2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Grammmarandusage3

WelcomeUnit3GrammarTheverb-edform

Canyoutellthefunctionoftheverb-inginthefollowingsentences?Theteacher’sencouragingwordsmadeallthestudentsregainconfidence.Thestoryhetolduswasveryexciting.Iwatchedtheathletesjumpingfromthedivingboardintotheswimmingpool.

theattribute

the

predicative

object

complement

Idon'tlikecannedfood;Iprefersomethingfresh.

2.Chinahasnotimetolosetocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesintheworld.3.Themandeliveringmailstomyofficeeverydayisaretiredworker.Theverb-edformsinthesesentencesareallusedastheattribute.Andaverb-edcanappearbeforeanountomodifythenoun.Averb-edformcanalsoserveasattribute,predicativeandobjectcomplement.Whentheverb-edformisusedasanattribute,itcanbechangedintoanattributiveclause.Nowpleasetelltheuseoftheverb-edforminthefollowingsentences.Canyouchangethefollowingattributiveclausesintoverb-edform?(1)Weshoulddrinkwaterwhichhasbeenboiled.Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.(2)Theytookthewomanwhowasinjuredtothenearbyhospitalatonce

Theytooktheinjuredwomantothenearbyhospitalatonce.(3)Thekidnapperswereusingacarwhichwasstolen.

Thekidnapperswereusingastolencar.(4)Thedark-hairedmanwentintotheroom.Themanwhowasdark-hairedwentintotheroom.

(5)Thenamewhichwasmentionedintheletterwasunknowntome.Thenamementionedintheletterwasknowntome.(6)Thefiremenweretryingtorescuepeoplewhoweretrappedinthefire.

Thefiremenweretryingtorescuepeopletrappedinthefire.(1)Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.(2)Thelittleboywasveryexcitedwhenheheardthathecouldgototheparty.Lookatthefollowingsentences:Theverb-edformsinterestedandexcited

inthetwosentencesareusedaspredicatives.Theyfollowlinkverbs.(1)

Thecakewasleftuntouchedonthetable.(2)Thegirllaytrappedunderthewreckage.(3)Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstoodbyhisstudentsinclass.

(4)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.Theverb-edformsareusedastheobjectcomplementsinthesentences.Theverb-edformcanexpressdifferentmeanings,thatis,thepassiveandthepastmeaning.Forexample:Englishisawidely

usedlanguage.=Englishisalanguagewhichisusedwidely.Healwayswearsthickglassesandholdsabookinhishand,whichmakeshisneighboursthinkheisa

well-educatedman.=Healwayswearsthickglassesandholdsabookinhishand,whichmakeshisneighboursthinkheisamanwhoiswell-educated.passiveThegroundiscoveredwithfallen

leaveswhenautumnwindblows.=Thegroundiscoveredwithleaveswhichhavefallenwhenautumnwindblows.SomecountriesliketheUSAandJapanaredevelopedcountries.=SomecountriesliketheUSAandJapanarecountrieswhichhavedeveloped.pastfadedflowers凋謝的花；newlyarrivedgoods新到的商品theexplodedbomb已爆炸彈；therisensun升起的太陽departedfriends離去的朋友；escapedprisoner逃犯aretiredteacher退休教師；returnedstudents歸國留學(xué)生Averb-edcanbeusedafterverbslike

stand,sitandlietoshowthatthetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime.Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandwaslostinthought.

Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.=Theboysatatthetableandwasburiedinhishomework.Averb-edphraseisactuallyaverb-edfollowedbyanobjectand/oradverbial.Verb-edphrasesespeciallythepassiveonescanbeusedtoexpressthetime,thereasonandthecondition.Canyourewritethefollowingsentences,usingclausesintroducedbywhen,once,because,if,unless…?

Frightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.Becauseshewasfrightenedbythescene,thegirldidnotdaregooutalone.(2)Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.(3)Unlessinvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.UnlessIaminvited,Iwillnotgototheparty.(4)Givenanotherfivedays,Icouldfinishitintime.

IfIwasgivenanotherfivedays,Icouldfinishitintime.(5)Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(6)Whentoldthenews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.Whenhewastoldthenews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.

NOTE:過去分詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致.Thedifferencesbetweenverb-edformsandtheverb-ingforms:(1)作狀語：分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語保持一致的情況下，如果分詞和句子的主語之間在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，否則用現(xiàn)在分詞。分詞短語也可以有自己的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞作狀語可以相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，習(xí)慣上不作伴隨狀語。注意比較下面的句子：Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,beingexhausted.(誤)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,exhausted.（正）

Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.獨(dú)立主格機(jī)構(gòu)(2)作表語：一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，-ed形式常和人有關(guān)，-ing形式常和物有關(guān)。look,expression等詞作主語時常用-ed形式作表語，但有時要看具體情況。請在下面的幾組句中體會他們的區(qū)別。Thenewswasveryexciting.Iwasexcitedatit..Thebookisinteresting.Heisinterestedinit.Thequestionispuzzling.Hislookispuzzled.Hisexpressionwasfrightening.Iwasfrightened.這類詞有很多，如：

delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的satisfying令人滿意的-satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的-surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的-worried感到擔(dān)心的tiring令人疲倦的-tired感到疲倦的boring令人厭煩的-bored感到厭煩的(3)作定語：過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系或過去分詞表示的動作已完成；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。Thepicturehangingonthewallispaintedbymynephew.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisahospital.Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.

LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,

known

as3M.Thekeytosolvingtheproblemistomeetthedemandmadebythecustomers.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.便于記憶-ed形式和-ing形式作表語及作定語時的區(qū)別的句子：Iaminterestedintheinterestingbook.Hewasexcitedattheexcitingnews.Theparentsweredisappointedabouttheirdisappointingson.Mr.Smith,tiredoftheboring speech,startedtoreadanovel.(4)作補(bǔ)語：跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheardWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.JustnowIcaughthimstealingthingsfromthesupermarket.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparentsworried.NOTE:非謂語動詞使用條件:一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。并非分詞的邏輯主語都要和句子的主語一致。此時的分詞短語又可稱為垂懸狀語。有些動詞不定式也可以這樣運(yùn)用。常見的這種情況有：Strictlyspeaking,smokingisnotallowedhere.

Judgingfromwhathesaid,heisasoutherner.

Takenasawhole,thereisnothingimportantinhisspeech.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikeEnglishteacher.Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tagreewithyouaboutthecase.動詞-ed的邏輯主語所作句子成分表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)邏輯主語句子的主語所修飾的詞句子的主語句子的賓語鏈接高考1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.

A．carryoutB．carryingout

C．carriedoutD．tocarryout2.________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven3.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_________frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed4.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen___atthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioning B.havequestioned C.questioned D.tobequestioned5.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit____oftenenough.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained6.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

Ａ．beginsＢ．havingbegun

Ｃ．beginningＤ．begun7.________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceHavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing8.______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed9._____time,he’llmakeafist-classtennisplayer.Havinggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.Given10.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

.A．tospend B．spent C．beingspent D．spending11.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.worried B.toworry C.worrying D.worry12.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe________murderlastnight.advised B.attendedC.attempted D.admitted13.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses___vacationtoChina.paying B.paid C.tobepaid D.beingpaid14.______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput15.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardA.makingherselfhear B.tomakeherselfhearwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall

A．Compare B．WhencomparingC．Comparing D．Whencompared___bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.A．Attracting B．Attracted C．Tobeattracted D．Havingattracted18.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.beingintroduced19.Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded20.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.

A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange21.____andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.

A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.TobesurprisingConsolidation

I.Multiplechoice:---What’sthelanguage_______in

NewZealand?---English.speaking

B.spoken

C.bespoken

D.tospeak2.Thecar_______inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.produced

B.producingC.toproduce

D.whichproduced3.---You’dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_____.It’stoodirty.---Thanks.Iwill.A.towash

B.washed

C.washing

D.wash4.YesterdayIheardastory_______bymyfriend.A.told

B.telling

C.totell

D.tell5.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating6._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.Exposed B.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed7.Generallyspeaking,when_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.taking B.takenC.totake D.tobetaken8.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.havingbeenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.written9.Isthisthewatchyouwish_____?tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired10._____manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.Havingbeentold

B.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.HavingtoldII.Translation:1.這扇朝南的窗戶是破的。Thewindowfacingthesouthisbroken.2.我們的班主任是一位受人愛戴的女性。Ourheadteacherisawomanlovedbyall.3.我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄來的。Theletterthatreachedmetodayisfrommybrother.4.輸?shù)裟菆霰荣惡?，她看上去很失望。Shelookeddisappointedaftershelostthegame.5.從山頂看這座城市時，它看起來很壯麗。

Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookssignificant.6.那位教授在學(xué)生們的簇?fù)硐?，興高采烈地坐在那兒。

Surroundedbyhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.Languagepoints

1.figureout:

tofinallyunderstandsomethingorsomeone,orfindthesolutiontoaproblemafteralotofthought:

[+questionword]

Ican'tfigureoutwhyhedidit.

我不能理解他為什么做這件事.Canyoufigureouttheanswertoquestion5?你能算出第五個問題的答案嗎?2.puzzle:

v.

[I+adverborpreposition;T]tofeelconfusedandslightlyworried

Thefindingsofthesurveypuzzleme調(diào)查的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我困惑.[+questionword]Itpuzzlesmewhyshesaidthat.

她為什么那樣說使我很困惑.

n.[S]asituationwhichisdifficulttounderstand:

[C]agameortoyinwhichyouhavetofitseparatepiecestogether,oraproblemorquestionwhichyouhavetoanswerbyusingyourskillorknowledge:

Scientistshavebeentryingtosolvethispuzzleforyears.

多年來科學(xué)家門一直在盡力解開這一謎底.acrosswordpuzzle

puzzled

adj.

confusedbecauseyoudonotunderstandsomething:

Hehadapuzzledlookonhisface.

I'mstillpuzzledastowhyshesaidthat.

I'mabitpuzzledthatIhaven'theardfromTomforsolong.

他臉上有一絲感到困惑的表情.至于她為什么那樣說我仍然感到困惑.我很久沒有收到Tom的來信我感到困惑.puzzling

adj.

difficulttoexplainorunderstand:

Eg.It'saratherpuzzlingfilm.

apuzzlingsituation3.cautious:

1)