中考語法專項復(fù)習非謂語動詞

十、非謂語動詞考點概覽考查角度考查頻次動詞不定式動詞不定式的構(gòu)成及特征;動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語的用法★★★★★動名詞動名詞的構(gòu)成及特征;動名詞的基本用法★★★分詞分詞的構(gòu)成;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的語法功能及用法區(qū)別★★考點一動詞不定式

【考點探究】Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided

.A.togoout

B.nottogooutC.tonotgoout D.notgoingout【用法表解】

動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語,我們主要掌握不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語的用法。功能說明主語動詞不定式作主語時?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為用it作形式主語表語多數(shù)情況下,動詞不定式作表語,可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語賓語只能作某些動詞的賓語,一般不作介詞的賓語功能說明賓語補足語在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役動詞后,不定式省略to定語不定式作定語,要放在所修飾詞的后面狀語不定式作狀語,其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致【溫馨提示】有些動詞后接不定式時通常省略to:feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have(簡記為一感一聽三看三讓)。上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后,其后的不定式必須補上“to”。①Tomhelpedhisbrother(to)learntoswim.湯姆幫他的弟弟學習游泳。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài):HisbrotherwashelpedtolearntoswimbyTom.②WeoftenhearJacksingEnglishsongs.我們常聽見杰克唱英文歌。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài):JackisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongs.【巧學妙記】只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞(詞組)決心學會有希望(decide/determine,learn,wish/hope),同意計劃莫假裝(agree,plan,pretend),膽敢拒絕會失敗(dare,refuse,fail),準備設(shè)法來幫忙(prepare,try/manage,help),提供請求負擔起(offer,beg/demand,afford),答應(yīng)安排理應(yīng)當(promise,arrange,besupposed),以上后跟不定式,勸君牢記永不忘。考點二動名詞

【考點探究】—Timplayedtheguitarverywellintheschooltalentshow.—Ithinkso.Hepractices

iteveryday.A.play

B.playing

C.toplay

D.plays【用法表解】動名詞相當于名詞、形容詞,可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃太多對你的健康有害處。謂語動詞用單數(shù)賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜歡打籃球。表示習慣性的動作Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是用來寄信的。功能例句說明表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的愛好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下可轉(zhuǎn)換為動名詞作主語定語Billisinthereadingroom.比爾在閱覽室里。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等【巧學妙記】后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞(詞組)喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)習慣(beusedto)卻完畢(finish)想要(feellike)花費(spend)去練習(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)還介意(mind)后接動詞-ingMygrandfatherkepttellingjokesandIcouldn’thelplaughing.爺爺不停地講笑話,我忍不住笑了?！緶剀疤崾尽坎糠謩釉~既可接動名詞作賓語,又可接不定式作賓語,兩者意義區(qū)別較大。rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘了做過某事forgettodosth.忘了去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事（被動含義）needtodosth.需要去做某事（主動含義）trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事hear/seesb.doingsth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.聽見/看見某人做了某事考點三分詞

【考點探究】1.WhenIpassedtheclassroom,Iheardagirl

init.A.sing

B.tosing

C.sang

D.singing2.Whenhearrivedattheoffice,hefoundalltheworkers

.A.working B.workC.toworkD.worked【用法表解】1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞+-ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”,但也有不規(guī)則的形式。功能說明例句定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,其邏輯主語就是所修飾的詞;過去分詞作定語,其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞①Doyouknowtheboyplayingfootball?你認識踢足球的那個男孩嗎?②Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.請交上你的書面練習。狀語分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語①Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.學生們談笑著走出了教室。②Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.從小山上看,我們的學校顯得更美麗了。2.分詞的句法功能功能說明例句表語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征;過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)①Thenewsisexciting.這個消息令人興奮。②I’minterestedinthebook.我對這本書感興趣。補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語,被修飾的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動關(guān)系);過去分詞作補足語,被修飾的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動關(guān)系)①Don’tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.別讓我等很長時間。②Ihadmyhaircutlastnight.昨天晚上我理發(fā)了。Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空1.(2013·安順中考)Whynot

(bring)yourcousinwithyoutovisitthemuseum?2.(2013·安順中考)Anewplanbegan

(form)inhermind.3.(2013·白銀中考)Beconfidentof

(pass)theexam.答案:1.bring

2.toform

3.passing

4.(2012·泰州中考)TheOBISdoctoristrainingthelocaldoctorshow

(deal)withtheblindness.5.(2012·崇左中考)Sometimeshespendshisweekend

(fish).答案:4.todeal5.fishingⅡ.單項選擇1.(2013·湛江中考)—Whynot

totheparknow?—Goodidea!Let’sgo.A.go

B.togo

C.goes

D.going【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意:——現(xiàn)在為什么不去公園?——好主意!讓我們?nèi)グ?。whynot后跟動詞原形。故選A。2.(2013·廣州中考)Ialwaystellmystudents

ontheroadbecauseit’sreallydangerous.A.nottoplay B.toplaynotC.notplaying

D.notplay【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞。不定式作tell的賓語補足語,構(gòu)成tellsb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。對不定式進行否定在to前加not,即tellsb.nottodosth.。故選A。3.(2013·蘇州中考)Paulmadeanicecage

thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keep B.keptC.keeping D.tokeep【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞用法。句意:保羅做了一個漂亮的籠子來飼養(yǎng)那只生病的小鳥,直到它會飛。此處非謂語動詞作狀語,表示目的,故用不定式。故選D。4.(2012·徐州中考)—Whynot

Johnatoycarforhisbirthday?—Goodidea!Heiscrazyaboutcars.A.buy B.buying C.tobuy D.buys【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動詞。whynotdosth.“為什么不做某事”。故選A。5.(2012·鹽城中考)—IsTomi