限制性定語從句

Grammar說明本章內(nèi)容可用兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法。1學(xué)習(xí)時鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊空白處學(xué)習(xí)。2可用點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)，例如，可點(diǎn)擊來進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。3圖標(biāo)是供奧班學(xué)生或有能力的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。Attributiveclause限制性定語從句

先行詞和關(guān)系詞定語從句

關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句

關(guān)系代詞的使用方法

定語從句中需注意事項

附加部分習(xí)題

定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。以分詞、介詞短語為例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisateThemandrivingtoofastwasadrun

定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisateThemanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrun先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞{對等}

代替

Thatisthebiewhichmyfatherboughtforme

先行詞＝關(guān)系詞bie關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別IhaveaworsinShanghai

代替sisterIhaveasisterwho/thatworsinShanghai普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she關(guān)系代詞：（如上例who/which）

1除了代替先行詞外，2它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分，3同時連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）

說明如下ThebuildingisourschoolThebuildingstandsbytheriver=Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool

先行詞關(guān)系詞從句

which、that是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,

同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接起來。

關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。Thewomanthat/whoisseetingismymother主句Thewomanismymother從句Thewomanisseeting{主語是單數(shù)}Thewomenthat/whoareseetingarefamousscientists

主句Thewomenarefamousscientists

從句Thewomenareseeting{主語是復(fù)數(shù)}

關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:

首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that

然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞

主格

賓格

所有格

人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose

物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich

最后，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱和數(shù)請看以上例句注意

定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。

Thewomanwho/thatseetingyesterdayismymother

主句Thewomanismymother敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時從句Thewomanwho/thatseetingyesterday

句中yesterday表示過去時間定語從句的辨認(rèn)（思考步驟）找出先行詞

a確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。

b確定定語從句的位置確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格確定從句的時態(tài)（定語從句的時態(tài)都不受主句的限制）關(guān)系代詞的使用方法定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that、whom、whose、which等。

that多指物，在從句中作主語或作動詞的賓語。（that/which作賓語時可?。?/p>

1AachinethatcanflyAachinewhichcanfly2WhowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterdayWhowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday3HaveyoufoundthebiethatyoulostHaveyoufoundthebiewhichyoulostHaveyoufoundthebie省略youlost

2which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。

which與that指物時可以互相代替，that更常見。）

1HisfatherworsinafactorythatmaesTVsetsHisfatherworsinafactorywhichmaesTVsets2ThefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderfulThefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderfulThefilm省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful

3who指人既它的先行詞必須是人,在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom是賓格,只能作賓語。,whom,可作主語或賓語1Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmatesThegirlsthatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates2HenewtheteacherwhowemetyesterdayHenewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterdayHenewtheteacherthatwemetyesterday

是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

IsawawomanHerbagwasstolenIsawawomanwhosebagwasstolenI’llcallapersonHisfathernowsyouI’llcallapersonwhosefathernowsyouethebooItscoverisredetheboowhosecoverisredIcan’tfindthehouseMyfriendlivesinitIcan’tfindthehousewhosefriendlivesinit1ThisistheherowhomweareweareproudThisistheherothatweareproudof2SheisthegirlwhomIwentwiththereSheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthereSheisthegirlthatIwentwiththereSheisthegirl省略Iwentwiththere注意:

固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前例如:looafter,looat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,

和whom代人。介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略3TheroomthatIliveinisverybigTheroomwhichIliveinisverybigTheroominwhichIliveisverybigTheroomwhereIliveisverybig4IwanttofindthepenthatIwrotetheletterwithIwanttofindthepenwhichIwrotetheletterwithIwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletterHerearethepicture-boosthatthechildrenarelooingforHerearethepicture-booswhichthechildrenarelooingforHerearethepicture-boosthechildrenarelooingfor

定語從句中需注意事項有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which1從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時,只能用that引導(dǎo)從句

ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheardThefirstmeetingthatwewilltaeething,nothing,anything不定代詞時,只能用thatHereissomethingthatIwilltellyouNotallthatglittersisgold3先行詞既有人也有物時,只能用that引出從句

IcanrememberwelltheepicturesthatIseeof,theone,或用little,few,no,all,any作修飾，用thatIsittheonethatyouwantWehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou5當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞who或which時，關(guān)系詞用thatWhichisthebiethatyoulostWhoisthewomanthatwaseeting從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時宜用用who,而不用thats,anyone,someone,those時，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuanwhowantstoseeyouTherearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim附加部分

————關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)種作用。在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語。連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

關(guān)系副詞有三種：

where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn)on/in/at…which=thatwhen:在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。on/in…which=thatwhy:在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因。=that

關(guān)系副詞的用法：的用法：先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞）

Thehotelwasn’tcleanWestayed

=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean

＝Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean

＝Thehotelwhichwestayedatwasn’tclean

＝Thehotel關(guān)系詞略westayedatwasn’tcleanatthehotelWestayedthere先行詞關(guān)系詞從句從句＝共有五個不同的句子來表達(dá)。的用法：（先行詞應(yīng)是表示時間的名詞）

I’llneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheLeagueonthatdayI’llneverforgetthedaythatIjoinedtheLeague口語

I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeagueI’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague從句的用法：表示原因的名詞

ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoacallingyouistoinviteyoutoacallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty略

在口語中,關(guān)系副詞where、when、why常被that代替,也可省略。EercsesthesentencesthebestanswersI把下列單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句littlegirlwascryingonthemoneyhadbeenstolencolourofthebieisyouseenthebiestudentdidn’tagreewithstudentwasstandingunderthetreeisthemanThemantaledwithyoujustnowwatchisveryniceHegavemethewatchformybirthdaybooisveryinterestingYoulentittomeyesterdayteacherisourEnglishteacherYousawherontheplaygroundThelittlegirlwhosemoneyhadbeenstolenwascryingonthestreetHaveyouseenthebiewhosecolourisgreenThestudentwhowasstandingunderthetreedidn’tagreewithusWhereisthemanwhotaledwithyoujustnowThewatchthathegavemeformybirthdayisveryniceTheboothat/whichyoulentmeyesterdayisveryinterestingTheteacherwho/thatyousawontheplaygroundisourEnglishteacher8TheletterisfrommyfriendIreceivedityesterday

9I’mreadingabooItsnameis“WhoMovedMyCheese”worsinaschoolThereisabigstorenearitusedtoliveinafrontofitgrewmanyaWelivedinitlastyearchildrenareveryhealthySheislooingafterthem14InowthecanspeaEnglishwellTheletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdayisfrommyfriendI’mreadingaboowhosenameis“WhoMovedMyCheese”HeworsinaschoolnearwhichthereisabigstoreThisistheroomthat/whichwelivedinlastyearThisistheroominwhich/wherewelivedlastyearThechildrenwho/thatsheislooingafterthemareveryhealthyInowtheboywho/thatcanspeaEnglishwellHeusedtoliveinahouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanyappletreesseasoniscomesaftersanwasAmericanIsyesterday17Ican’tfindthefriendlivesinit18InowthearelooingforhimisthewasborninthetownarrivedhereontheyourememberitTheseasonwhichcomesaftersmerThemanwhom/thatIsericanThemantowhomIsericanIcan’tfindthehousewhich/thatmyfriendlivesinIcan’tfindthehouseinwhich/wheremyfriendlivesInowtheboywhom/who/thatyouarelooingforThisisthetownwhich/thathewasborninThisisthetowninwhich/wherehewasbornDoyourememberthedaythat/whichwearrivedhereonDoyourememberthedayonwhichwearrivedhereDoyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhereII單項選擇。

1Thisisthejob______theylaughedat2Beihaian______atyesterday’smeetingsawhimsawsawwhowasseen4Theman______isyuncle

5Whatistheanimal______babyisslee ’s7Therobbersshouted,“Handsuoves!”

dictionary_____hean________issmoingisatailor_______ACBDBCCAAB11—Whichanimalisyourfavourite—Theone______hasalongnec

thisthefactory_____ationiswidelyusedtodaywhichwhichthistheboostore_______youvisitedyesterdaywhichonetheysawthemanandthedog_____ranaftereachotherontheroad

istheplacein_____hewasborn

BCCCADBACA21—Doyounowtheman______isyuncleAwhomhosan______watchwasstolenistalingtothelooingforA/theaboveBBDADBDBD31Thisistheonlyboo________IboughtlastyearAandB’mgoingtodoisgoodAandBbuilding_______roofwecanseeisahos___________IsawlastmouthoneCthatDtheonewhatthistheriver______Icanswimwhichonetheoldladyandherdog_______________arecrossingthestreetAwhichBthatCwhoyoulendmethedictionary___________theotherdayyouboughtboughtityouboughtityouboughtit

BAAAAABCBAchurch__________wesawbytheriverwasbuiltacenturyagowhichyounowwhoislivinginthathouse_________windowsfacesouthCwhichof_________withwhatIsaidmaye________I’llgiveyoualesson

45Idon’tthinthenumberofwhichisthedress______________intheshoyoffice_______wasinvitedCwhichman______hairisyellowisthethiefisthemostbeautifulbird______________IhaveeverseenBthatathsteacherDwhomBACABBDBBD

根據(jù)漢語完成句