統(tǒng)考版2023高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題三完形填空-先完義再完形第二講瞻前顧后-穩(wěn)蠕內(nèi)句組層次題教師用書

第二講瞻前顧后——穩(wěn)取句內(nèi)、句組層次題一、5大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息憑借語感即可順利選出答案。對(duì)于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原。方法1利用習(xí)慣搭配和固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題【典例】[2022·全國甲卷]Thenextweekwe47.walkedourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour__48__，Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso49.soon?48．A.breathB．balanceC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．imagination解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Itwasahotday”可知，作者和史蒂夫停下來喘口氣(catchone'sbreath)。由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。自主解答：________方法2利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。【典例】[2022·全國乙卷]However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42.badathiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies__43__.43．A.exposedB．examinedC．untouchedD．imbalanced解析：本題可以利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題。由生活常識(shí)及“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands，”可推斷，小朋友在捉迷藏時(shí)只用手蓋住他們自己的眼睛，身體其他部分還都暴露在外，沒有藏好。自主解答：________方法3利用對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法解題完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個(gè)成分之間形成一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。【典例】[2022·全國乙卷]Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47.childsatdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.ears.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould__49__orheartheadult.49．A.seeB．helpC．reachD．fool解析：本題可以利用對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法解題。Wethenaskedthechildifshecould__49__動(dòng)詞or并列連詞hear動(dòng)詞theadult.從上述分析可以看出，第49題與hear形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。因?yàn)橛衞r這一并列連詞，且上句中的“eyes”與此空“see”相呼應(yīng)，“hear”與上句中的48空“ears”相呼應(yīng)，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。自主解答：________方法4利用邏輯關(guān)系解題此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語；二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系?！镜淅縖2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44.uncomfortable,__andhiscryingletthewholecampgroundknowit.So__45__tyinghimup,Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.45．A.duetoB．insteadofC．a(chǎn)partfromD．a(chǎn)sfor解析：本題可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。前文說作者給15個(gè)月大的孩子系上繩子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。特別有連詞so表示因果關(guān)系，空后表達(dá)作者只能緊盯著孩子，不再(insteadof)用繩子拴著他。自主解答：________方法5利用語境暗示分析法解題上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通常可以通過上下文語境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案?！镜淅縖2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe47.headed__off,__butstormsmovedinfastinthemountains,andthisonequickly__48__ourpeacefulmorningtrip.48．A.arrangedB．interruptedC．completedD．recorded解析：本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文中的stormsmoveinfastinthemountains可推知，這里指突如其來的暴風(fēng)雨打斷了作者一家平靜的旅途。自主解答：________二、4大技巧穩(wěn)抓句組層次題句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級(jí)的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需瞻前顧后，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。技巧1利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。1．原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【典例】[2022·全國乙卷]Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each__47__satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.ears.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49.seeorheartheadult.47．A.parentB．childC．researcherD．doctor解析：本題可以利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)“Webroughtyoungchildren...”及本空下一句中“thechild”的提示可推斷，此處跟成年人坐在一起的是受邀參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的每一位兒童。自主解答：________2．同義復(fù)現(xiàn)【典例】[2021·3月天津卷]Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot__16__whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead.16．A.amazedB．madC．curiousD．frightened解析：本題可以利用同義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)下文的“Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration”可知，此空處和“anger”“frustration”是同義詞，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。自主解答：________3．反義復(fù)現(xiàn)【典例】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Our48.rolesinthefactoryweresimple：Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49.Removebunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas__50__thanitsounds.51.Slow__downabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight，itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'd52.expected.50．A.harderB．betterC．longerD．cheaper解析：本題可以利用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。盡管上文提到了“Our48.rolesinthefactoryweresimple”，但根據(jù)下文中的“thecakespileup”“alittlemorehigh-pressure”可知，作者想表達(dá)實(shí)際上作者他們的工作并不像聽上去那么簡單，harder與simple構(gòu)成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。自主解答：________4．代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【典例】[2016·全國Ⅰ卷]Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman56.backed__offandletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe__57__ifhewasneededor58.freetogo.Theylethimandtheothermango.57．A.womanB．policeC．manD．driver解析：本題可以利用代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)語境和下文中的“They”可知，拉里問是否還需要他，問的對(duì)象肯定是這些急救人員。下文中的代詞“They”是復(fù)數(shù)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有police是集合名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)，也符合常識(shí)。自主解答：________技巧2利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。【典例】[2022·全國甲卷]Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their__41__wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.41．A.ownershipB．membershipC．companionshipD．leadership解析：本題可以利用作者的態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題。根據(jù)“enjoyedlivingwithmydogs”可知，作者喜歡和兩只寵物狗一起生活，兩只狗的陪伴能讓作者避免孤單。自主解答：________技巧3利用邏輯關(guān)系解題在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法?！镜淅?】[2021·天津卷3月]Inadditionto31.practicalskills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.__32__，thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.32．A.OtherwiseB．HoweverC．SomehowD．Meanwhile解析：本題考查連接詞，可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示與此同時(shí)，孩子們也獲得了成就感。otherwise“否則，不然”；however“但是”；somehow“以某種方式”；meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”。自主解答：________【典例2】[2022·全國乙卷]Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44.interpretedasevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour__45__researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46.contradictedthatidea.45．A.disappointingB．mixedC．surprisingD．desired解析：本題可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)本句中But提示語義轉(zhuǎn)折可知，這種無效的隱藏方法被認(rèn)為(interpreted)是兒童是一種完全“以自我為中心”的人的證據(jù)，但是我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)反駁(contradicted)了那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故推測研究結(jié)果是“令人驚奇的”。自主解答：________技巧4利用語境暗示分析法解題在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。【典例1】[2021·全國甲卷]Burchillwas41.stayingatthehotelonbusinessandplanningto42.visitsomefriendsinthearea.Theyhadaskedhimto43.bringsomepepperoni(辣香腸)frombackeast.Sohe__44__asuitcasefullofpepperoni.44．A.filledB．lockedC．a(chǎn)bandonedD．lost解析：本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)上文“Theyhadaskedhimto43.bringsomepepperoni(辣香腸)frombackeast”，可推知Burchill應(yīng)該是裝了一手提箱的辣香腸帶給朋友。自主解答：________【典例2】[2022·浙江卷1月]Ms.Burdeyneytalkedtosomefriendswhohad39.similarproblemsanddiscoveredthattheywerelargelysufferingin__40__.“Nobodychoosestotalkaboutitbecauseitseemsso41.insignificant，”shesaid.“Butmoreandmorearesufferingandlivesarebeing42.compromised.”40．A.turnB．peaceC．vainD．silence解析：本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文的“‘Nobodychoosestotalkaboutit’”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)他們很大程度上都一聲不吭地受著折磨。自主解答：________練重點(diǎn)練難點(diǎn)·創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)Test1[2022·昆明市高三摸底診斷測試]I'veneverbeenthebiggestfanofmusicals.Theyoftenseemed__1__tome,andIwouldconstantly__2__thetimewhilewatchingone.Sowhenmyfriendsuggestedthatwegotoseethe__3__You'reaGoodMan,CharlieBrownlastweekend,Iwasn'tparticularly__4__.IfiguredIwasaboutto__5__thefamiliarcycleofhalf-heartedattentiontotheplotandcharacters,__6__myphoneduringtheperformance.Withnothingelsetodo,Ifinally__7__togowithhim—itwassomethingtogetmeoutofthehouse.Shortlyafterthemusicalbegan,CharlieBrowntookthe__8__，sittingdownwithasandwich.Atthebeginning,hewasportrayed(描繪)asa(n)__9__boywithnobodyeatingwithhimduringlunches.Thenhe__10__agirlalsohavinglunchaloneanddecidedtogooverandstarta__11__.Butquicklyhegotintoa__12__ofover-thinkingthatthegirlmighthardlylookathim.Astheperformance__13__，IwasshockedtoseeCharlie'scourageandthepairchatting__14__.OneofmyfavoritesceneswasthatCharliesangasongfeelingsorryforhis__15__oftalent.Butherealizedthatdespitethis,hewasstill“the__16__andremarkableCharlieBrown”.“I'mME！”he__17__declared.Weoftenassessourselvesbyourachievementsratherthan__18__ourbasicworthasindividuals.However,everybodylovesCharlieBrownbecauseheisCharlieBrown—theclumsyself-doubting,insecure,butlovablefour-year-old.ToseeCharlie__19__himselfwaseye-opening.Actually,musicalsaren'talwaysso__20__.1．A.dullB．frighteningC．educationalD．a(chǎn)ttractive2．A.forgetB．ignoreC．checkD．save3．A.exhibitionB．dramaC．movieD．musical4．A.annoyedB．excitedC．touchedD．upset5．A.analyzeB．designC．repeatD．a(chǎn)djust6．A.glancingatB．lookingforC．puttingawayD．turningoff7．A.continuedB．beggedC．a(chǎn)greedD．volunteered8．A.busB．stageC．computerD．path9．A.smartB．braveC．honestD．lonely10．A.rememberedB．spottedC．heardD．described11．A.researchB．projectC．talkD．story12．A.panicB．formC．habitD．trap13．A.changedB．progressedC．delayedD．paused14．A.nervouslyB．coldlyC．casuallyD．merrily15．A.lackB．developmentC．viewD．discovery16．A.quietB．uniqueC．patientD．generous17．A.disappointedlyB．directlyC．modestlyD．proudly18．A.overlookB．denyC．recognizeD．doubt19．A.acceptB．praiseC．questionD．blame20．A.wonderfulB．positiveC．crazyD．bad[答題區(qū)]1～5__________6～10__________11～15__________16～20__________Test2[2022·西安五校高三聯(lián)考]WhenIleftacompanyandstartedmyownbusiness,IthoughtIhaditallfiguredout.WhenImadethedecisiontochangemy__1__andgetfit,IthoughtIwasontherighttrack.AndwhenIpurchasedasecondbusiness,IassumedIwasdoingtherightthing.__2__neveroccurredtome.Iwasallaboutmakingthingshappen.Duringthenextthreeyears,Iwas__3__withwork.ButthebusierIgot,thelessI__4__toaccomplish.Ievenfeltemotionallyandphysically__5__.WhenIvisitedthedoctor,IwasdiagnosedwithGraves'disease,adisorderwith__6__likephysicalanxiety,tiredness,etc.Dr.Joyadvisedmetodosome__7__onGraves'diseaseandslowdownalittle.Followingthedoctor'sadvice,IsurfedtheInternetandlearnedGraves'diseaseisoftencausedand__8__bystress.“Howisyourstresslevel？”Iaskedmyself.Thefollowingday,the__9__resurfacedwhenIcameacrossanoldfriend.Afterexchanging__10__，Cindysaid,“You'vetakenonalot.You'dbetterslowdownandrelaxyourself.”Ismiled.“Ihaveto__11__thatsomeofthoseprojectsI'mjuggling(盡量兼顧)arestartingtoget__12__.”“So,stopjugglingandputsomething__13__.It'sOKtotellpeople‘no’．”Withthesewords,shewentaway.IwrotedowneverythingIwasjuggling.MycalendarwassofilledwithdutiesthatI__14__hadtimetorelax.Iexaminedthe__15__.ItwasclearthatIdidn'twanttodoitall.SoI__16__tohavewhitespaceonmyschedule.I__17__usinganorangehighlightertomarkouttimeformyselfto__18__andfocusonwhatwasimportant.I'velearnedtobe__19__tomyself.EverydayIspendsometimealonedoingsomethinginterestingto__20__myself,whichplaysabigpartinmywell-being.,1．A.announcementB．routineC．lifestyleD．choice2．A.SpeedingupB．SlowingdownC．ShowingoffD．Calmingdown3．A.carefulB．satisfiedC．familiarD．occupied4．A.seemedB．happenedC．failedD．refused5．A.inspiredB．frightenedC．exhaustedD．confused6．A.symptomsB．picturesC．treatsD．secrets7．A.reflectingB．cleaningC．schedulingD．reading8．A.endangeredB．worsenedC．threatenedD．fastened9．A.businessB．dilemmaC．a(chǎn)dviceD．disease10．A.remarksB．hellosC．presentsD．cards11．A.judgeB．goC．tryD．a(chǎn)dmit12．A.heavyB．productiveC．meaningfulD．fancy13．A.acrossB．upC．downD．through14．A.luckilyB．hardlyC．hopefullyD．regularly15．A.bookB．situationC．formD．list16．A.decidedB．promisedC．continuedD．hesitated17．A.avoidedB．hatedC．startedD．recommended18．A.relaxB．exploreC．workD．socialize19．A.trueB．honestC．openD．kind20．A.persuadeB．a(chǎn)museC．knowD．teach[答題區(qū)]1～5__________6～10__________11～15__________16～20__________第二講瞻前顧后——穩(wěn)取句內(nèi)、句組層次題一、方法1答案：A方法2答案：A方法3答案：A方法4答案：B方法5答案：B二、技巧11．答案：B2．答案：B3．答案：A4．答案：B技巧2答案：C技巧3答案：典例1D典例2C技巧4答案：典例1A典例2D練重點(diǎn)練難點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)Test1語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個(gè)人經(jīng)歷——觀看音樂劇有感【語篇解讀】作者一開始對(duì)音樂劇不太感興趣。上周末，作者無事可做便答應(yīng)朋友一起去看音樂劇。音樂劇講述了四歲的男孩CharlieBrown很孤獨(dú)，沒有人和他一起吃午餐。他想和同樣獨(dú)自吃飯的小女孩一起吃飯，但又有點(diǎn)兒不自信。最終，Charlie鼓起勇氣和小女孩共進(jìn)午餐，并相談甚歡。盡管他沒有天賦，但他勇敢地接受了自己。作者覺得，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該勇敢做自己。最后作者覺得音樂劇也沒有那么糟糕。1．答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文中的“familiarcycleofhalf-heartedattentiontotheplotandcharacters”可以看出，作者在看音樂劇時(shí)心不在焉，由此可以判斷，作者覺得音樂劇是枯燥無味的。2．答案與解析：C根據(jù)語境和常識(shí)可知，作者覺得音樂劇枯燥無味，因此，會(huì)在觀看時(shí)不時(shí)地看時(shí)間。3．答案與解析：D根據(jù)第三段首句的“Shortlyafterthemusicalbegan”可知，作者的朋友上周末邀請(qǐng)他去看音樂劇。4．答案與解析：B結(jié)合上文作者對(duì)音樂劇的態(tài)度可以判斷，對(duì)于觀看音樂劇這樣的邀請(qǐng)，作者并不興奮。5．答案與解析：C結(jié)合作者對(duì)音樂劇的態(tài)度和看音樂劇時(shí)的表現(xiàn)可以判斷，作者害怕重復(fù)心不在焉的循環(huán)。6．答案與解析：A結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)可知，作者覺得音樂劇枯燥無味，因此，此處應(yīng)指在看劇的同時(shí)看手機(jī)。7．答案與解析：C根據(jù)上文的“Withnothingelsetodo”、下文中的“itwassomethingtogetmeoutofthehouse”和下文敘述可知，作者百無聊賴又想出門，最終同意與朋友一起去。8．答案與解析：B音樂劇的劇名為You'reaGoodMan,CharlieBrown，結(jié)合空前的“Shortlyafterthemusicalbegan”可知，此處表示主人公CharlieBrown登臺(tái)了。9．答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文中的“withnobodyeatingwithhimduringlunches”可知，CharlieBrown被描繪成了一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的小男孩。10．答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文中的“agirlalsohavinglunchaloneanddecidedtogoover”和常識(shí)可知，CharlieBrown看到了一個(gè)獨(dú)自吃飯的女孩。11．答案與解析：C結(jié)合下文中的“thepairchatting”和常識(shí)可知，孤獨(dú)的小男孩Charlie想要找人聊天。12．答案與解析：A根據(jù)空后的“over-thinkingthatthegirlmighthardlylookathim”可知，Charlie害怕小女孩也許壓根沒看見他。13．答案與解析：B根據(jù)空后的“Iwasshocked...thepairchatting”可知，隨著劇情的發(fā)展，Charlie鼓起了勇氣，二人相談甚歡。14．答案與解析：D參見上題解析。15．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文中的“feelingsorryfor”和語境可以看出，Charlie應(yīng)是為自己缺乏天賦而感到難過。16．答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文中的“I'mME！”可以看出，盡管Charlie沒有天賦，但他仍然覺得自己是獨(dú)一無二、非同凡響的。17．答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文“I'mME！”中大寫的“ME”和感嘆的語氣可以推斷，Charlie為自己感到驕傲。18．答案與解析：C結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)可知，我們經(jīng)常以我們的成就來評(píng)價(jià)自己，而不是承認(rèn)我們作為個(gè)體的基本價(jià)值。19．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文中的“herealizedthat...‘the__16__andremarkableCharlieBrown’”可知，Charlie接受了自己。20．答案與解析：D根據(jù)全文故事可知，通過觀看這部音樂劇，作者改變了自己對(duì)音樂劇的看法。原來，音樂劇也沒有那么糟糕。Test2語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個(gè)人經(jīng)歷——?jiǎng)谝萁Y(jié)合【語篇解讀】作者自主創(chuàng)業(yè)后，