán)保且美觀(guān)。1．Supportersofclothesdryersaretryingtostopclotheslinedryingbecause.A．clothesdryerscansavemoneyB．clothesdryersareenergy-savingC．clotheslinedryingreduceshomevalueD．clotheslinedryingisnotallowedinUS答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，干衣機(jī)的支持者們正試圖阻止晾衣繩，因?yàn)榱酪吕K降低了房屋價(jià)值。故選C。2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMattReck?A．Heisawarm-heartedman.B．Heisanimpoliteneighbor.C．Heisaninexperiencedgardener.D．Heisamanofsocialresponsibility.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和倒數(shù)第二句可推知，MattReck是一個(gè)有社會(huì)責(zé)任感的人。故選D。3．Whoaremostlikelytosupportclotheslinedrying?A．Housingbusinesses.B．Environmentalists.C．HomeownersAssociations.D．Reck’sdissatisfiedneighbors.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句以及最后一段可知，環(huán)保人士最有可能支持晾衣繩。故選B。4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．OppositeOpinionsonClotheslineDryingB．AWaytoSaveEnergyandMoneyC．DifferentVarietiesofClotheslinesD．ALostArttoBeDiscovered答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段并結(jié)合文章的主要內(nèi)容可知，文章講述了一條簡(jiǎn)單的晾衣繩引起了一些環(huán)保的美國(guó)人和他們的鄰居之間的爭(zhēng)議。文章介紹了不同的人對(duì)此的看法。故選A。B(2022·江西贛州適應(yīng)性考試)Beingperfectissomethingmanyofuswantandtrytoachieve.Itmakesusfeelwe’recorrectandthatourhardworkhaspaidoff.However，asmuchasperfectionandbeingperfectisnotallaperfectthing.Perfectionisallaboutbeingwithoutmistakesandcriticism.Wantingortryingtobeperfectcanmakeithardtoadmitamistake.Nevertheless，itisimportanttoownuptomistakesandworktofixthem.Notbeingabletotakecriticismandfixmistakesisarrogance，notperfection.Perfectionisadouble-edgedsword.Inourlives，wewantperfection.Perfectionholdsusaccountable;it’sthemistakesandimperfectionthatkeepspushingusharderandfurtheratwhatwedo.It’stheperfectmotivator.Butit’salsotheperfectkiller.Forexample，themovie“BlackSwan”showcasedhowperfectioncankillus.Workingandtrainingandstresshurtourbody，mind，andsomuchmorethatwecan’tdoitanymore.Butperfectioncanalsohavetheoppositeeffect.Themovie“HighStrung”showedthatperfectiondoesn’texist，butpracticingandpushingourselvescanbringusgreatrewards.In“BlackSwan”，themaincharactertriedtobeperfectbuthealsocomparedhimselftosomeoneelsewhohethoughtwasbetterthanhim.Thisaddedmorepressureandself-doubt，whichcancauseunhealthywaysofachievingperfection.Themaincharacterof“BlackSwan”didn’tknowwhentostop，whereasthemaincharacterof“HighStrung”did，oratleastdidn’tfocussomuchonthecomparison，andinsteadfocusedonthecompetitionandtheonesshecaredabout.Perfectionissomethingwecan’tlivewithoutandcan’tlivewith.Theonlywaytokeeptheswordfromcuttingusisifweknowwhentostop.Somedaysaregoingtobegooddaysandotherswillbebad.Wehavetotakewhateverdayitis—perfectorimperfect—andhopethat’senough.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述完美是我們很多人都想要并努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的，然而，完美并不是沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤和缺點(diǎn)，它是一把雙刃劍。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ownupto”meaninparagraph2?A．Make. B．Avoid.C．Correct. D．Acknowledge.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Notbeingabletotakecriticismandfixmistakesisarrogance，notperfection.”以及畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后面“mistakesandworktofixthem”可知，不能接受批評(píng)和糾正錯(cuò)誤是傲慢，而不是完美，所以承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤并努力改正是很重要的。故畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)意思是“承認(rèn)”。故選D。6．Whatpreventsthecharacterin“BlackSwan”fromgoingfurther?A．Comparison. B．Self-doubt.C．Pressure. D．Competition.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“In‘BlackSwan’，themaincharactertriedtobeperfectbuthealsocomparedhimselftosomeoneelsewhohethoughtwasbetterthanhim.Thisaddedmorepressureandself-doubt，whichcancauseunhealthywaysofachievingperfection.”可知，是比較阻止了《黑天鵝》中的角色走得更遠(yuǎn)。故選A。7．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhiletryingtobeperfect?A．Trynottomakemistakes.B．Pushourselvesharder.C．Stopbeforegoingtoofar.D．Proveourabilitytoothers.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theonlywaytokeeptheswordfromcuttingusisifweknowwhentostop.”可知，作者建議我們?cè)谧非笸昝赖耐瑫r(shí)，不要走得太遠(yuǎn)。故選C。8．Whatcouldbethebeststructureofthepassage?(P＝paragraph)答案C解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，第一段總起全文，引出關(guān)于“完美”的話(huà)題；第二段中“Perfectionisallaboutbeingwithoutmistakesandcriticism.”為第一個(gè)論點(diǎn)；第三段和第四段指出完美是一把雙刃劍，為第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)；最后第五段對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)。由此可推知，C選項(xiàng)最符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。CItisbettertokeepyourmouthclosedandletpeoplethinkyouareafoolthantoopenitandremovealldoubt.—MarkTwainYoucanhavesomethingextremelysmart，usefulorfunnytosay，butifyousayitatanimpropertime，youcouldmakeyourselflookfoolish.Throughouthistorymanyfamous，noteworthypeoplehavetakenMarkTwain’swordstoheart.Thesewisepeopleknewwhentotalkandwhentokeepsilent.Manyleadershavetolearnwhentotalkandwhentokeepsilentevenwhenitmightbedifficulttodoso.Allleadersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully，pickingtherighttimetospeak，sothattheirwordscanhavethegreatestimpact.Ifyoulearntodevelopthisskillofknowingwhentoholdyourtongue，youwillalsobecomewise，evenifpeoplethinkyouarenot.Somepeople，infact，willunderestimateyoubecausetheydonotknowwhatyouarethinkingallthetime.Thiscangiveyouanadvantageinmanysituations.Whenpeopleunderestimateyou，theydonotfocusonyou，leavingyoutomakeandperformplanswithoutbeingnoticed.Ifyouthinkbeforeyou