中考英語時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)課件

完成時(shí)的分類010203現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。常見的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,live,

have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,

stay,teach,learn,study等(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,

這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,

arrive,leave,lose,join等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的影響，可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去。它的構(gòu)成是：主語+助動(dòng)詞(have/has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(done)。

Thestudentshavefinishedtheirhomework.Shehasworkedfor10hours.

Theyhavelivedherefor20years1.含義2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型構(gòu)成(1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)①

肯定句：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他Hehassleptforthreedays②否定句：主語+have/hasnot(haven't/hasn't)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

Hehasn’tsleptforthreedays③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他?Hashesleptforthreedays?Haveyouworkedfortwohours？

HaveyoubeentotheGreatWalltwice?(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)①

謂語動(dòng)詞的肯定形式:主語+have/hasbeendone+其他Shehasbeeninvitedtoparticipateinthecompetition.

②

謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：

主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他Shehasnotbeeninvited

toparticipateinthecompetition.③

一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他？Hasshebeeninvited

toparticipateinthecompetition?Hasn’tshebeeninvitedtoparticipateinthecompetition?Hasthisbookstorebeenclosedforthreemonths?④

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他？Whathasshebeeninvitedtodo?Whohasbeeninvitedtoparticipateinthecompetition?Whohasnotbeeninvitedtoparticipateinthecompetition?3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(1)

強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的行為對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響表示說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，常與already(肯定句,yet(否定,疑問,句末),just,bythistime,lately,recently,before等一些所指時(shí)間不具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。①

He

hasalreadyobtained

ascholarship.②

We

haveseen

thatfilmbefore.③

Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?④Ihavegainedweightrecently.(2)表示過去的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常以for+一段時(shí)間/since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作為時(shí)間狀語。①

Greatchangesineveryfieldhavetakenplace

inthelasttenyears.②Hehastaughtinthisprimaryschoolforfouryears.③

Hehaslivedheresincehecamehere.注意：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞不能使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（短暫性動(dòng)詞），而應(yīng)該使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

Shehaskeptthetableforthreemonths.Theoldladyhaslivedhereformorethantwentyyears.(3)表示經(jīng)歷過的事情表示過去的一種經(jīng)歷，這種經(jīng)歷不可能被埋沒或否定，常與often、never、ever、only、twice等時(shí)間狀語連用，可用howmanytimes提問。①

IhaveonlybeentotheGreatWallonce.

②

Haveyoueverbeentotheconcert?③－HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheWestLake？－IhavebeentotheWestLaketwice.have/hasgoneto與have/hasbeento

的區(qū)別have/hasgoneto表示“去而未歸”have/hasbeento表示“去過已經(jīng)回來了”。Itcan'tbeJohn.HehasgonetoChina.Johnknowsthewaywell.Hehasbeentothecitybefore.注意(4)完成時(shí)和untilnow，sofar，inthepastfewyears，uptothepresent/now等表示從某時(shí)到這段時(shí)間的狀語連用①

Ihavenotheardfromhersofar.②

Wehavelearnedfivehundredwordsuptothepresent.③

Theyhavebeentomanycitiesuptonow注意：當(dāng)意義明確時(shí)，適用完成時(shí)的句子可以不用時(shí)間狀語。①

Hehasdonealotofwork.②

Shehastoldmeaboutherstory.(5)完成時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中表示將來完成的動(dòng)作①

I'llgototheparty

assoonasIhavefinishedallmyhomework.②

Don'tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.★瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞可用完成時(shí)，但不可用在有for、since等表示時(shí)間段的狀語的肯定句中，否定句中可以這樣用。①

Ihaveseenherfortwoyears.(誤)②

Ihaven'tseenherfortwoyears.(對(duì))★瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，若句子中需要用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，通常把瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成與之對(duì)應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

①直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy→havecatchacold→haveacoldborrow→keepcome/go/become→be

②轉(zhuǎn)化為be+名詞jointhearmy→beasoilderjointheparty→beapartymember

gotoschool→beastudent③

轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die→bedead

finish→

beover

begin/start→beon

leave→beawayfallsleep→

beasleepclose→beclosedopen→beopen④.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語

gotoschool→beinschooljointhearmy→

beinthearmyHowlonghaveyoubought

thecar?(誤)Howlonghaveyouhadthecar?(對(duì))Hehasfallenillformorethanaweek.(誤)Hehasbeenillformorethanaweek.(對(duì))Theoldmanhasdiedfortwoyears.(誤)Theold

hasbeendeadfortwoyears.(對(duì))過去完成時(shí)(ThePastPerfectTense)：表示過去某一時(shí)間前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，對(duì)過去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，用來指在另一個(gè)過去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的事件。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果。

Whenhegotthere，thetrainhadalreadyleft.1.過去完成時(shí)的概念2.過去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定句：主語+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他(2)否定句：主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他(3)一般疑問句：Had+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他+?

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearned5000newwords.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadn’tlearned5000newwords.Bytheendoflastyear,hadwelearned5000newwords?(4)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+had+主語+過去分詞+其他+?Bytheendoflastyear,howmanynewwordshadwelearned?Bytheendoflastyear,whathadwelearned？(5)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+had(not)+been+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他,Bythetimewegottothebookstore,allthebookshadbeensoldout.(1)by(thetimeof)+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

“在......之前”Ihadfinishedreadingthenovel

bynineo'clocklastnight.Ihadmethimtwicebyyesterday.3.過去完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(2)Bythetimesb.+動(dòng)詞過去式

“當(dāng)......的時(shí)候，.......”ThebushadalreadyleftbythetimeIgotthere.Bythetimewereachedthetopofthemountain,allthetentshadbeenrentedout.(4)before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)“在......之前”

①

TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastFriday.

②

Ihadreceivedanemailbeforelastnight.(3)bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

“到…...結(jié)束時(shí)”①WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwords

bytheendoflastterm.②

Bytheendofthepartylastnight,

hehadalreadyfallenasleep.(5)狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如:“when”,“before”,“after”,“assoonas”,“till/until”引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句。①

WhenIwokeup,

ithadalreadystopped

raining.②

Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.③

Ihadbeen

atthebusstopfor20minutes

whenabusfinallycame.注意

如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含“before”和“after”的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)閺木涞膭?dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。

AfterhearrivedinEngland,

MaxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.

Sheclosedthedoorbefore

Jimspoke.4．過去完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻之前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”?？梢杂谩癰y”,“before”等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。①

Bynineo'clocklastnight,

wehadgot200picturesfrom

thespaceship.②

HehadknownaboutitbeforeItoldhimyesterday.在他到上海之前，我給他打過電話當(dāng)我到了寵物店的時(shí)候，很多貓咪已經(jīng)被收養(yǎng)了。IhadcalledhimbeforehearrivedinShanghaiWhenIgottothepetshop,manycatshadbeenadopted.(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和“for”,

“since”構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。①

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.②

Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun

forhalfanhour.③Byyesterday,shehadworkedinthisschoolfor30years.(3)過去完成時(shí)常常用在“told”,“said”,“knew”,“heard”,“thought”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。①Iheardthatshehadbeensenttothehospital.②

ShetoldmethatshehadpassedCET-4Hesaidthathehadreadthesetwobooks.IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.他說他已經(jīng)讀完這兩本書了。

我以為我一個(gè)星期前就把這封信寄出去了。(4)過去完成時(shí)還可用在“just/barely/hardly/scarcely…when…”,“nosooner…than…”(“剛……就……”或“不等……就……”),“Itwasthefirst

time(that)…”等固定句型中。(前兩個(gè)句型位于句首時(shí)，要進(jìn)行部分倒裝)①

Hardly

hadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.②

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.③

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.（5）“think”,”want”,

“hope”,“mean”,“plan”,“intend”

等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。

Theyhadwantedtohelpbuttheycouldnotgetthereintime.

Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.Ihadmeanttotakeyoutotheparty.5．語法區(qū)別(1)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對(duì)“now”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.

到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.

到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞。(2)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別①

時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。

Theyhadarrived

atthestationbytenyesterday.

Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.②

過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去，不單獨(dú)使用，一般和一般過去式一起使用。③

當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用“and”或“but”連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；

Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightand

readaneveningpaper.

另外，在“before”，“after”，“assoonas”引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。

Tinacame

afterhelefttheparty.將來完成時(shí)是用在表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。謂語動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)形式為:“shall/willhave+過去分詞”Pickmeupat8o'clock,Iwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.1.將來完成時(shí)的概念2．將來完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定句：主語+shall/will

+have+過去分詞+其他Ishall/willhavedoneitbeforeyoucomebacktomorrow.(2)否定句：主語+shall/will

+not+have+過去分詞+其他Ishall/willnothavedone

itbeforeyoucomebacktomorrow.(3)一般疑問句：Shall/Will+主語+have+過去分詞+其他?Shall/WillIhavedoneitbeforeyoucomebacktomorrow?(4)特殊疑問句：疑問詞+shall/will+主語+have+過去分詞+其他？Whatshall/willIhavedonebeforeyoucomebacktomorrow?3.將來完成時(shí)的用法(1)動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對(duì)動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。①

YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.②

Bythetimeyougethome,Iwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.③Weshall

havelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.(2)狀態(tài)已完成：表示某事持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài),并在將來完成。①

Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.②

WewillhavebeenmarriedayearonJune25th.(3)表示推測(cè)：相當(dāng)于"musthavedone"結(jié)構(gòu)。

Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.

Iamsurethathewillhavegottheinformation.TherewillhavebeenadefiniteresultbeforenextFriday.I'mafraidtheywillhavedonesobynow.(1)—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.

—Ithinkso.He

foritformonths.

A.ispreparing

B.waspreparing

C.hadbeenpreparing

D.hasbeenpreparing(2)Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealready

A.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen(3)Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy

goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.

A.hadconsidered

B.hasbeenconsidering

C.considered

D.isgoingtoconsiderDBD(4)Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.

A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhave

been

C.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehaveIbeen(5)Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock,I_____eightlessons.

A.wouldreview

B.shallreview

C.shallhavereviewed

D.shallbereviewing(6)Sofarthisyearwe

afallinhouseprices.

A.saw

B.see

C.hadseen

D.haveseenACD(7)Onhernextbirthday,Ann______marriedfortwentyyears.

A.is

B.hasbeen

C.willbe

D.willhavebeen(8)—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.

—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_______enoughforausedone.

A.willhavesaved

B.willbesaving

C.hassaved

D.saves(9)I_____900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.havelearnedCAC1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。謂語動(dòng)詞形式為:“have/hasbeen+V-ing”。Jackhasbeenfeelingverywellrecently.Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.2.基本句型(1)肯定句：主語+

have/has

+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分.(2)否定句：主語+haven’t/hasn‘t+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.(3)一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.(4)特殊疑問詞：疑問詞+have/has

+主語+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他Wehavebeenwaitingfor

Tomforhalfanhour.Howlonghavewewaitingfor

Tom?

3．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等時(shí)間狀語以及since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。①

TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.

中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史。②

IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.

三年以來我一直在學(xué)英語。③Hehasbeenrepairingthecarsince9a.m.

他從早上9點(diǎn)開始就一直在修車。(2)表示動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束。①M(fèi)yclothesareallwet.I’vebeenworkingintherain.②Heisdeaddrunk.He’sbeendrinkingwithherfriends.(3)表示近期內(nèi)時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表達(dá)較重的感情色彩①You’vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.②Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagzinessincehebecameateacher.③Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?④Timehasbeenflyingsoquikly!4．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性，

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒有。I'vebeenwritinganarticle.（還在寫）我一直在寫文章。I'vewrittenanarticle.

（已完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一篇文章。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但表示的結(jié)果不同。Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.

結(jié)果可能是：1)我們身上都是灰。2)表示教室剛剛打掃過。Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.

其結(jié)果是：1)現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。2)可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。(3).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)，

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately？(此句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意)Haveyoumetherlately？

(此句則沒有)(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingherworkregularly．(此句顯然是在表揚(yáng)瑪麗。)RecentlyMaryhasdoneherworkregularly．(此句只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)。)Who’sbeeneating

myapples?有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，有“蘋果未被吃光”的意思。Who’seatenmy

a