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考研《英語一》舟山市定嵊泗縣2023年高分沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhenCharlesBarkley'smotherpassedaway,Barkley'shometowncametothefuneral.Buta(n)1guestalsocame.Hewasn'tabasketballplayerorfromBarkley'shometown.More2,hewasmydad-ascientist.Mydadsaidhe3aboutBarkleylongbeforehemethim.Wheneverwe4dinnerparties,hewouldtalkaboutBarkley.Basketballhasneverbeenmything.I5somekeywordsintoasearchengineto6somethingaboutBarkley.Heseemedprettyfamousand7notlikeanyonewhowouldbefriendswithmydad.Butthefriendshipwasreal.Mydad8madeaslideofphotosofhimandBarkleytogetherforourcommunity'sChineseNewYearparty-totallyirrelevanttothe9.Iaskedhimwhatmadethembecomefriends."AsanAsianintheU.S.,wehadagood10,"hesaid."Weagreeonmanyviews."Theybelievedthecoloroftheirskindidn't11.ButonaSundayafternoonmydadpassedaway.Everyonewas12asBarkleyattendedthefuneral."Itgivesmegreat13andjoytoknowIwasafriendofhis,"Barkleysaid."Justhearingabouthimatthe14-whathehadachievedandwhathewastryingtohelpothers15,touchedmeI16hewouldbeknowntomanypeople."Atthefuneral,people17memoriesofmydad.Irealizethatevenafterhepassedaway,Iwouldcontinueto18thingsabouthim.ThestoryofhisfriendshipwithBarkleywasnotjusta19withafamousperson-itthrewlightonthe20ofthisworld.1、A.frequent B.unexpected C.a(chǎn)verage D.unwelcome2、A.specifically B.importantly C.carefully D.strictly3、A.cared B.worried C.thought D.knew4、A.held B.organized C.a(chǎn)ttended D.a(chǎn)rranged5、A.read B.forgot C.sent D.typed6、A.findout B.a(chǎn)pplyfor C.talkabout D.pickup7、A.potentially B.a(chǎn)ccidentally C.deliberately D.certainly8、A.still B.a(chǎn)lso C.even D.a(chǎn)lready9、A.experience B.holiday C.player D.friendship10、A.chance B.conversation C.a(chǎn)rgument D.choice11、A.bum B.differ C.matter D.shine12、A.a(chǎn)stonished B.thrilled C.a(chǎn)nnoyed D.disappointed13、A.moments B.memories C.relief D.comfort14、A.meeting B.hometown C.party D.funeral15、A.a(chǎn)ccomplish B.contribute C.develop D.gain16、A.wished B.declared C.suspected D.confirmed17、A.improved B.refreshed C.shared D.lost18、A.spread B.learn C.obtain D.mourn19、A.connection B.coincidence C.phenomenon D.relationship20、A.benefits B.responsibilities C.possibilities D.varietiesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1You’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.Why?Theanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothebill’stotal.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry(模仿)bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker,”wroteRickvanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbecomemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas.“Comingup!”Thoseintheotherhallwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtake-homepay.’Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat(模仿者)waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cabdrivers,hairstylists,theyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappeartoplateau(穩(wěn)定期)whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.“That’salsoapointoftipping,”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecabdriverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthere,you’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”1、Howmanyfactorsaffectthecustomers’tipping?A.6.B.5.C.4.D.3.2、Whatdothestudiesshow?A.Mimicrybringsintoverybadfeelingsforthemimicker.B.Thewaiterwhomimicspeopleusuallygetslesstipthattheygive.C.Themimicwaiterscangetmoremoneythanthosewhodon’tmimicothers.D.Tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiters.3、Whatistheopinionoftheauthoraccordingtothepassage?A.Hegiveshisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften.B.HeagreeswithMrGreenandRickvanBarenabouttipping.C.HeobjectstoMrGreen’sideaabouttipping.D.HethinkspartofMrGreen’sexplanationisreasonable.4、Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowMuchtoTipB.WhatIsTipC.WheretoLeaveaBigFatTipD.TippingIsVeryImportantText2AdevicethatstopsdriversfromfallingasleepatthewheelisabouttoundergotestingatDepartmentofTransportlaboratoriesandcouldgoonsalewithin12months.Thesystem,calledDriverAlert,aimstoreducedeadlyroadaccidentsby20%—40%thatarecausedbytiredness.Airlinepilotscanalsouseittoreducethe30%ofallpilot-erroraccidentsthatarerelatedtofatigue.DriverAlertisbasedonacomputerizedwristband(腕帶).Thedevice,wornbydriversorpilotsgivesoutasoundabouteveryfourminutesduringacarjourney.Aftereachsoundthedrivermustrespondbysqueezingthesteeringwheel(方向盤).Asensorinthewristbanddetectsthispressingactionandmeasuresthetimebetweenthesoundandthedriver’sresponse‘Tirednessisdirectlyrelatedtoadriver’sresponsetime.Usually,awatchfuldriverwoulduseabout400millisecondstorespond,butoncethatfallstomorethan500milliseconds,itsuggeststhatthedriverisgettingsleepy.Insuchcasesthedevicegivesoutmoreregularandloudersounds,showingthatthedrivershouldopenawindoworstopforarest.Ifthedriver'sresponsecontinuestoslowdown,thesoundsbecomemorefrequentuntilanonstopalarmwarnsthatthedrivermuststopassoonaspossible.Thedevicehasbeendeliveredtothedepartment’slaboratoriesfortesting.Ifthesetests,scheduledforsixmonths’time,aresuccessful,themakerswillbringtheproducttomarketwithinaboutayear.1、DriverAlertisadevicethatcan.A.keepdriversasleep.B.changedrivers’responseaccuracy.C.reducethepossibilityofaccidents.D.protectdriverswhenaccidentshappen2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fatigue”inParagraph2mean?A.Illness.B.Tiredness.C.Carelessness,D.Impoliteness,3、HowdoesDriverAlertwork?A.Bybeingusedasanonstopalarmallthetime.B.Bysqueezingthesteeringwheelontheway.C.Byremindingorwarningdriversifnecessary.D.Bybeingwornondrivers*handseverymoment.4、WhatdoweknowaboutDriverAlert?A.Itmustbefixedonthedriver’scars.B.Itaimstopreventdriversfromsleeping.C.Ithasgonethroughtestingatlaboratories.D.Itisn'tavailabletodriversatthemoment.Text3Thehighestbeefpricesinalmostthreedecadeshavearrivedjustbeforethestartofthehotseason,causingagreatshocktobothconsumersandrestaurantowners—andreliefisn'tlikelyanytimesoon.AdecreasingnumberofcattleandgrowingexportdemandfromcountriessuchasChinaandJapanhavecausedtheaveragepriceoffreshbeeftoclimbto$5.28apoundinFebruary,upalmostaquarterfromJanuaryandthehighestpricesince1987.Everythingthat'sproducedisbeingconsumed,saidKevinGood,ananalystatCattleFax,aColorado-basedinformationgroup.PriceswilllikelystayhighforacoupleofyearsascattleproducersstarttorebuildtheircattleamongbigquestionsaboutwhethertheSouthwestandpartsoftheMidwestwillseeenoughraintowaterthegrass."Iquitbuyingsteaksawhileagowhenthepricewentup,"said59-year-oldLenMarkham,whoworksatTexasTech.Shesaysshelimitsredmeatpurchasestohamburger,choosingchicken,porkandfishinstead.Restaurantowners,too,mustdealwiththehighprices.MarkHutchens,ownerofthe50YardLineSteakhouseinLubbock,raisedhismenupricesforbeefitemsbyabout5percentinNovember.Sincethen,theownerofthesmalleatinghousehastriedtomakecutselsewheretoavoidpassingitontocustomers."Itreallyputsmorepressureonthesmallguys,"hesaidofnon-chainrestaurants."Ijustthinkyouhavetostaycompetitiveandkeepyourcostslow."“White-tableclothrestaurantshaveadjustedthesizeoftheirsteaks,makingthemthinner”,saysJimRobb,directoroftheColorado-basedLivestockMarketingInformationCenter.“Andfast-foodrestaurantsarecuttingcostsbyreducingthenumberofmenuitemsandareofferingothermeatoptions,includingturkeyburgers,Robbsaid.Chainrestaurantsalsotrytobuybeefasmuchastheycan,whichessentiallygivesthemadiscount”,IowaStateUniversityassistanteconomicsprofessorLeeSchulzsaid.Thehighpricesarewelcomenewsforatleastonegroup:ranchers(大農(nóng)場經(jīng)營者),especiallythoseinTexaswhoforyearshavestruggledamiddrought(干旱)andhighfeedprices.Butevenasranchersbreatheasighofrelief,someworrylastinghighpriceswillcauseconsumerstopermanentlychangetheirbuyinghabits—switchingtochickenorpork.PeteBonds,a62-year-oldTexasrancherandpresidentoftheTexasandSouthwesternCattleRaisersAssociation,saidthat'sabigconcern.“Butsuchfearsmaybeunfounded,Robbsaid.“Threeyearsago,economiststhoughtconsumerswouldstartfindingsubstitutionsforbeefasthedroughtspread.We'resurprisedwehaven'tseenmoreofthat,"hesaid.SouthDakotarancherChuckO'Connorthinksthatconsumerswon’tabandonbeefforgood."I'msuresomearemaybegoingtocutbacksome,buttosaythatpeoplearen'tgoingtobuyitanymore,Idon'tthinkthat'sgoingtohappen,"hesaid,adding,"Ihopenot."1、Thepriceofbeefhasincreasedbecause________.A.thereisagrowingdemandoffreshbeefamongAmericansB.cattleproducershavesucceededinraisinganewtypeofcattleC.thereisalackofrainandtheexportofbeefisincreasingD.ranchershavefoundwaystodealwithhighfeedprices2、WhichmethodisNOTusedbyrestaurantownerstodealwiththehighbeefprices?A.Theyhavemadethesteakssmallerthanbefore.B.Theyhaveincreasedthepricesofbeef-relateddishes.C.Theyhavemadehamburgerswithmanyotherkindsofmeat.D.Theyhavesoughtdiscountbypurchasinglargeamountsofbeef.3、JimRobbgivesanexampleinthesixthparagraphinorderto________.A.tellpeoplethatitisatoughjobtolookforsubstitutionsforbeefB.showhisfearthatchickenorporkmaybeanalternativetobeefC.explainthatcustomerswon’tchangetheirbuyinghabitscompletelyD.indicatethatranchersmaybeleastaffectedbythehighbeefpricesText4HappyBirthdaytoMe(andMyMom)Forty-threeyearsagomymotherwentintolabourforthesecondtime.ItwaseitherverylateNewYear’sDayorveryearlyontheseconddayof1969dependingonhowyoulookedatitbuteitherway,itwasafullweekpastherduedatewhenmymomwokeupknowingitwastimetowakemydadup,getdressed,packupthecarandheadtothehospital.Herregulardoctorwasonvacationandwhentheyreachedthehospitaltheyplannedtodeliverinweretoldthatthedoctorwasonhiswaytoanotherhospitalsotheyshouldheadthere,inaneighbouringcity.MostsurprisingtomenowisthatshefeltwellenoughtoattendaNewYear’spartythepreviousnightandstayedlongenoughtotoastinthenewyear!MymomandherfamilyhadimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesjusttwentyyearsearlierfromElSalvador.Andthatwasaluckythingforme.NotonlydidmymomgainaccesstoabettereducationandcareeroptionshereintheUSforherself,eachofherthreedaughterswouldalsoenjoyheraccesstoqualitymaternity(孕產(chǎn)婦的)care.WhiletheUSishardlytheworldleaderinmaternalhealthorbirthoutcomes,thesedaysawomanfacesa1in2,100riskofdyingduringherlifeandinElSalvador,it’s1in350-6timesworse.In1969,thatdifferencewasevengreater.However,IwaspregnantwithmysecondchildinElSalvadorsixyearsagowhenIrealizedhowverydifferentmylifemighthaveturnedoutifI’dlivedtherewhenIdeliveredmyfirstchild.ItravelleddowntherewithCARE,thehumanitarianrelieforganization,whoseeffortsmymomhadlongsupported,toseesomeoftheirprincipalprogrammesinaction.Amongthemwasoneinparticularthatremainswithmetoday.Itwasawaterprojectwherepregnantwomen,manyofwhomhadwalkedmilestoaccessthiscleanwater,receivesomebasiccarebeforeorafterchildbirth.Herethesewomenwere,facingtheexactsamephysicalchallengesasmebutstillcarryingthefullworkloadofthefamilyandwithlittletonoresourcesforinformation,care,transportationorcomfortduringoraftertheirpregnancies.Bythistime,Iwasalltooawareofwhatachallengechildbirthcouldbe.Afterdeliveringmydaughterin2003,Isurvivedahemorrhage(大出血),theleadingchildbirth-relatedcomplicationthattakesthelivesofthousandsofothermothersallovertheworld.Onegirlorwomandiesevery90secondsinpregnancyorchildbirthfromwhatisinmostcasesapreventabledeath.IwasasshockedasyouarewhenIdiscoveredthisfactbutIwasalsograteful.GratefulbecauseIhadbeeninthecareofateamofhealthworkerswhenIneededthemmost.Ithoughtofmymother’slife.WhileshehadbeenborninagoodhospitalinSanSalvadorinthe1930’s,atthattimepregnancy-relateddeathswerecommonevenintheUS.Mygreatgrandmotheralsohemorrhaged,onlyafterdeliveringherfifthchildandshedied.Herhusband,mymom’sgrandfatherwasaphysicianatthetime.Hewouldgiveuppractisingmedicineforeverwhenhecouldn’tsaveher.Butitwasn’tonlymymomandherfamilythatIthoughtofasIconsideredmyownfateandgoodfortune,itwasallthosewomenI’dspentthedaywithintheruralcommunityI’dvisitedwithCARE.We’dmadeaconnectionthatday,wemothers,aswomen.Thesewomendidnothaveaccesstothesimpleinterventions(介入)thatcouldinsuretheirsurvivalandthat’swhatconcernedme.Itdidmorethanconcernme,itwokemeupandbeggedthisquestion,whyshouldanyonelifebeofdifferentvaluethananyother?Andso,ImadethecommitmentrightthereandthentodoallIcouldtoimprovematernalhealthandreducethenumberofmaternaldeathsaroundtheglobe.1、Theunderlinedphrase“wentintolabour”inParagraph1means“________”.A.sufferedfromadiseaseB.gavebirthtoababyC.tookupanofferofworkD.tidiedupthehouse2、Accordingtothepassage,thewriterfeltfortunateenough________.A.toenjoythebestmaternitycareintheworldB.toattendbetterschoolsintheUnitedStatesC.toliveinadevelopedcountrypermanentlyD.tohaveabettersenseofmaternalsecurity3、Whenshereturnedtohermotherlandsixyearsago,thewriter________.A.regrettednotdeliveringherfirstchildthereB.wasverysurprisedatthegreatchangesthereC.offeredspecialcaretowomeninneedthereD.researchedintothemedicalconditionsthere4、Thewriterrealizedthevitalimportanceofmaternitycare________A.throughherownexperienceB.withthehelpofhealthworkersC.duringherstayinElSalvadorD.uponthedeathofsomewomen5、Thewriterisobviouslydeterminedto________.A.beaphysiciandifferentfromhergreatgrandfatherB.changethesituationinthefieldofmaternalhealthC.requestmorepeopletocareaboutmaternitycareD.volunteercareduringorafterwomen’spregnancies6、Whatconclusiondoesthepassageleadyouto?A.Pregnancy-relateddeathscanhardlybekeptfromhappening.B.Birthanddeathwenthandinhandwitheachotherveryoften.C.Physiciansfailedtosavepatientsfromvariouscurablediseases.D.Womenwouldratherhavenochildrenfortearofahemorrhage.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)1.a(chǎn)freezingcolddayinJanuary1994,JiesangSuonandajiefound2.hewaslookingfor—agroupofpoachers(盜獵者)3.werekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelopeJiesangknewhehadtomove4.(quick)Heshoutedtothepoacherstoput5.theirgunsInthebattlewhichfollowedJiesang6.(shoot)andkilledLatertheWWF,an7.(organize)fornatureconservationwasfoundedItsaimwas8.(protect)thenaturalhabitats(棲息地)ofwildanimalsindangerofextinctionOneofthefounders9.(design)thefamouslogoisPeterScottSince1995,it10.(spend)morethan$1,000millionon11000projectsin130countriesSendinggiftsvariesgreatlyfromcountrytocountryInAustralia,Canada,theUnitedStates1.Europeancountries,sendinggiftsisrarelyexpectedWhileseenasanicegesture,itismoreimportanttoavoid2.(give)highlypersonalgiftssuchasclothingWhenvisitingthehomeofacolleaguefromoneofthese3.(country),itisnormallyappropriatetobringagifttothehostessInAmerica,4.(expense)giftsaredefinitelyoutAgood5.(choose)istotakethedeservingpersontodinner,orto6.entertainmentorasportingevent7.thecontrary,giftgivingisatraditionalcustominJapanInJapanthepropergiftisthought8.(express)thegiver'struefriendship,gratitudeandrespectfar9.(well)thanwordscanSoifyouplantovisitJapanortohaveanyJapanesevisityouhere,bepreparedAustraliaisknownforitsfriendlinessandinformalitySomodestgifts,suchasadiary,apaperweight,oracoffeecupmight10.(present)toafriendAtatradeshow,Tshirts,ties,baseballcaps,orapinmaybeappropriatesouvenirsAnythingmorethanthesetypesofgiftscouldcauseembarrassmentSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Thehistoryofwritinginstruments,withwhichhumanshaverecordedandconveyedthoughtsandfeelings,isthehistoryofcivilizationitself.Thisishowweknowaboutourancestorsandtheirlife.Thehandysharpened-stonewasadaptedintothefirstwritinginstrument.Around24,000BC,thecavemanstarteddrawingpictureswiththestoneontothewallsofhiscave.1、WallsattheApollositeinNamibiaarebelievedtobetheoldestrockpaintingstodate.Beforepapercamealong,peopleusedclayorwaxtabletsonwhichtheywrotewithsharpobjectssuchasmetalsticksorbones.Around6000yearsago,theEgyptiansinventedthefirstpaperlikematerialcalledpapyrus.Theword“paper”actuallycomesfromtheword“papyrus”.2、Bonesormetalstickswerenolongerusefulasthepapyruscouldnotbescratched.SotheEgyptianscreatedareed-penperfectforthepapyrus.3、Andthus,ancientEgyptianstransformedbamboostems(莖)intoanearlyformofafountainpen.Anotherwritinginstrumentthatremainedactiveinhistoryforalongperiodwasthequill(鵝毛)pen.Introducedaround700AD,thequillwasapenmadefromabirdfeather.Goosefeathersweremostcommon.4、Formakingfinelinedrawings,crowfeatherswerethebest.Whenwritershadbetterinksandpaperandhandwritinghaddevelopedintobothanartformandaneverydayoccurrence,man’sinventivenatureonceagainturnedtoimprovingthewritinginstrument.5、A.Nowsomethingwasneededtowriteuponthepapyrus.B.Thepapyrusbecamethemostpopularmaterialatthattime.C.Swanfeatherswereofahighquality,beingrareandmostexpensive.D.Bamboostemswerebetterandmuchmoreexpensivethangoosefeathers.E.Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodemfountainpeninthe19thcentury.F.Thesewe
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