2023高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題強(qiáng)化練十九完形填空-說明文議論文類

專題強(qiáng)化練（十九）完形填空——說明文、議論文類Test1（2022·廣州高三年級(jí)調(diào)研測試）InBotswana，thecattlearefedonthegrasslandssurroundingthebanksoftheOkavangoRiver.Thisareaisfullof1，includinghungrylionsandotherbigcatswhichoftenrelyonsurprisetoapproachquietlyand2theirprey（獵物）.Farmanimal3canbeeconomicallydisastrousfortheseoftenpoorfarmers，andtheirkillingstofightbackisamajor4ofpopulationdeclineinlargecats.Butwhatiftherewasa5thingfarmerscoulddoto6theirlosses？Theideawasthatpaintingeyesonthebacksidesofcowscan7lionsintothinkingthey'vebeenseenbytheirwould-beprey.Andonceseen，thesecatsoften8thehunt.Thisvisionarysolutionwas9bynature.Anumberofanimalspecieshave10eyespotsthatpreventtheir11enemiesfromhuntingthem—somefrogs'backsideshaveeyespots，asdothebackendsofsomefish.Probablythemostfamous12isbutterflies.Theyhaveeyespotsintheirwings，andthesediscouragehunterssuchasbirdsfromattackingthem.Evenhumansare13byimageslikeeyespots：Onestudyfoundthatthievesarelesslikelytostealbikeswhenanimageof14eyesisdisplayednearby.Throughthefour-year-longtrial，researchersfoundthatnotoneofthehundredsofcowswitheyesontheirbacksideswas15byahunter.【語篇解讀】受蝴蝶翅膀上眼狀斑紋和青蛙屁股上眼點(diǎn)等的啟發(fā)，為保護(hù)奶牛免受獅子等大型貓科動(dòng)物襲擊，農(nóng)場主們在奶牛的屁股上畫上眼睛。研究表明，這種方法操作簡單，并取得了良好的效果。1.A.grass B.wildlifeC.resources D.wonders解析：根據(jù)空后的“includinghungrylionsandotherbigcats”可知，該空表示的事物包括饑餓的獅子和其他大型貓科動(dòng)物；據(jù)此可知，這片地區(qū)滿是野生動(dòng)物。答案：B2.A.set B.bringC.drive D.catch解析：結(jié)合該句中的“whichoftenrelyonsurprisetoapproachquietly”及常識(shí)可知，這些大型貓科動(dòng)物會(huì)悄悄地靠近然后逮住獵物。set“安排”；bring“帶來”；drive“趕走”；catch“逮住，捕捉”。答案：D3.A.losses B.shortagesC.products D.diseases解析：根據(jù)首段尾句可知，這些猛獸會(huì)先悄悄地靠近獵物再獵殺；又結(jié)合該句中的“beeconomicallydisastrous”可知，牲畜的損失會(huì)給農(nóng)場主們帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)災(zāi)難。答案：A4.A.cause B.effectC.part D.problem解析：根據(jù)該句中的“ofpopulationdeclineinlargecats”可知，農(nóng)場主們?yōu)榱诉€擊而獵殺是大型貓科動(dòng)物數(shù)量下降的一個(gè)主要原因。答案：A5.A.silly B.complexC.simple D.cruel解析：根據(jù)下句中的“Theideawasthat...theirwould-beprey”可知，這一想法是在奶牛屁股上畫上眼睛；又結(jié)合該句語境可知，此處表示一件農(nóng)場主能做的以減少他們的損失的簡單事情。答案：C6.A.double B.cutC.balance D.cover解析：參見上題解析。cut“削減，減少”。答案：B7.A.trick B.talkC.force D.frighten解析：根據(jù)該句中的“paintingeyesonthebacksidesofcows”和“thinkingthey'vebeenseen”可知，在奶牛屁股上畫上眼睛能誘使獅子以為它們已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。tricksbintodoingsth為固定搭配，意為“誘使某人做某事”。答案：A8.A.join B.continueC.restart D.abandon解析：根據(jù)上句可知，在奶牛屁股上畫上眼睛能誘使獅子以為它們已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。又結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些貓科動(dòng)物經(jīng)常會(huì)放棄捕獵。答案：D9.A.supported B.challengedC.inspired D.created解析：根據(jù)下句中的“somefrogs'backsides...ofsomefish”可知，一些青蛙和魚的屁股上有眼點(diǎn)；據(jù)此可知，這個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)見的解決辦法是受大自然的啟發(fā)。答案：C10.A.painted B.carvedC.discovered D.developed解析：根據(jù)該句中的“somefrogs'backsides...ofsomefish”可知，一些青蛙和魚的屁股上有眼點(diǎn)；據(jù)此可知，許多動(dòng)物物種進(jìn)化了眼點(diǎn)。答案：D11.A.angry B.deadlyC.lonely D.greedy解析：根據(jù)該句中的“fromhuntingthem”可知，這些眼點(diǎn)阻止了它們的死敵獵殺它們。deadly“致命的”。答案：B12.A.solution B.studyC.example D.marking解析：根據(jù)該句中的“butterflies”可知，該處以蝴蝶為例說明動(dòng)物身上眼點(diǎn)的作用；據(jù)此可知，該處指“最著名的例子”。答案：C13.A.annoyed B.puzzledC.influenced D.attracted解析：根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)附近有警惕的眼睛的圖像時(shí)，小偷不大可能偷自行車；據(jù)此可知，人類也受類似眼點(diǎn)的圖像的影響。答案：C14.A.doubtful B.thoughtfulC.fearful D.watchful解析：參見上題解析。watchful“警惕的”。答案：D15.A.attacked B.foundC.recognized D.scared解析：根據(jù)該句中的“byahunter”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在數(shù)百頭屁股上有眼睛的奶牛中，沒有一頭受到獵獸的攻擊。attack“攻擊”。答案：ATest2（2022·沈陽市級(jí)重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)合體高三聯(lián)考）OnthatdayIwasleavingformyholidaywhenIheardafamiliarsoundoftheferrymanurgingpeopletohurryandbeonboard.Asitalwayswas，Iwasamongthelateones（Iamstillstrugglingtobeontime）.Intheend，I1toboardtheboatandthejourneybegan.Afterafewdays，Iwasfrom2headingbacktoworkonasmallbeautifulisland.WhileIwasonmyholidays，thingsweren'tgoingaswellasIhad3Ｗ.Ididn'tfeelexcitedandwasin4spirits.Isatinacorneroftheboatandcuddledup（依偎）againstmy5closetome.InmymindIjustwantedtobe6andIdidn'twantanyonetotalktomebecauseIneverwantedtotakeitoutonanyone.7inthought，IstaredupattheskyandthesceneIsawcaughtmyattention.Ilookedwithgreatcareandnoticedhowacertainpartofclouds8athumb-uppattern.Itwaslaidso9thatIcouldn'thelpbutsmile.Seeingthatthumb-uppatternwaslikeabreathoffreshair.Itremindedmethateverythingwasgoingtobe10，andthatIhadtobreatheitinandtakeitonedayatatime.So，lifeisn'talwaysperfect.Thingshappen11.Attimesitgetsallmessy12attimesitfeelslikeyouhaveitall.Weshouldlearntotakeitallin，stopforawhileand13whatwehaveregardlessofhowsmallorbigitmayseem.Remembertosmileand14atthesky，oryouwillneverknowwhatcloudpatternmay15yourday！【語篇解讀】旅行時(shí)，作者情緒低落，偶然抬頭看天空，發(fā)現(xiàn)一朵云形成了一個(gè)大拇指向上的圖案。作者微笑起來，意識(shí)到生活并不總是那么完美，我們要學(xué)會(huì)欣賞自己所擁有的一切。1.A.managed B.appearedC.intended D.agreed解析：根據(jù)上句中的“strugglingto”并結(jié)合該句中的“thejourneybegan”可知，我設(shè)法登上了船，旅程開始了。managetodosth.“設(shè)法（做成某事）”。答案：A2.A.office B.marketC.hospital D.holiday解析：根據(jù)文章第一句中的“formyholiday”并結(jié)合該句中的“Afterafewdays”“headingbacktowork”可知，數(shù)天后，我度假結(jié)束，準(zhǔn)備去一座美麗的小島上工作。答案：D3.A.rejected B.recordedC.explained D.thought解析：根據(jù)下句中的“Ididn'tfeelexcited”可知，我并沒有感到激動(dòng)；結(jié)合該句中的“thingsweren'tgoingaswell”可以判斷，事情的發(fā)展并不如我想象的那樣順利。D項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為，想象，試想”。答案：D4.A.low B.highC.short D.wide解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Ididn'tfeelexcited”可知，我并沒有感到激動(dòng)；據(jù)此可知，我感到“情緒低落”。inlowspirits“情緒低落”。答案：A5.A.relative B.backpackC.colleague D.friend解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合“旅行帶背包”這一常識(shí)可以推知，我坐在船的一個(gè)角落里，依偎著離我很近的背包。答案：B6.A.satisfied B.thrilledC.alone D.awake解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Ididn'twantanyonetotalktome”可知，我不想跟任何人說話，據(jù)此可知，我想獨(dú)自一人。C項(xiàng)“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。答案：C7.A.Lost B.DroppedC.Kept D.Exposed解析：根據(jù)語境和該句中的“inthought”可知，此處表示我抬頭凝視著天空，陷入了沉思。lostinthought“陷入沉思”。答案：A8.A.transformed B.withdrewC.formed D.blew解析：根據(jù)該句中的“acertainpartofclouds”和“athumb-uppattern”可知，我非常仔細(xì)地觀察，注意到云的某一部分是如何形成一個(gè)大拇指向上的圖案的。C項(xiàng)“（使）形成，（使）出現(xiàn)”。答案：C9.A.uglily B.heavilyC.perfectly D.freely解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Icouldn'thelpbutsmile”可知，我禁不住笑了，據(jù)此可知，圖案形成得非常完美。C項(xiàng)“完美地”。答案：C10.A.exciting B.alrightC.familiar D.flexible解析：根據(jù)空前的“Seeingthatthumb-uppatternwaslikeabreathoffreshair”可知，看到大拇指向上的圖案就像呼吸了一股新鮮空氣，據(jù)此可知，這讓我意識(shí)到一切都將沒事的。答案：B11.A.successfully B.eventuallyC.unexpectedly D.quickly解析：根據(jù)上句中的“l(fā)ifeisn'talwaysperfect”可知，生活并非總是完美的；據(jù)此可知，事物有時(shí)發(fā)生并非如我們所料。C項(xiàng)“出乎意料地，意外地”。答案：C12.A.while B.unlessC.since D.before解析：有時(shí)事情變得一團(tuán)糟，而有時(shí)你會(huì)感覺擁有了一切。根據(jù)句意可知，空處前后表對比，故用while“（對比兩件事物）……而”。答案：A13.A.research B.challengeC.appreciate D.match解析：根據(jù)前文描述的我欣賞云的變化并結(jié)合該句中的“Weshouldlearntotakeitallin，stopforawhile”可知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)接受一切，停下來一會(huì)兒，欣賞我們所擁有的。C項(xiàng)“欣賞”。答案：C14.A.turnup B.lookupC.makeup D.cheerup解析：根據(jù)該句中的“atthesky”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，記住要抬頭望天空。B項(xiàng)意為“向上看”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“（意外地或終于）出現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)“編造”；D項(xiàng)“振奮起來”。答案：B15.A.ruin B.spendC.brighten D.seize解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Remembertosmile”并結(jié)合我看云的經(jīng)歷可知，記得笑著抬頭看天，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道什么樣的云朵圖案會(huì)使你一天心情愉快！C項(xiàng)“（使）增添樂趣，有希望”。答案：CTest3ManyWesternculturesmeasuretheirdayswiththesolarcalendar.Therefore，they1thecomingoftheNewYearon1January.CulturesinAsiauseothercalendarsandcelebratetheNewYearatothertimes.Eventsandrituals2fromcountrytocountry.Butineachplace，NewYearcelebrationsareabig3.MostworldcultureshavebeencelebratingtheNewYearforcenturies.TheearliestNewYearcelebrationstookplaceduringspringor4time.With5weatherahead，orplentyoffoodtoeat，people6feltlikehavingaparty！Asthedaysbecamelongerandasnaturereneweditself，peoplealsofeltliketheycouldhaveanewstart.TheNewYearcouldbringbetterfortune，moreopportunitiesandnewchallenges.Such7ideasremainthesametoday.Somecultureshave8NewYeartraditions.Italiansthrowoldthingsoutoftheirwindowsatmidnight，symbolizingthe9oftheold.PeopleofthePhilippinesfiregunsintotheairtowardoff10.Danesjumpoffchairsexactlyastheclock11midnight，sotheycan“jump”intotheNewYear.GreekchildrenleavetheirshoesbythefireplaceonNewYear'sDay.Theyhopesomeonewillcomeandfilltheshoeswith12.InVancouver，Canada，somepeoplecelebratetheNewYearbyjumpingintotheocean.Theweatherisfreezingcold！Asyoumightexpect，mostpeoplecometowatchtheswimmers13swimthemselves.LondonhostsanannualNewYear'sDayparadethat14nearlyamillionspectators.Itfeaturesbands，floatsandenormousballoons.Theseballoonsaresohugethatthey15overnearbybuildings！【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多個(gè)國家慶祝新年的時(shí)間、由來及一些文化中特別的慶祝傳統(tǒng)。1.A.observe B.noticeC.expect D.decide解析：根據(jù)下文中的celebrate可知，此處意為“他們在1月1日慶祝（observe）新年的到來”。答案：A2.A.happen B.developC.vary D.hold解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)和第三段介紹的多個(gè)國家不同的慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)可知，此處應(yīng)為國家與國家之間的活動(dòng)與習(xí)慣不同。答案：C3.A.burden B.reunionC.deal D.success解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在每個(gè)地方，慶祝新年都是一件重要的事情（deal）。答案：C4.A.summer B.harvestC.labor D.leisure解析：根據(jù)下句中的“orplentyoffoodtoeat”可知，此處表示最早的新年慶?；顒?dòng)是在春天或是收獲（harvest）的時(shí)期舉行。答案：B5.A.colder B.changeableC.extreme D.better解析：根據(jù)上句中的duringspring可知，此處應(yīng)為由于接下來天氣轉(zhuǎn)好（better）。答案：D6.A.eventually B.naturallyC.occasionally D.e