新教材高中外研版英語(yǔ)選擇性必修4學(xué)案Unit4SectionⅡUsinglanguage

SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1．________n.赤道2．________n.莊園3．________n.卡(路里)4．________adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)上周轉(zhuǎn)得開(kāi)的；不欠債的5．________adj.傳統(tǒng)的，常規(guī)的→________n．慣例；常規(guī)6．________v．不公正地區(qū)別對(duì)待，歧視→________n．歧視；不公平對(duì)待7．________adj.質(zhì)量上乘的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的→________n．優(yōu)越性；優(yōu)勢(shì)8．________adj.不濃烈的，淡的→________adv.輕微地；溫和地9．________adj.主觀的→________adj.客觀的10．________n．(高中或大學(xué)的)一年級(jí)學(xué)生→________adj.新鮮的11．________adj.(想法、決定等)合理的，基于理性的→________adj.不合邏輯的；沒(méi)有道理的12．________v．超過(guò)，超出→________adj.過(guò)度的；過(guò)分的→________adv.過(guò)度地；過(guò)分地13．________adj.財(cái)政的，金融的；財(cái)務(wù)的→________n．財(cái)政；金融14．________v．積累，積聚→________n．積累；聚積15．________adv.自動(dòng)地→________adj.自動(dòng)的16．________v．介入；干涉→________n．干涉，介入；干擾Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．________________使收支僅能相抵2．________________陷入債務(wù)之中，負(fù)債Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型在物美價(jià)廉的產(chǎn)品上多花一點(diǎn)錢(qián)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈抛约嘿?gòu)買(mǎi)這些產(chǎn)品將有助于改善當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦母＠?。________________________________________________________________________，believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproduceswillhelpimprovelocalpeople'swelfare.?第一版塊|重點(diǎn)詞匯詮釋1．makeendsmeet使收支僅能相抵；勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)含end的常用短語(yǔ)：endin...以……收?qǐng)?結(jié)束/告終endup最終處于；到頭來(lái)frombeginningtoend從頭到尾intheend最后；終于attheendof...在……末端/盡頭bytheendof...到……為止beatanend結(jié)束etoanend結(jié)束put/bringanendtosth.(＝put/bringsth.toanend)結(jié)束某事?Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.許多家庭都在努力維持生計(jì)。?Theirmarriageendedindivorce.他們的婚姻以離婚告終。?Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts.太多的(塑料袋)最后都掛到了樹(shù)枝上或落在了公路沿線，以至于越來(lái)越多的城市不允許在收銀臺(tái)使用它們。?Herstorywasapackofliesfrombeginningtoend.她的敘述從頭到尾都是謊話。?Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.值得慶幸的是，我設(shè)法完成了比賽，努力最終沒(méi)有白費(fèi)。?Workalwayspilesupattheendoftheyear.年底工作總是會(huì)積壓。?Youmustallhandinyourprojectsbytheendofnextweek.你們都必須在下周末前交出研究報(bào)告。?Thecasecametoanend/wasatanendatlast.這個(gè)案子終于完結(jié)了。[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子①Hetriedvariousjobsand________________(最后)becameamusician.②Everyonewishesthatthewarwould________________________(結(jié)束)soon.③Thefinaldecisionofthethreeimportantleadersofthecountry________________________(結(jié)束)thewar.④Atlast,theheadmaster'swords________________themeeting________________________(使……結(jié)束)．⑤Wedon'tneedtodoextraworkthisevening.Theday'sworkisalmost________________________(結(jié)束)now.⑥________________________________(到……為止)theholidayIhadspentallmymoney.⑦_(dá)_______________________________(在……末)the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.⑧________________________________(最后),theheadmasterrosetoindicatethattheconversationwas________________________(結(jié)束)．⑨Somestudentsevendon'tknowthatbyhelpingapartnercheatinatesttheymay________________(最終處于)withthesamepunishment.2．gointodebt陷入債務(wù)中，負(fù)債payoffadebt還債(指動(dòng)作)clearone'sdebt還清債務(wù)beindebt(tosb.)欠(某人的)債beinsb.'sdebt受某人的恩惠；欠某人的人情get/run/fallintodebt陷入債務(wù)之中be/getoutofdebt不欠債?Threeyearslater,heisstillpayingoffhisdebts.三年后，他仍在還他的債務(wù)。?I'minhisdebtforhishelp.對(duì)于他的幫助，我欠他一份人情。?Hewasalreadydeeplyindebt.他已經(jīng)負(fù)債累累。?Gettingoutofdebtmustbeplacedbeforebuyinganythingnew.必須先還清債務(wù)然后再置辦新物品。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)'mheavily________debtatthemoment,buthopetobe________ofdebtwhenIgetpaid.②Hemanagedtoclearhis________(debt)withintwoyears.?第二版塊|重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)(教材P41)TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople'swelfare.在物美價(jià)廉的產(chǎn)品上多花一點(diǎn)錢(qián)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈抛约嘿?gòu)買(mǎi)這些產(chǎn)品將有助于改善當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦母＠?。[句式分析]havenoproblem(in)doingsth.意為“做某事沒(méi)問(wèn)題/困難”，doing前的介詞in可省略。與該搭配類(lèi)似的表達(dá)還有havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.或havedifficulty/troublewithsth.，此時(shí)trouble和difficulty都是不可數(shù)名詞，其前可以用no，little，some，much等修飾。?Ihavelittledifficultyinmakingfriendswithyoungsters.我和年輕人交朋友沒(méi)什么困難。?HehadnotroublerepairingmyTV.他毫不費(fèi)力地修好了我的電視。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①EventodayIstillrememberthegreatdifficultyIhad________(learn)Englishinthevillage20yearsago.②Manyforeignershavetrouble________(adapt)toChinesefood.DiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——定語(yǔ)從句[新知導(dǎo)引]誦讀下列例句并感知畫(huà)線部分的共性1．ThisisthebikethatIlostlastweek.2．NormanBethunewasagreatmanwhogavehislifetohelptheChinesepeople.3．Allthechildrenliketheteacherswhocanunderstandthem.4．HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.5．Theywanttodevelopakindofdog-friendlyfoodwhichwillhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.6．Iknowthereasonwhyhedidn'te.7．IsawmygoodfriendinthesupmarketwhereIboughtaskirt.8．Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhemetherforthefirsttime.9．XiaoHua,whoismysister,hasgonetoShanghai.10．Asisknowntoall,theboyisverybrave.11．Thehouse,whoseroofisbroken,isunderrepair.[共性呈現(xiàn)]1．畫(huà)線部分均為定語(yǔ)從句。2．關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)(句1、2、3、4、5、9、10)。3．關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)(句6、7、8)。4．定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系較密切(句1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8)。5．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間關(guān)系較松散(句9、11)。6．有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞也可以代替一句話(句10)。[語(yǔ)法精釋]定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是指跟在一個(gè)名詞或代詞后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾限定的句子。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(先行詞)后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)。1．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所指代的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致，具體用法如下：(1)who，whom，that指代的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，其中whom為who的賓格，在從句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想見(jiàn)你的那個(gè)人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))(2)whose用來(lái)指人或物，只作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于先行詞的所有格。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那個(gè)人的車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。(whose＝theman's)(3)which，that所指代的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。Aperiodofprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了一段前所未有的繁榮時(shí)期。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿著的包快散了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞為when，where，why，指代的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，例如：Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？3．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N，以上所講的為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，其用法與限制性定語(yǔ)從句相似，不同之處主要在于以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代的可以是主句中的某個(gè)詞(名詞或形容詞)、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句。①which指代主句中的某個(gè)詞Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的，至今還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。②which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句Hesaidthathewasshortofmoney,whichwasnottrue.他說(shuō)他缺錢(qián)，這不是真的。(指代主句中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)③which指代整個(gè)主句Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletense,whichwasunderstandable.在這么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指代整個(gè)主句，有“正如……，就像……”之意。通常以asweallknow，asitisknown，asisknowntoall，asitis，asissaidabove等句式出現(xiàn)?？晌挥诰涫谆蚓淠?，也可置于句中。Asweallknow,regularmedicalexaminationwillhelpusfindouthealthproblemsasearlyaspossible.眾所周知，定期體檢會(huì)幫助我們盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)健康問(wèn)題。Heforgottobringhispenwithhim,aswasoftenthecase.他忘了帶筆，這是常事。[即學(xué)即練]一、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1．Amongthemanydangers________sailorshavetoface,thegreatestofallisfog.2．Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.3．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.4．IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________wasremended(推薦)bymyclassmates.5．Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.6．Hewasbornintheyear________thewarbrokeout.7．Thisisjusttheplace________Iamlookingforwardtovisitingtheseyears.8．Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.9．TheScottishgirl________fluencyonhertopicattractedmostofpeoplewonfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.10．Happinessoftenetothose________aregoodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.二、語(yǔ)法填空Forthefirsttimein94years,thePalaceMuseumhasextendeditsopeninghours,1.________allowsthepublictocelebratetheLanternFestivalatnightintheancientpalace.About3,000luckyvisitorsreceivedfreeticketsfromthegovernment,among2.________wasZhangZhifu,a77-year-oldpublicsecurityvolunteer.It'samarkofgratitudeforhisvoluntarywork.Toguaranteethesafetyofthepalace,festivalorganisers3.________plannedthisyear'sLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditionalpaperlanternsorredcandles.It'sa4.________(fascinate)eventforvisitorstoabsorbthemselvesinthefestiveatmosphereinthemuseum.SincehebecamedirectorofthePalaceMuseum,ShanJixianghasbroughtmanychangestotheworld's5.________(large)royalplex(綜合樓群).Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomake6.________(tradition)treasuresealiveagain.“7.________matterstoamuseumisnothowmanyvisitorsithas,buthowcloseitistopeople'sdailylives，”hesaid.單句語(yǔ)法填空A詞匯句式專(zhuān)練1．Itwillgetworsewithhuman________(interfere)．2．Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.3．Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keeping________mindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.4．Aswe________(accumulate)moredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.5．Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotrouble________(answer)thesequestions.B語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練1．Donotfollowthepeople________makeyoufeelnot-good-enough.2．Here'sahandfulofways________willsetyouintherightdirection.3．InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.4．ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,________isaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.5．Dr.Rowan,________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.6．Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,________mykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.7．Manyle