高考英語知識點之時態(tài)

高考英語知識點之時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時①表示客觀事實或普通真理（不受時態(tài)限制）Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100oC.②表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)常或習慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。Icefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態(tài)。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會，我的家人會非常高興。⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當be表示根據(jù)時間或事先安排，肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.2.一般過去時①一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達過去的習慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.②如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。如：Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.③表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.④常用一般過去時的句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’trecognizehim.3.一般將來時①表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall+動詞（常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、nextweek等）。②表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.③表示趨向行為的動詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。④begoingto與will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及區(qū)別：begoingto表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備；shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正確)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(錯誤)betodosth.表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.4.現(xiàn)在進行時①表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時；表近期特定的安排或計劃；go、come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如：Itisrainingnow.HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.AtsixIambathingthebaby.(Istartbathingthebadybeforesix.)Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復的行動或某種感情色彩)②下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。（C）表示一時性動作的動詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的動詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。5.過去完成時①常用過去完成時的幾種情況：（A）在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.(B)表示曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。（C）“時間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.（D）表示“一……就”的幾個句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主語+過去分詞+when/than/before+一般過去時。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.②在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去完成時。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.6.過去將來時參照一般將來時對比：用woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表過去將來；come、go、（5）被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作；系表結構表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被動語態(tài))Thebookiswellsold.(系表結構)二、精典名題導解選擇填空1.Visitors________nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.arerequestedC.arerequestingD.request解析：答案為B。此題的時態(tài)是不難判斷的，因為說的是一條規(guī)定，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，而visitor與request之間是動賓關系，即requestvisitorsnottotouchtheexhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被動語態(tài)。分析visitors與request之間的關系是此題的解題關鍵。2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology__________sorapidly.(NMET2001)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange解析：答案為A。此題考查現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的用法。句意為“選擇一部移動電話不是一件容易的事，因為科技發(fā)展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般現(xiàn)在時表達的是目前的情況，而“科技發(fā)展迅速”也是現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài)，不是在過去，也不是在將來，因此只能用現(xiàn)在進行時表達。3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___________,andwe’rereadytostart.（2000年春季高考）A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted解析：答案為D?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去年做的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。從andwe’rereadytostart句意可知，一切準備工作已經(jīng)就緒，可以開始工作了。complete是及物動詞，與句子的主語是被動關系，所以需要用被動語態(tài)表達。注意①分清complete與主語之間的關系；②結合語境選擇正確時態(tài)。10.動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)習題1．—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation．Itwassonear．—Yes．Ataxiatallnecessary．A．wasn’tB．hadn’tbeenC．wouldn’tbeD．won’tbe2．WhenIgottothecinema，thefilmfortheminutes．A．hasbegunB．hadbegunC．hadbeenonD．wason3．Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing，peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhavetoB．a(chǎn)renotkept；havetoC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto4．Insomepartsoftheworld，teawithmilkandsugar.A．isservingB．isseveredC．servesD．served5．—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itvetysoft．A．isfeelingB．feltC．feelsD．isfelt6．Idon’treallyworkhere．Iuntilthenewsecretaryarrives．A．justhelpoutB．havejusthelpedoutC．a(chǎn)mjusthelpingoutD．willjusthelpout7．—Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing，haveyou?—．HowIwishtogothere!A．Yes．IhaveB．Yes，Ihaven’tC．No．IhaveD．No，Ihaven’t8．Itisreportedthatbytheendofthisyear，anotherschoolwill．A．bebuiltB．havebuiltC．havebeenbuiltD．havebebuilt9．—Hey，lookwhereyouaregoing!———0h，I’mterriblysorry．．A．I’mnotnoticingB．1wasn’tnoticingC．Ihaven’tnoticedD．Idon’tnotice10．—Howareyoutoday?———Oh，IasillasIdonowforalongtime．A．didn’tfeelB．wasn’tfeelingC．don’tfeeD．haven’tfeltl1．OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile，butsoontohisoldways．A．returnedB．returnsC．wasreturningD．hadreturned12．Allthepreparationsforthetask，andwe’rereadytostart．A．completedB．completeC．hadbeencompletedD．havebeencompleted13．Hetothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment．A．hasnosoonergotB．wassupposedtoC．willnosoonergetD．havenosoonergot14．Thetrainarriveat11：30butitwasanhourlate．A．wouldsupposeB．wassupposedtoC．issupposedtoD．supposedto15．Hesteppedintotheoffice，downandbegantofillintheforms．A．sittingB．tositC．satD．havingsat16．Thelittlegirlherheartoutbecauseshehertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit．A．hadcried；1ostB．cried；hadloseC．hascried；haslostD．cries；has1ost17．Bothmybrothersworkatthepowerstationthatatmyhometown．A．hassetupB．hasbeensetupC．wassetupD．issetup18．Lindahas1ostherpassportagain．It’sthesecondtimethis．A．hashappenedB．hasbeenhappenedC．happenedD．happens19．—Sorry，Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.—Nevermind，itmyselftonight．A．I’mgoingtopostB．I’dbettertopostC．I’llpostD．I’dratherpost20．Hehislegwhenheinafootballmatchagainstanotherschoo1．A．broke；playedB．wasbreaking；wasplayingC．broke；wasplayingD．wasbreaking；played21．—Wheretherecorder?ICan’tseeitanywhere．—Iitrighthere．Butnowit’sgone．A．didyouput；haveputB．haveyouputputC．hadyouput；wasputtingD．wereyouputting；haveput22．Hello!IyouinLondon．Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A．don’tknow；wereB．hadn’tknown；areC．haveknown；areD．didn’tknow；were23．—Comeon，Peter．Iwanttoshowyousomething．—Oh，howniceofyou!Iyoutobringmeagift.A．neverthink；aregoingB．neverthought；weregoingC．didn’tthink；weregoingD．hadn’tthought；weregoing24．Alltheteachersinthisschoo1are．A．cleandressingB．cleanlydressingC．cleandressedD．cleanlydressed25．WhenIwasatcollegeIthreeforeignlanguages，butIallexceptafewwordsofeach．A．spoke；hadforgottenB．spoke；haveforgottenC．hadspoken；hadforgottenD．hadspoken；haveforgotten26．—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet．Therooms．A．a(chǎn)rebeingpaintedB．a(chǎn)repaintingC．a(chǎn)repaintedD．a(chǎn)rebeingpainting27．—Excuseme，sir．Wouldyoudomeafavor?ofcourse．Whatisit?—Iifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform．A．hadwonderedB．waswonderingC．wouldwonderD．didwonder28．—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime．—Whatdoyousupposetoher?A．washappeningB．tohappenC．hashappenedD．havinghappened29．IwonderwhyJennyusrecently．Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow．A．hasn’twrittenB．doesn’twriteC．won’twriteD．hadn’twritten30．Maryadresswhenshecutherfinger．A．makeB．ismakingC．wasmakingD．makes31．—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，thisisthefirsttimeI