《英漢對(duì)照分子生物學(xué)導(dǎo)論》課件Chapter 0

YongWangDepartmentofBiotechnolgySchoolofFoodandBiologicalEngineeringJiangsuUniversityZhenjiang212013P.R.ChinaE-mail:

ywang@AbilingualcourseforundergraduatesMolecularBiologySylvainW.Lapan

DepartmentofBiologyMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts02139U.S.A.E-mail:

slapan@MIT.edu

Preparedby&TextbookAnIntroductionofMolecularBiologywithChineseTranslation

《英漢對(duì)照分子生物學(xué)導(dǎo)論》SylvainW.Lapan王勇TeachingActivityTimeTeachingactivityFirstpartUseEnglishtoteach(60minutes)用英語教學(xué)SecondpartUseChinesetoexplainthe(30minutes)majorpoints

用漢語對(duì)主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行講解James

D.Watsonetc.MolecularBiologyoftheGeneReferencebooksBenjaminLewinGeneVIIIIntroduction/引言1.Whatismolecularbiology?

什么是分子生物學(xué)？2.Whatshouldwelearn?

我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)什么內(nèi)容？3.Howtolearn?

如何學(xué)習(xí)？1.Whatismolecularbiology?Molecularbiology:“Howdoesasetofmoleculesmakeadynamiclivingorganism?”Themostfundamentalfeatureofallknownlifeis

theabilitytoreproduceandtheabilitytogrow.Iforganismswerenotabletoreproduce,lifewouldbeimpossible.Ifthecelldoesnotgrow,…400kg200kg100kg50kg25kg12.5kgG0G1G2G3G4G5G66.3kg3.1kgG7Atiger?You’rekiddingme!ThecellgrowsbeforeitdividesDivideGrowDivideProteinsarethekeyplayerReproductionandgrowtharelargelytheworkofproteins.DivideGrowDivideProteinsProteinsProteinsNucleicacids:theinformationcarrierInformationformakingproteinsisstoredinnucleicacids.ProteinsNucleicacids(mainlyDNA)ThecentraldogmaTranscriptionProteinsNucleicacids(mainlyDNA)RNATranslationMolecularbiologystudies…Molecularmechanismsofeverystepinthecentraldogma.中心法則每一步的分子機(jī)理2.Whatshouldwelearn?MolecularmechanismsofDNAreplication,transcriptionandtranslation.DNA復(fù)制、轉(zhuǎn)錄和轉(zhuǎn)譯的分子機(jī)理。Molecularmechanismsoftranscriptionalandtranslationalregulation.轉(zhuǎn)錄與轉(zhuǎn)譯調(diào)控的分子機(jī)理。MolecularmechanismsofDNArecombinationandmutationrepairetc.DNA重組與突變修復(fù)等的分子機(jī)理。3.Howtolearn?Becausewehavesomanythingstolearn,itisveryeasytogetlostinthesedetails,andsobeforewebegintostudy,weneedsomeguidingprinciplestogiveasenseofordertomanyofthesedetails.因?yàn)槲覀冇羞@么多內(nèi)容要學(xué)，而一旦深入到細(xì)節(jié)中又很容易迷失方向，因此在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，我們需要一些指導(dǎo)原則來幫助梳理這些細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。Theguidingprinciples/指導(dǎo)原則1)Evolution/進(jìn)化2)Physics/物理學(xué)3)Availableresources

可利用資源1)Evolution/進(jìn)化Alllifeformsaretheproductofevolution.Life’scomplexityistheaccumulationofsmalladvantageouschangesoverlongperiodsoftime.所有生命形式都是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物。生命的復(fù)雜性是在漫長的時(shí)間里一點(diǎn)一滴地積累了小的有利變化的結(jié)果。2)Physics/物理學(xué)Likeallmatter,themoleculesthatmakelifearesubjecttothelawsofphysics.Cellneedstoobtainenergyfromitsenvironmenttokeepitsorder.像所有物質(zhì)一樣，組成生命的分子也服從物理學(xué)定律。細(xì)胞需要從環(huán)境中獲取能量來保持有序性。3)Availableresources/可利用的資源Cellsarelimitedbytheresourcesavailableintheirenvironments.Manycellularmechanismsareshapedbyaneedtobeefficient.細(xì)胞受到它們環(huán)境中可利用資源的限制。許多細(xì)胞機(jī)理是為了有效地使用資源而塑造出來的。Pleasedon’tcomplainabout

“toomanymechanisms”E.coli:“Ilikeusingglucose.YetIhaveonlylactosenow.Ihavetohavethemechanismforutilizing