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源源-于-網(wǎng)-絡(luò)-收-集重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)doaredonedidweredonewilldowillbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)aredoingarebeingdoneweredoingwerebeingdonewillbedoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)havedonehavebeendonehaddonehadbeendonewillhavedonewillhavebeendone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)havebeendoing1.1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志:sofar,bynow/uptonow,forthreeyears,since1995,inthepasttwodecades過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去的過(guò)去。said,reported,thought等引導(dǎo)的間接引語(yǔ)中。Hemissedthetrain.Hesaidhehadmissedthetrain.hardly???when,nosooner…than句型中表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Nosoonerhadhegotupthanhereceivedthecall.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中IfIhadtriedharder,Iwouldhavewon.IwishIhaddonebetterintheexam.1.3完成進(jìn)行時(shí)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,沒有間斷。漢語(yǔ)提示語(yǔ):一直Thewaterhasbeenrunningthewholenight.1.4過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的事,不考慮與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志:yesterday,in1995,lastweek,inthenineteenthcentury,fiveyearsago等等。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2.1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一覽表非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式意義現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式beingdone被動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行完成主動(dòng)式havingdone主動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成完成被動(dòng)式havingbeendone被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成過(guò)去分詞done被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)詞不定式一般式todo主動(dòng),將要進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式tobedone被動(dòng),將要進(jìn)行完成主動(dòng)式tohavedone主動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成進(jìn)行主動(dòng)式tobedoing主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行2.2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式:1)目的狀語(yǔ);2)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Icameheretomeetyou.(目的)Hehurriedtotherailstationonlytomissthetrain.(結(jié)果)分詞:1)伴隨狀語(yǔ);2)原因狀語(yǔ);3)條件狀語(yǔ)4)讓步狀語(yǔ);5)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Walkingalongthestreet,hemethisoldfriend.(時(shí)間)Beingverytired,myfatherdidn'tgooutwithus.(原因)Madebyhand,thesilkshirtisveryexpensive.(原因)Seenfromthespace,theearthlookslikeablueball.(條件)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,狀語(yǔ)從句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)Havingdonetheirhomework,thechildrenbegantoplay.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))Afterhavingdonetheirhomework,thechildrenbegantoplay.(連詞+分詞)Aftertheyhaddonetheirhomework,thechildrenbegantoplay.(狀語(yǔ)從句)Withhomeworkdone,thechildrenbegantoplay.(獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision___(make).(tobemade)Doyouknowtheman(stand)infrontofthehouse?(standing)Thequestion(discuss)atthemomentisveryimportant.(beingdiscussed)Thebridge(build)inthe1950sisstillingoodcondition.(built)動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)表示一般、抽象的情況;動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主語(yǔ)表示具體某次的情況。Risingearlyisgoodforhealth.Toriseearlytomorrowisdifficultforme.Itisdifficultformetoriseearlytomorrow.Mybiggestwishistogoabroad.Seeingisbelieving.作賓語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:admit,acknowledge,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,forgive,finish,include,involve,mind,putoff,postpone,suggest,feellike,lookforwardto,beusedto,beaccustomedto,etc.接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:want,tend,intend,pretend,hope,plan,expect,besupposedto,seem,belikelyto,usedto,bewillingto,desire,force,prefer,start,begin接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有不同含義的動(dòng)詞:forget,remember,regretstop,continueneed/wantallowdoing/allowsbtodoHowcanIforgetmeetingyouforthefirsttime?Sorry,Iforgottolockthedoor.Ican'tstoplaughing.Canyoustoptogivemeahand?Thegrassneedscutting.Thegrassneedstobecut.Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣第一大類:非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did/wereshould/could/would+do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddoneshould/could/would+havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反weretodoshoulddoshould/could/would+doIfIwereyou,Iwouldbehappytodoit.Ifwehadgotthenews,wecouldhavepreparedearlier.Ifthejobweretosucceed,youshouldworkharder.第二大類:從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)?/wouldrather+從句wish+從句ifonly+從句asif/asthough+從句It'stime+從句Iwouldratheryoudidn'ttellmethestorynow.Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethestoryyesterday.第三大類:從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其中should可省略。suggest,propose,advise,move(動(dòng)議),ask,order,require,request,desire,insist,prefer等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句;suggestion,proposal,advice,motion,order,requirement,request,desire,preference等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句;important,necessary,essential,imperative,desirable,advisable,preferable等形容詞用在itis…that…句型中;lest,incase,forfearthat等引導(dǎo)的從句中。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itismysuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Hecametotheofficeearlierlesthe(should)misstheimportantmeeting.4.定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句4.1定語(yǔ)從句:限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1)關(guān)系代詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)):which,that,who,whom,whose2)關(guān)系副詞(在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)):when,where,why,how名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:1)主從連詞(不在從句中作任何成分):that,whether,if2)連接代詞(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)):what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever…3)連接副詞(在從句中作狀語(yǔ)):when,where,why,how4.2定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行修飾限制,而同位語(yǔ)從句闡述的是名詞的具體內(nèi)容。從語(yǔ)法上看,that,which在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),而同位語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞that不在從句中擔(dān)任任何成分。1)Thestory(that)hetoldmemaynotbetrue.定語(yǔ)從句2)Thestorythathehasmadeafortunemaynotbetrue.同位語(yǔ)從句4.3什么時(shí)候用介詞+which的形式?如果定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用that/which形式。如果定語(yǔ)從句缺狀語(yǔ),用介詞+which形式。1)TheplacewhichIvisitedlastweekisverybeautiful.2)TheplaceinwhichIusedtoliveisverybeautiful.4.4which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which和as都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾整個(gè)一句話。as有“正如"的意思,而which沒有。1)Heiseasytogetangry,whichiswellknown.他很容易生氣,這一點(diǎn)大家都知道。2)Heiseasytogetangry,aseverybodyknows.正如大家都知道的那樣,他很容易生氣。1強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)Iwashired(hire)byaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondonin1989.解析:過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),標(biāo)志語(yǔ):1989。However,manypeopledoubtwhetherthiswillreduce(reduce)theincidenceofabuse.解析:一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示"會(huì)減少"的意思。Uptothattime,theblueshadbeen(be)anessentiallyblackmedium.解析:過(guò)去完成時(shí),標(biāo)志語(yǔ):uptothattime,表示"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingphysically,sexuallyandpsychologicallyabused(abuse).解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)。Ifyoudonot(not,control)it,itwillcontrolyou.解析:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主講從現(xiàn):主句用將來(lái)時(shí),但是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Youwillenjoyyourfuntimemoreafteryouhavecompleted(complete)yourstudyresponsibilities.解析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示"已經(jīng)完成"。Maintainingahealthyself-esteemis(be)achallengethatcontinuesthroughoutlife.解析:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcenturywitnessed(witness)thefirstextendedtranslationintoEnglishofthewritingsofEliphasLevi.解析:一般過(guò)去時(shí),標(biāo)志語(yǔ):thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury。Alltheworriestheymighthavefeltforhimweredriven(drive)offbythesightofhischeerfulface.解析:一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)Attemptstobreakupthisoldsystemhavebeenmade(make)ineverypresidentialelectioninthepastonehundredyears.解析:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng),標(biāo)志語(yǔ):inthepastonehundredyears。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)化練習(xí)Themotherdidn'tknowwhotoblame(blame)forthebrokenglass.解析:who+動(dòng)詞不定式做know的賓語(yǔ)Thechildrenbrought(bring)upinthiswaytendtobehealthier.解析:過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),表被動(dòng)。Itremindedthepresidenttokeepthecampaignfocused(focus)ontheeconomy.解析:過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)。Putting(put)foodintoanemptystomachhelpssynchronizethebodyclock.解析:動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。Itseemsreasonabletoassumethat,otherthingsbeing(be)equal,theywouldprefersingletosharedrooms.解析:現(xiàn)在分詞用在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中Thispoem,iftranslated(translate)wordforwordintoChinese,willmakenosense.解析:連詞加過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)Theymayhavetheirpassportsremoved(remove),makingleavingor“escaping”actuallyimpossible.解析:過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)Herbody,withhandsandfeetbound(bind),wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.解析:過(guò)去分詞用在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中Icouldn'thelpbutfeel(feel)thisisaverystrangelife.解析:couldn'thelpbut后接動(dòng)詞原形Letusconsidertheearthasaplanetrevolving(revolve)roundthesun.解析:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)化練習(xí)Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp,wewouldhavebeen(be)inrealtrouble.解析:與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,ifhehadnotbeen(notbe)sobusy.解析:與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句3.Itishightimethatwetook(take)firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.解析:Itishightime+過(guò)去式的虛擬形式Itwasimperativethatstudentsfinish(finish)theirpapersbeforeJuly1st.解析:Itwasimperativethat+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬形式Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiven(give)toeveryadultperson.解析:demand所接賓語(yǔ)從句用動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬形式Therewasamistakeonmypaycheck.Ishouldhavereceived(receive)$10more.解析:與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句,表示"本應(yīng)該收到"而實(shí)際上沒有。Iwouldratherhebought(buy)thehousenextyear.====Word行業(yè)資料分享―可編輯版本―雙擊可刪====Word行業(yè)資料分享―可編輯版本―雙擊可刪====解析:wouldrather后接賓語(yǔ)從句,從句用過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwehadmet(meet)thembefore.解析:asif所引導(dǎo)的從句用過(guò)去完成式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Shouldshecometomorrow,Itakehertothemuseum.X正確答案為C[A]can[B]will[C]would[D]must解析:與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句。Ifweeverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.正確答案為A[A]hadn'tgot[B]didn'tget[C]wouldn'thavegot[D]wouldn'tget解析:從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,但本身已經(jīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(從bynow可以看出),所以變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。4.定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.Studieshaveshownteenagersoftensufferfromdepression.正確答案為A[A]that[B]which[C]inwhich[D]inthat解析:that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句2.Itisawell-knownfactapersonwillmoveinacirclewhenhecannotusehiseyestocontrolhisdirection.正確答案為A[A]that[B]if[C]when[D]whether解析:that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Ontheotherhandconcernisalsogrowingaboutthepossibilityofaneweconomicorderresource-richnationsoftheThirdWorldwouldcombinetosethighcommodityprices.正確答案為C[A]which[B]what[C]that[D]inthat源-于-網(wǎng)-絡(luò)-收-集====Word行業(yè)資料分享―可編輯版本―雙擊可刪====Word行業(yè)資料分享―可編輯版本―雙擊可刪====源源-于-網(wǎng)-絡(luò)-收-集解析:that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Itisnotyetknowncomputerswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.正確答案為A[A]whether[B]if[C]that[D]how解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),whether引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句Suchattitudesamounttoabeliefleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.正確答案為D[A]which[B]if[C]whether[D]that解析:that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Thereasonformakingadecisionisaproblemexists,goalsarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.正確答案為D[A]why[B]because[C]where[D]that解析:

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