第5章 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)生理

Physiologyofthenervoussystem

DepartmentofAnesthesiologyTangYan-fengLearningcontent:

Keywordsofthewholechapter

ThesensorysystemKeyWords:nervoussystem（NS）

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)centralnervoussystem(CNS)

中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Thebasicfunctionofthenervoussystemisthetransmissionofinformation.P47EEG

（electroencephalogram）

腦電圖pathology

病理學(xué)KnowthecharacteristicchangesintheEEGinconditionofanaesthesiaandotherpresenceofpathology.

P47spinalcord

脊髓

Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)comprisesthebrainandspinalcord.

p48intracellular

細(xì)胞內(nèi)的permeability

通透性，滲透性Theintracellularenvironmentiscontrolledbycellmembraneswhichexhibitselectivepermeabilitybyvirtueofchannelsorporesinthemembrane.p48細(xì)胞內(nèi)環(huán)境是由具有選擇性通透性的細(xì)胞膜來(lái)控制的，這種選擇性通透性是通過(guò)細(xì)胞膜上存在的通道或者孔來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。phospholipid

磷脂Phospholipidformsthemajorpartofthecellmembrane.p48electrochemicalgradient

電化學(xué)梯度p48Electrochemicalgradientisameasureoftheforcedrivingaspecificionintooroutofthecell.電化學(xué)梯度是用來(lái)衡量驅(qū)動(dòng)某一特定離子進(jìn)出細(xì)胞力量大小的。actionpotential動(dòng)作電位Thepassageofastimulatingcurrenttothisnerveaxonproducesfirstastimulusartefactandthenanactionpotential.p48stimulusartefact刺激偽跡thresholdstimulus

閾刺激Theleaststimulusstrengthrequiredtoproduceanactionpotentialistermedthethresholdstimulus.

p48chronicpain

慢性疼痛multiplesclerosis

多發(fā)硬化bladderdysfunction

膀胱功能障礙p49Thisisthebasisofexperimentalspinalcordstimulationtechniquesinthetreatmentofconditionssuchaschronicpain,andinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisandbladderdysfunction.p49這就是用于治療慢性疼痛、多發(fā)硬化以及膀胱功能障礙的實(shí)驗(yàn)性脊髓刺激技術(shù)的研究基礎(chǔ)。synapse

p49

突觸Asynapseoccurswherethemembranesoftwoexcitablecellsarecloselyapposed（并列）toallowtransmissionofinformation.presynapticmembranesynapticcleftpostsynapticmembrane

突觸存在于兩個(gè)排列緊密的可興奮細(xì)胞之間，用來(lái)傳遞信息。PresynapticmembraneSynapticcleftPostsynapticmembraneNeurotransmitters

areofthreemaintypes(aminoacids,monoamines

and

peptides)whicharepresentinwidelydifferingconcentrations(濃度).

p49ligand

配體，配基

Areceptorisanintegralmembraneproteinwhichisrecognizedselectivelybyaprecisehormoneorneurotransmittertermeda

ligand

.p49agonistantagonist

p50

激動(dòng)劑拮抗劑Aligandisanagonistifitactivatesareceptortotransducearesponse,oranantagonistwhenthesubstance（物質(zhì)）interactswithareceptorcausingittoremaininactiveand,byoccupyingthereceptor,diminishesorabortstheeffectofanagonist.使減少使變小使終止Autonomicpathwayscompriseofthesympatheticsystemandtheparasympatheticsystem.

交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)p51cerebrospinalfluid

(CSF)

腦脊液CSFisformedbysecretorycellsofthechoroidsplexuswhichprojectintothelateralandthirdventricles.p53脈絡(luò)叢subarachnoidspace

蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔thesubarachnoidspacearoundthebrainandspinalcord.p53endogenousexogenous

內(nèi)源的外源的endogenousopioids

內(nèi)源性阿片類藥物Minimumalveolarconcentration(MAC)

最低肺泡有效濃度oil/gaspartitioncoefficient

油氣分配系數(shù)p54

sodiumNapostassiumKcalciumCaAnaestheticagentshavevariableeffectsonsodium,postassiumandcalciumchannelsandthereissomecorrelationbetweenlipid-solubility（脂溶性）andsodiumblockingability.p55Anaestheticagentshavevariableeffectsonsodium,postassiumandcalciumchannelsandthereissomecorrelationbetweenlipid-solubility（脂溶性）andsodiumblockingability.麻醉劑對(duì)鈉、鉀、鈣通道產(chǎn)生不同的影響，并且其脂溶性與鈉阻滯能力有關(guān)。Testyourmemory!nervoussystem（NS）centralnervoussystem(CNS)EEGelectroencephalogrampathologyspinalcordintracellularpermeabilityphospholipidelectrochemicalgradientactionpotentialagonistantagonistsympatheticsystemparasympatheticsystemcerebrospinalfluid(CSF)subarachnoidspaceendogenous

exogenousMACoil/gaspartitioncoefficientsodiumpostassiumcalciumChoicequestions:1.What’sameasureoftheforcedrivingaspecificionintooroutofthecell?

a:anelectraldifferenceb:thechemicalgradientc:electrochemicalgradient2.Theleaststimulusstrengthrequiredtoproduceanactionpotentialisnamed

. a:thestimulusartefactb:thethresholdstimulusc:thesuprastimulusd:thesubstimulus3.Thearrivalofanactionpotentialleadsto

oftheterminalmembrane.a:polarizationb:depolarizationc:repolarizationd:hyperpolarization4.Ifaligandactivatesamembranereceptortotransducearesponse,it’scalled

.a:anantagonist b:aninhibitorymediatorc:anagonist d:anexcitorymediator5.ThereisanincreaseinCSFvolumeintheconditionsof

.

a:highICP（intracranialpressure顱內(nèi)壓）b:bulbarpalsy（球麻痹，延髓麻痹）c:cerebralatrophy（腦萎縮）d:lumbartumour（腰部腫瘤）Thesensorysystem

Peripheral（外周的）receptorexistinexcitabletissues.Skinreceptorsappreciatetouch,cold,warmthandpain,anddeeperreceptorsappreciatepressureand

proprioception.

p50proprioception

n.[生理]本體感受外周受體存在于可興奮組織。皮膚內(nèi)的受體承擔(dān)四種感覺(jué)即觸覺(jué)、冷、溫覺(jué)和痛覺(jué)，其深部的受體還感受壓覺(jué)和進(jìn)行本體感受