系統(tǒng)解剖學緒論、骨學

AihuaPanDept.ofAnatomy&Neurobiology,XiangyaSchoolofMedicine,CSUEmail:panaihuia@QQ：1102975195系統(tǒng)解剖學IntroductionofHumanAnatomy&OsteologyAesculapiusWHOHygeiaOUTLINEIntroductionofHumanAnatomyWhatisHumanAnatomyTheclassificationofhumananatomyThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyAimsofthestudyHowtostudyAnatomicaltermsOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteology

II.Thestructureofbones

III.Chemicalcomposition

IV.Developmentofthebones

V.FunctionsofthebonesIntroductionofHumanAnatomyI.WhatishumananatomyHumananatomyisthesciencewhichdealswiththemorphologyandspecialinterrelationsofthestructureofthehumanbody.AtomsMoleculeSmoothmusclecellStomachDigestivesystemHumanbodyChemistryCellbiologyHistologyHumananatomyChemicallevelCellularlevelTissuelevelOrganlevelSystemlevelOrganismallevelSmoothmuscletissueBiochemistryII.ThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyIII.TheclassificationofhumananatomySystematicAnatomyRegionalAnatomySectionalAnatomyDigitalAnatomyFunctionalAnatomyHistologyCytologyEmbryologyMacro-anatomyMicro-anatomy①Locomotor②Alimentary③Respiratory④Urinary⑤Genital⑥Circulatory⑦Endocrine⑧Sensory⑨Nervous1.Systematicanatomy2.Regionalanatomy①HeadandNeck②Thorax③Abdomen④Pelvis⑤Perineum⑥LimbsBackandvertebralregion3.SectionalanatomyAnatomyCTMRI4.Digitalanatomy中國男、女虛擬人（虛擬人Ⅰ，Ⅱ號

）5.Functionalanatomy6.Histology7.Cytology8.Embryology千奇百怪的人體畸形OutlineIV.AimsofthestudyTounderstandthenormalmorphologicalstructure,positionandadjacency,growthanddevelopmentpatternofhumanorgansandsystems,providingbasicknowledgeonlearningpre-clinicandclinicalmedicinecourses.解剖學的地位恩格斯:“沒有解剖學就沒有醫(yī)學”討論：有人說中醫(yī)無解剖，照此推論，中醫(yī)難道就不是醫(yī)學？孔子曰：“未知生，焉知死”。只有實現(xiàn)生命價值的人，才能真正懂得死亡的意義。相對其他自然科學以客觀為對象，醫(yī)學則是研究人類自身的學問。生命現(xiàn)象的認識過程是循序漸進的，由整體到部分；由宏觀到微觀；由個體到群體；由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)。醫(yī)學教育的過程是“不知死，焉知生”。解剖學教學對于每個醫(yī)學生而言，是窺探并正式進入醫(yī)學圣殿的第一步。V.HowtostudyHumananatomyisapracticalscience.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetothepractice,aswellasclinicalcorrelation.UppsalaUniversity(1477)SwedenTheAnatomyLessonofDr.NicolaesTulp），畫家倫勃朗（1606—1669）VI.Anatomicalterms

1.AnatomicalPositionErectpositionFacePalmsToesforward前anterior后Posterior上superior下inferior顱側(cè)cranial尾側(cè)caudal近側(cè)Proximal遠側(cè)distal橈側(cè)radial尺側(cè)ulnar腓側(cè)fibular脛側(cè)tibia腹側(cè)ventral背側(cè)dorsal2.Termsofthedirection內(nèi)Internal外External淺superficial深profound1234A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.Distal2.A.Anterior

B.SuperiorC.Proximal3.A.MedialB.InferiorC.VentralA.Superior

B.InferiorC.LeftChoices1.A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.Head2.A.Inferior

B.Lateral

C.RadialA.Internal

B.Superior

C.Medial4.A.Superior

B.Inferior

C.RightA.AnteriorB.Proximal

C.Inferior12③453

Choices3.Axisandplanes①Axis②PlanesSagittalCoronalHorizontalVerticalSagittalCoronalDorsalCranialcavityVentralcanalVentralThoraciccavityAbdominalcavityBodyCavitiesLocomotorsystem

bonearticulationmuscleleveragepivotofmovementpower

provider重點effort支點支點重點力點resistancefulcrumeffortresistancefulcrumOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteologyAxialskeletonAppendicularskeleton1.Boneisanorgan

PropershapeCharacteristicfunctionsOwnbloodandnervesupplyMetabolismandplasticity

2.Theshapeandclassification

Longbones:Ashaft;AcavityandtwoextremitiesShortbones:AcuboidFlatbones:TwolayersofcompactbonewithspongyIrregularbonesII.Thestructureofbones1.BonySubstanceCompact:resistingstressesandbendingSp