北京市東城區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期4月綜合練習(xí)（一模）試題（一）（含解析）

北京市東城區(qū)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期4月綜合練習(xí)（一模）試題（一）（含解析）本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALabradorhasbeendoinganimportantjobtohelppeoplestaysafeduringtheCOVID19pandemic.EightyearoldRobyrunsthroughthestreetsofthehillycityofMedellinseveraltimesadaywitha___1___inhisjaws,takingvegetables,fruitandpackagedfoodstocustomersoftheFresh4Uminimarket.“Hehelpsustomaintainsocialdistancing,”saidRoby’owner,SherryBotero.“Andpeople___2___itwhenwesendthedog.”Robyenjoyseatingcarrots___3___tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketoffood.Robywasn’talwaysastar.Hewasacceptedintothefamily___4___byMsBoteroafterrepeatedrequestsbyhersonto___5___adog.ButMsBoteroquickly___6___withthedog.Andwhensheopenedaminimarketfouryearsago,hestartedtoacpanyhertomakedeliveries.Robycan’tread___7___.Butheremembersthenamesofcustomerswhohavepreviouslyrewardedhimwithtreats.Andwithsomepractice,hehaslearnedtogototheirhousesonhisown.“Heknowsthenamesoffiveorsixofourcustomers,”MsBoterosaid,“SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptinthebasket,andmycustomers___8___methroughabanktransfer(轉(zhuǎn)賬；轉(zhuǎn)移).”Robymightnotknowthathe’sbeean___9___worker.Butheishappytohelphisownerand___10___hisdailypay.1.A.bag B.chain C.basket D.stick2.A.respect B.love C.follow D.notice3.A.gifted B.returned C.lent D.donated4.A.intentionally B.regretfully C.immediately D.unwillingly5.A.adopt B.train C.adore D.walk6.A.gotaway B.keptintouch C.caughtup D.fellinlove7.A.minds B.addresses C.numbers D.receipts8.A.treat B.help C.pay D.impress9.A.essential B.honest C.optimistic D.adventurous10.A.spend B.calculate C.collect D.increase【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在新冠疫情期間，拉布拉多犬Roby幫助人們送蔬菜、水果和包裝食品的故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：8歲的Roby每天叼著籃子在多山城市Medellin的街道上跑好幾次，把蔬菜、水果和包裝食品送到Fresh4U迷你市場(chǎng)的顧客那里。A.bag包；B.chain鏈子；C.basket籃子；D.stick棍子。根據(jù)下一段“atipforbringingabasketoffood.”和倒數(shù)第二行““SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptinthebasket,”可知，此處指叼著籃子把蔬菜，水果等送到顧客那。故選C。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們派Roby過(guò)去時(shí)，人們很喜歡它。A.respect尊重；B.love愛，喜歡；C.follow跟隨；D.notice注意。根據(jù)下文“3tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketoffood.”可知，人們喜歡Roby。故選B。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Roby喜歡吃顧客送給他的胡蘿卜，這是他帶了一籃子食物的小費(fèi)。A.gifted.用禮物送；B.returned返回；C.lent借出；D.donated捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)后文“atipforbringingabasketoffood.”可知，人們送給Roby胡蘿卜作為送食物的小費(fèi)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Botero的兒子多次請(qǐng)求收養(yǎng)一只狗，但Botero不情愿地接受了這只狗。A.intentionally故意地；B.regretfully后悔地；C.immediately立刻地；D.unwillingly不情愿地。根據(jù)后文“afterrepeatedrequestsbyherson”可知，Botero不太愿意讓兒子養(yǎng)狗，所以此處需用副詞unwillingly不情愿地。故選D。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.adopt領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；B.train訓(xùn)練；C.adore崇拜，愛慕；D.walk行走。根據(jù)前文“Hewasacceptedintothefamily4byMsBotero”可知，Botero不太愿意讓兒子養(yǎng)狗。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：但是Botero女士很快就愛上了這只狗。A.gotaway離開；B.keptintouch保持聯(lián)系；C.caughtup趕上；D.fellinlove愛上。根據(jù)后文“Andwhensheopenedaminimarketfouryearsago,hestartedtoacpanyhertomakedeliveries.”和空前轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，Botero女士喜歡上了小狗Roby。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Roby看不懂地址。A.minds思想；B.addresses地址；C.numbers號(hào)碼；D.receipts收據(jù)。根據(jù)前文“hestartedtoacpanyhertomakedeliveries.”和常識(shí)可知，因?yàn)槭枪啡ニ拓?，不認(rèn)識(shí)字，所以看不懂地址。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，我把貨物連同收據(jù)放在籃子里寄出去，我的客戶通過(guò)銀行匯款給我。A.treat對(duì)待，款待；B.help幫助；C.pay付款；D.impress給……留下印象。根據(jù)空后“methroughabanktransfer(轉(zhuǎn)賬；轉(zhuǎn)移).”可知，此處指轉(zhuǎn)賬付款。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Roby可能不知道他已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)必不可少的“工人”。A.essential必不可少的，重要的；B.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.adventurous冒險(xiǎn)的。因?yàn)镽oby幫MsBotero送貨，所以他已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)必不可少的“工人”。故選A。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他很樂意幫助他的主人和領(lǐng)取他的日常工資。A.spend花費(fèi)；B.calculate計(jì)算；C.collect領(lǐng)取，收集；D.increase增加。根據(jù)前文描述可知，人們會(huì)給Roby一些食物作為小費(fèi)，所以此處指他會(huì)領(lǐng)取他的日常報(bào)酬。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。etsareamongthemostbeautifulandinteresting___11___(sight)intheuniverse.Forcenturies,people___12___(show)greatinterestinstudyingthem.In1682,EdmundHalley,anastronomer,noticedaetthatwasespeciallybrightandlarge.Basedonhiscalculations,Halleypredictedthatthisbrightetwouldreturnin1758or1759—thiswasabout75years___13___hefirstsawtheet.Theetreallyreturnedontimeanditwasnamed“Halley’set”inhonorofEdmundHalley.【答案】11.sights12.haveshown/havebeenshowing13.after【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了哈雷彗星命名的由來(lái)?！?1題詳解】考查可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)。句意：彗星是宇宙中最美麗、最有趣的景觀之一。根據(jù)前文“amongthemostbeautifulandinteresting”可知，此處指眾多有趣景觀之一，所以空處名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。故填sights?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們對(duì)研究它們表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Forcenturies可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在將會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)people，所以助動(dòng)詞需用have。故填haveshown/havebeenshowing?！?3題詳解】考查連詞。句意：根據(jù)他的計(jì)算，哈雷預(yù)測(cè)這顆明亮的彗星將在1758年或1759年回歸——這距離他第一次看到這顆彗星大約75年。根據(jù)前一句“In1682,EdmundHalley,anastronomer,noticedaetthatwasespeciallybrightandlarge.(1682年，天文學(xué)家埃德蒙·哈雷注意到一顆特別明亮和巨大的彗星。)”可知，哈雷第一次看到那顆彗星是1682年，再次看到可能是1758年或1759年，此處表示75年后，所以需用連詞after。故填after。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Emmawasonherwayhomewhensheheardasuddenscream.Lookingaround,shesawalittleboyonthesidewalkgasping(急喘)forair,his___14___(frighten)motherbeggingforhelp.Emmarushedtotheboy,___15___facehadturnedpurple.“What’swrong?”“Acandy!Inhisthroat!”ItwasluckythatEmmahadlearnedhow___16___(perform)theHeimlichmaneuver(海姆利克急救法)atschool.Sheactedquickly.Soon,theboycoughedupapieceofcandyandbeganbreathingagain.He___17___(save)intime.【答案】14.frightened15.whose16.toperform17.wassaved【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述Emma在回家路上，救助被糖果卡住喉嚨的小男孩的故事?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：環(huán)顧四周，她看到一個(gè)小男孩在人行道上喘著氣，他驚恐的母親請(qǐng)求幫助?？仗幮栌眯稳菰~作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞mother，因?yàn)樾揎椏蘸笾溉说拿~mother，所以空處需用ed形容詞frightened“驚恐的”。故填frightened。【15題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：Emma奔向男孩，男孩的臉已經(jīng)變紫了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是boy，指人，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞face，表示所屬關(guān)系，意為“……的”，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填whose?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，Emma在學(xué)校學(xué)會(huì)了如何使用海姆利克急救法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用疑問詞how接動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞learned的賓語(yǔ)。故填toperform?！?7題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他及時(shí)得救了。根據(jù)前一句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞began可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因?yàn)樾∧泻⑹潜籈mma救，所以空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weredone，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)he，所以空處be動(dòng)詞需用was。故填wassaved。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InJapan,thewordbonsaimeanstrayplant.Itreferstotheinteresting___18___(bine)ofartandtheplantingandgrowingofminiaturetreesandplants.BonsaioriginatedinChinamorethan2,000yearsagoand___19___(spread)toJapanabout700yearsago.Somepeoplebelievethatonlysmallplantsmustbeusedinbonsai,butthisisnottrue.Nearlyanytypeoftreeorplantcanbeused,aslongasitisgrown___20___aseedorasmallcutting.【答案】18.bination19.spread/wasspread20.from【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了盆景的歷史?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它指的是藝術(shù)與微型樹木和植物的種植和生長(zhǎng)的有趣結(jié)合。形容詞interesting作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，所以空處需用名詞，作referto的賓語(yǔ)；bine的名詞為bination“結(jié)合”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填bination。【19題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：盆景起源于2000多年前的中國(guó)，約700年前傳到日本。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)about700yearsago可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因?yàn)榭梢员硎颈粍?dòng)，所以此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weredone，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)Bonsai，所以be動(dòng)詞需用was。故填spread/wasspread?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：幾乎任何種類的樹木或植物都可以被使用，只要它是由一粒種子或一個(gè)小枝條長(zhǎng)成的。此處表示由種子長(zhǎng)大的，需用介詞from。故填from。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAspartofourmissiontoinspirethenextgenerationofscientists,inventorsandengineers,theScienceMuseumGroup(SMG)haslaunchedanexcitingnewonlinegame—TotalDarkness.OverthelastyearwehavebeendevelopingTotalDarknesswiththeaimofcreatinganexperiencethatcanhaveapositiveimpactonpeople’sattitudestowardsSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmaths),aswellashavingafocusonselfreflection,ratherthanaskingplayerstorecallspecificfactsorconcepts.TotalDarknessisadigitalstorytellingexperiencewhichencouragesyoungpeopletorecognisehowtheskillstheyuseeverydayrelatetoSTEMandcanhelpthemdeveloptheirconfidenceinsciencethinking.Thegameinvitestheplayertosolveamysteriouspowercutintheirhometown.Thegameputsplayersincontrol,allowingtheirchoicesanddecisionstoguidethemthroughthestory.Astheplayernavigatesthroughthedarkenedstreetsofthetown,equippedonlywithatorch,theywillfacevariouschallenges.Usingtheircuriosity,municationskillsandcreativeproblemsolving,theywilldiscovernewtheoriesaboutwhatmighthavecausedtheblackout(停電；斷電).Butwitheverysteptheirtorchfades,andtheplayermustsolvethemysterybeforethebatteryrunsout.Theplayer’schoicesandactionsthroughoutthegamewillscorethemcuriosity,creativityormunicationpoints.Attheend,theskillstheplayerhasusedwillberevealedalongwiththeirsciencestyle,showinghowtheycouldputtheirskillsintoactionintherealworld.TotalDarknessisaimedat815yearolds—animportantstageinteens’sciencedevelopment.Researchshowsthatasteensmakethestepbetweenprimaryandsecondary,manymoveawayfromaninterestinscienceasotherinfluenceshaveastrongerpullintheirlives.TotalDarknessisafreeonlinegameplayableonsmartphone,tabletanddesktop.Playnowat.21.TotalDarknessaimstohelpplayers________.A.recallscientificconceptsBbetterunderstandSTEMC.improvestorytellingabilitiesD.developmunicationskills22.What’sthekeytogettingpointsinTotalDarkness?A.Judgement. B.Teamwork.C.Equipment. D.Gamingskills.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteanewproduct.B.TointroducetheSMG’smission.C.Toexplaintherulesofanonlinegame.D.ToemphasizetheimportanceofSTEM.【答案】21.B22.A23.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹并推銷《完全黑暗》的游戲，講了開發(fā)它的目的和優(yōu)勢(shì)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OverthelastyearwehavebeendevelopingTotalDarknesswiththeaimofcreatinganexperiencethatcanhaveapositiveimpactonpeople’sattitudestowardsSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmaths),aswellashavingafocusonselfreflection,ratherthanaskingplayerstorecallspecificfactsorconcepts.”（過(guò)去一年我們已經(jīng)開發(fā)完全黑暗，目的是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，它可以讓人們對(duì)STEM(科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué))產(chǎn)生積極的態(tài)度，以及有一個(gè)專注于自我反省，而不是讓玩家回憶具體事實(shí)或概念。）可知，《完全黑暗》旨在幫助玩家更好地理解STEM。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Theplayer’schoicesandactionsthroughoutthegamewillscorethemcuriosity,creativityormunicationpoints.”（玩家在游戲中的選擇和行動(dòng)將為他們的好奇心、創(chuàng)造力或交流加分。）可知，在完全黑暗中獲得分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵是個(gè)人的判斷力。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TotalDarknessisafreeonlinegameplayableonsmartphone,tabletanddesktop.Playnowat.uk.”（TotalDarkness是一款免費(fèi)的在線游戲，可在智能、平板電腦和臺(tái)式機(jī)上玩。現(xiàn)在在玩。）以及上文介紹了這款游戲的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可知，本文目的是推銷一種新產(chǎn)品。故選A項(xiàng)。BNickTorrance,ajuniorinhighschool,suffersfrommusculardystrophy,andattendsschoolinaspecializedwheelchair.Themusclediseasepreventshimfromacplishingmanyeverydaytasks,suchascarryinghisbooksandputtingthingsawayinhislocker.Sohehadafellowstudentassignedtohelphim.ButAmySmith,theschool’soccupationaltherapist,thoughtthatbeingabletodosomethingsimplelikeopeninghislockeronhisownwouldbeempowering.Amyinitiallythoughttheywouldbeabletobuyadevicetohelp.Butsearchingonlineturnedupnothingthatcouldmeettheirneeds—everythingneededakeycodeorsomeotherphysicalaction,thingsherdisabledstudentcouldn’tdo.Aftertheoutsidesearchforamethodcameupshort,shelookedwithintheschoolitselfforananswer.Amyturnedtotheschool’sroboticsinstructor.Theinstructor,inturn,suggestedthattwoofhismostcapablestudentstakeontheproject:MicahStuhldreherandWyattSmrcka.Theytookfirstplaceinanationalroboticspetition,sotheywereanaturalchoicetotacklethelockerdoorproblemwitharoboticssolution.MicahandWyattwastednotimegettingdowntoworkandforanhoureachschoolday,theboysbrainstormed,built,andrebuiltvariousversionsofthedeviceuntiltheylandedontheperfectsolutiononeyearlater.Likeinanydevicedevelopment,ittookalotoftrialanderrorforMicahandWyatttomakesomethingthatwouldworkfortheirtargetaudience.Forexample,theyinitiallybuiltalockeropeningbutton,butNickwasn’tstrongenoughtopushit,sotheyreplaceditwithasensor.Now,betweenclassesNicksteershiselectricwheelchairtohislockerandwaveshishandoverasensoronthearmofthewheelchair.Afewsecondslater,thelockerdoorswingsopen.Anotherwaveclosesthedoor.Nickcanmakeitwithease—itmaybeasmallthing,butitgiveshimasenseofindependence.24WhydidAmySmithwantadevice?A.Toincreaseherstudent’sconfidence. B.Toencouragecooperationatschool.C.Toinspirearoboticsinvention. D.Tohelptreatamuscledisease.25.Withasensorinhiswheelchair,Nickcan________.A.movearoundeasily B.puthisthingsawayC.continuehisschooling D.openandclosehislocker26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeMicahandWyatt?A.Caringandpassionate. B.Talentedandambitious.C.Sensitiveandinsightful. D.Humbleandwarmhearted.【答案】24.A25.D26.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了職業(yè)治療師AmySmith為了讓患有肌肉萎縮癥的學(xué)生NickTorrance可以獨(dú)立打開儲(chǔ)物柜這樣簡(jiǎn)單的事情，讓MicahStuhldreher和WyattSmrcka為他制作了一個(gè)傳感器，讓他可以在輪椅上開關(guān)儲(chǔ)物柜?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ButAmySmith,theschool’soccupationaltherapist,thoughtthatbeingabletodosomethingsimplelikeopeninghislockeronhisownwouldbeempowering.(但該校的職業(yè)治療師AmySmith認(rèn)為，能夠自己打開儲(chǔ)物柜這樣簡(jiǎn)單的事情，會(huì)讓自己變得更強(qiáng)大)”可推知，AmySmith想要一個(gè)裝置來(lái)增加她的學(xué)生的信心。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Now,betweenclassesNicksteershiselectricwheelchairtohislockerandwaveshishandoverasensoronthearmofthewheelchair.Afewsecondslater,thelockerdoorswingsopen.Anotherwaveclosesthedoor.(現(xiàn)在，在課間，Nick駕駛著他的電動(dòng)輪椅到他的儲(chǔ)物柜，并在輪椅手臂上的傳感器上揮動(dòng)他的手。幾秒鐘后，儲(chǔ)物柜的門開了。再一揮關(guān)上了門)”可知，輪椅上安裝了一個(gè)傳感器，Nick可以打開和關(guān)閉他的儲(chǔ)物柜。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theinstructor,inturn,suggestedthattwoofhismostcapablestudentstakeontheproject:MicahStuhldreherandWyattSmrcka.Theytookfirstplaceinanationalroboticspetition,sotheywereanaturalchoicetotacklethelockerdoorproblemwitharoboticssolution.MicahandWyattwastednotimegettingdowntoworkandforanhoureachschoolday,theboysbrainstormed,built,andrebuiltvariousversionsofthedeviceuntiltheylandedontheperfectsolutiononeyearlater.(反過(guò)來(lái)，導(dǎo)師建議他的兩個(gè)最有能力的學(xué)生來(lái)做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目：MicahStuhldreher和WyattSmrcka。他們?cè)谝粓?chǎng)全國(guó)機(jī)器人比賽中獲得了第一名，所以他們是用機(jī)器人解決儲(chǔ)物柜門問題的自然選擇。邁卡和懷亞特沒有浪費(fèi)任何時(shí)間投入到工作中，他們每天都花一小時(shí)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴，制作并重建了這個(gè)設(shè)備的各種版本，直到一年后他們找到了完美的解決方案)”可推知，Micah和Wyatt投入時(shí)間、精力來(lái)給Nick制作傳感器，說(shuō)明他們對(duì)同學(xué)有愛心和熱情。故選A。CVaccines(疫苗)maysoonmaketheirfirstfilmappearance.LedbyexpertMariaA.Croyle,researchershavedevelopedathinsheetthatpreservesvaccinesforlongperiodswithoutrefrigeration.Thismeansthecarefullycooledsmallbottlesnowusedtoshipvaccinescouldpotentiallybereplacedbylightweightfilmsthatcanbemailedinanenvelopeandstoredonashelf.Croyle’slaboratorybegandevelopingthetechnologyin2007.Inspiredbyamber’sabilitytopreservetheDNAofinsects,theresearcherssetouttocreatetheirownversionofthesubstancebymixing“alotofsugarandalittlebitofsalt,muchlikehardcandy,”Croyleexplains.Thevaccinecontainingfilmisadministeredbymouth—sweetnewsformanywhodislikeneedles.Thefilmistailoredtosuiteachspecificvaccinecandidateandprovideaprotectivecoating.“We’velearnedovertimethatthekeytoreallystabilizingwhateverthefilmholdsistohaveitintermixedwithalltheponents,”Croylesays,addingthattheprocessisquickandusesaffordable,standardequipment.“Wereallywantedtoeupwithsomethingthatwouldbetransferabletodevelopingcountries.”Immunization(免疫)programsdependheavilyonkeepingvaccinescold(2℃8℃)astheyaretransported,sometimesoverthousandsofkilometerstofarawaylocations.Deliverycanbedifficultandcostly,andtransportdisruptionscancausethevaccinestobeineffective.Butthisnewproductcanstoreliveviruses,bacteriaandantibodiesforseveralmonthsat20℃.InapaperpublishedinScienceAdvances,thescientistsshowthatthelivevirusesinonevaccinewerepreservedinthefilmevenafter36months.Theyalsofindthatafluvaccinesuspendedintheirfilmparesfavourablywithatraditionalflushot(流感預(yù)防針).“Thestudydemonstratesearlyproofofconceptforanexcitingplatformforvaccineproductdevelopment,”saysLisaRohan,apharmacologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Shealsonotesthateachvaccinetypewouldneedacustomformulation(配方)forfuturestagesofdevelopment.Findingpartnerstomassproduceforclinicaltrialsistheresearchers’mostpressingproblem,Croylesays.Theyarealsoexploringpackagingmethodstokeeptheirfilmsstableupto40℃.Sizeisamajoradvantage—alettersizedsheetofthefilmcancarrymorethan500doses(劑)ofvaccine,about1?900theweightofthesameamountoftraditionaldoses.Bymakingiteasierandcheapertoshipandpreservevaccinesefficiently,Croylesays,thetechnologycouldvastlyimproveimmunizationratestheworldover,particularlyinmiddletolowinecountries.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefilm?A.Itcontainsanimal’sDNA. B.Itwillreplacevaccines.C.Itesindifferentflavours. D.Itcanholdbioproducts.28.AccordingtoParagraph3,wecanlearnaboutthefilm’s________.A.keyponent B.developmentscheduleC.possibleadvantages D.transportationrequirements29.TheauthormentionsLisaRohan’swordsto________.A.advisepersonalizingvaccinesB.suggesttheproductispromisingC.provethestudyissupportedwidelyD.stressthefunctionsofanewplatform30.WhatwillbethenexturgenttaskforCroyle’steam?A.Advertisingthefilmworldwide. B.Improvingthefilm’scapacity.C.Reducingtheshippingcost. D.Seekingidealmanufacturers.【答案】27.D28.C29.B30.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了科研團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)出了一種可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保存疫苗而無(wú)需冷藏的薄片，描述了它的功能和潛在價(jià)值?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LedbyexpertMariaA.Croyle,researchershavedevelopedathinsheetthatpreservesvaccinesforlongperiodswithoutrefrigeration.”（在專家MariaA.Croyle的帶領(lǐng)下，研究人員開發(fā)出了一種可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保存疫苗而無(wú)需冷藏的薄片。）可知，這種薄膜可以裝生物制品。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thefilmistailoredtosuiteachspecificvaccinecandidateandprovideaprotectivecoating.”（該薄膜是量身定制的，以適合每種特定的候選疫苗，提供一種保護(hù)涂層。）“thekeytoreallystabilizingwhateverthefilmholdsistohaveitintermixedwithalltheponents”（真正使這種薄膜無(wú)論容納什么都穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵是將其與所有成分混合）以及“theprocessisquickandusesaffordable,standardequipment.”（這一過(guò)程是快速的，使用了負(fù)擔(dān)得起的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。）可推斷，第三段主要講了薄膜的可能的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“‘Thestudydemonstratesearlyproofofconceptforanexcitingplatformforvaccineproductdevelopment,’saysLisaRohan(麗莎羅翰說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)研究為一個(gè)令人興奮的疫苗產(chǎn)品開發(fā)平臺(tái)提供了早期的概念證明”)”可推斷，作者引用LisaRohan的話來(lái)暗示這個(gè)產(chǎn)品很有前途。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Findingpartnerstomassproduceforclinicaltrialsistheresearchers’mostpressingproblem,Croylesays.”（克羅伊爾說(shuō)，尋找大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)用于臨床試驗(yàn)的合作伙伴是研究人員最緊迫的問題。）可知，克羅伊團(tuán)隊(duì)的下一個(gè)緊急任務(wù)是尋求理想的制造商。故選D項(xiàng)。DAlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIremenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasinprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencepetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkingoutofinternships(實(shí)習(xí))atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文縟節(jié)),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.31.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.wasaclassicintheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttobeprehensibleC.neededfurtherimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic. B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive. D.Imprecise.33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.DTheevaluationoflaboratories.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?【答案】31.B32.B33.C34.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過(guò)引用物理學(xué)家的話以及現(xiàn)代科學(xué)爆炸式發(fā)展帶來(lái)的專業(yè)化趨勢(shì)來(lái)介紹愛因斯坦1915年的名著《廣義相對(duì)論的基礎(chǔ)》，這篇論文讀起來(lái)不一樣的地方以及它可能不會(huì)在今天的科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表的原因?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.（正如物理學(xué)家理查德·費(fèi)曼所寫：“曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，報(bào)紙上說(shuō)只有12個(gè)人理解相對(duì)論。我相信或許確實(shí)有過(guò)只有一個(gè)人懂相對(duì)論的時(shí)候——因?yàn)樵谶@篇論文之前，只有愛因斯坦理解這個(gè)問題。但當(dāng)人們讀了這篇論文，有很多人，絕對(duì)超過(guò)12個(gè)，或多或少都對(duì)相對(duì)論有了一定理解）”可知，愛因斯坦1915年的論文證明是可以理解的。故選B?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞后句“Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.”可知，更糟的是，文章沒有對(duì)前人科學(xué)研究進(jìn)行任何引用，也沒有任何圖。這些缺失對(duì)如今的科學(xué)論文來(lái)說(shuō)是致命的。這樣的文章甚至都不會(huì)被編輯送審，這說(shuō)明愛因斯坦的論文在如今看來(lái)是很糟糕的，因此此處是說(shuō)他在論文中花大量篇幅進(jìn)行的哲學(xué)討論和張量微積分的闡述在今天被認(rèn)為是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的，所以畫線詞詞義為“無(wú)關(guān)緊要的”。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文縟節(jié)),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.（它從一個(gè)關(guān)于空間和時(shí)間的輕松的大量無(wú)用功都耗費(fèi)在了突破官僚形式的層層桎梏上，也抬高了新人的準(zhǔn)入門檻。）”可推斷，在作者看來(lái)，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展影響了年輕人才的選拔。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.（但它可能不會(huì)在今天的科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表。）”可知，第一段是總起句，文章圍繞著這個(gè)問題展開論述，所以這篇文章最好的題目是——“CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?(愛因斯坦的《相對(duì)論》今天能出版嗎？)”故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Reversal—changeyourperspectiveandsolveyourproblemIt’softenyourdefinitionofaproblemthatlimitsyouinfindingasuitablesolution.Creativesolutionsrequireachangeofperspective.____35____Thereversaltechniqueisacreativethinkingtechniquethatisbasedonthethoughtthattochangeyourperspective,yousometimesneedtochangetheorderofthewordsinyourproblemdefinition.Howyouchangetheorderofthewordsdoesn’tmattermuch,aslongasthekeywordsarereversed.____36____Yourchallengeis“Howdowemakesurethatfewerpeopletakecarstotheirwork?”.Swappingthekeywords,youcouldrephrasethischallengeas“Howdowemakesurethatfewercarstakepeopletotheirwork?”Inthiscase,thefirststatementwillmakeyouthinkofalternativemeansoftransportation,liketrainsorbikes,whilethesecondstatementwillprobablymakeyouthinkofsolutionslikecarpooling—fewercarsforthesamenumberofpeople.Noteveryproblemstatementissuitableforareversal.Sometimesusingthistechniquerequiresyoutofirstrephrasethequestionaltogether.____37____Forinstance,thequestion“howmightwesellmorewashingmachines?”isnoteasilyreversed—thereisnokeywordtoswapwith“washingmachines”.Yet,whenyourephrasethequestionto“Howmightwesellmorewashingmachinestoyoungparents?”youcaneasilychangeitto“Howmightwesellmoreyoungparentstowashingmachines?____38____Youcouldinterpretthislastsentenceas“thewashingmachinepaystheyoungparentstotryitout”.Then,youcouldstartmunicatingtopotentialbuyershowmuchtheywillsaveeachyearwhentheychooseyourenergyefficientwashingmachine.Asthisexampleshows,somereversalswillrequireaveryflexiblewayofthinking.____39____However,thinkingaboutthetinyamountoftimeitwill“cost”youtotryoutareversal,youhaveverylittletoloseand,potentially,lotstogain.A.Thesecondproblemstatementismuchmorelogical.B.Oftenithelpstoaddonemorekeywordtothesentence.C.Rephrasingyourchallengeistochangetheproblemstatement.D.Agreatwaytodothisisby“reversing”yourproblemstatement.E.Forinstance,imagineyouareresponsibleforlimitingthetrafficjaminyourarea.F.Admittedly,itisaveryunusualchallenge,butitmightjuststimulateacreativethought.G.Noteveryonewillbeabletomovefromanunreasonablestatementtoausefulsolution.【答案】35.D36.E37.B38.F39.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)舉例子介紹了一種解決問題思維方式——逆向思維，描述了它的好處和表現(xiàn)形式?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Creativesolutionsrequireachangeofperspective.（創(chuàng)造性的解決方案需要改變觀點(diǎn)。）”以及下文“Thereversaltechniqueisacreativethinkingtechnique（逆向技術(shù)是一種創(chuàng)造性思維技術(shù)）”可猜測(cè)，劃線句寫的是創(chuàng)造性的解決方案是逆向技術(shù)。D選項(xiàng)“Agreatwaytodothisisby“reversing”yourproblemstatement.”（一個(gè)很好的方法是“顛倒”你的問題陳述。）符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。【36題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howyouchangetheorderofthewordsdoesn’tmattermuch,aslongasthekeywordsarereversed.（你如何改變單詞順序并不重要，只要關(guān)鍵字顛倒過(guò)來(lái)就行。）”以及下文“Yourchallengeis“Howdowemakesurethatfewerpeopletakecarstotheirwork?”.Swappingthekeywords,youc