Unit+1+The+mass+media++Reading+Be+a+critical+news+reader!全文翻譯對(duì)照講-【知識(shí)精研+拓展延伸】高中英語牛津譯林版(2020)選擇性必修第二冊(cè)+

Unit1TheMassMedia

Welcometotheunit&Reading詞匯critical-->commitment

新譯林2020版

選必二Leading-inEverycoinhastwosides.Whatdoyouthinkarethedisadvantagesofmassmedia?Pre-readingThetwonewsreportsandthearticlebelowencourageyoutobeacriticalnewsreader.Readersneedtoanalyze,interpretandevaluatethenews.TheyusuallyQUESTIONboththetextandtheirownunderstandingofthenews.Whatdoyouthinkmakesacriticalnewsreader?Acriticalreaderwould:believethatanewsreportcanbegenuineorfake.beawarethatdifferentnewsreportsmayhavedifferentfocuses.notbeeasilyinfluencedbywhatisreportedinthenews.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheheadlinesofthetwonewsreports?NewsOneNewsTwoFirefightersputouttowerblockfireDeadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamage高層建筑；辦公大樓Subject./Maincontent.While-readingReadthetwonewsreportsandanswerthequestions.Fastreading1.Fromthetitles,whatdoyouthinkthetwonewsreportsfocusoninadifferentway?Theleftonefocusesonfirefighters’efforts,whiletherightonefocusesonseriousdamagecausedbythedeadlyfire.2.Whatfactorsmaycausethetwonewsreports’beingpresentedinsuchadifferentway?Journalists’differentperspectivestoshowtheiruniquenessortodrawreaders’attraction.FirstNewsReportonP2FirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelast

night.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythrough

thetower

block

onSundaynight,

leavingpeople

ontheupperfloors

trapped.Fearsgrew

thatthenumber

ofdeathscould

reach5,according

tofiguresreleased

byemergency

services.昨晚消防員迅速撲滅了亨德森大樓的大火。周日晚上的這場(chǎng)大火被認(rèn)為起于九樓，并迅速蔓延至整棟大樓，導(dǎo)致九樓以上的人被困。根據(jù)應(yīng)急服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)公布的數(shù)據(jù)，人們更加擔(dān)心死亡人數(shù)可能達(dá)到5人。BeaCriticalNewsReader!Firefightersputouttowerblockfire10Julybethoughttohavedone…被認(rèn)為做了……強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生也可使用bethoughttodo/be…的形式：被認(rèn)為做/是……。e.g.Classicalmusicisoftenthoughttobedifficultandinaccessible.人們常常認(rèn)為古典音樂曲高和寡。1FirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelastnight.

句意：消防隊(duì)員昨晚迅速撲滅了亨德森大廈的大火。putout

熄滅，撲滅例：用了兩小時(shí)才把火撲滅。Ittooktwohoursto___________thefire.putoutWhatareothermeaningsof“putout”?Paulahadputoutherluggageforthebus.HeputouthishandtoAlfred.Hecrossedtothenightstandandputoutthelight.WeputoutfromLiverpool.伸向……關(guān)燈把……放好備用啟航句意：消防隊(duì)員在晚上11點(diǎn)左右控制了局勢(shì)。2Firefightersgotthesituationundercontrolaround11p.m.get...undercontrol得到……控制例：1.我們必須控制住經(jīng)濟(jì)，否則它真地就會(huì)把我們困住。We'vegotto__________________________________oritwillliterallyeatusup.gettheeconomyundercontrolTheyneedto_____________________________asquicklyaspossible,appealingforforeignhelpifneedbe.2.他們需要在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)控制局勢(shì)，如果有必要可請(qǐng)求國(guó)外支援。getthingsundercontrol2.Thefire,which

isthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果leavesb.done

讓某人被……晚上的這場(chǎng)大火被認(rèn)為是從九樓開始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓樓，導(dǎo)致高樓層的人們被困在里面?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然的、順理成章的結(jié)果。句子的主謂部分與分詞之間含有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。表示結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在分詞短語通常放在句子的后面，其前常有逗號(hào)隔開,分詞短語前有時(shí)可加上thus或thereby。作結(jié)果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語的邏輯主語可以是句子的主語，也可以是前面的整個(gè)句子。1.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.(P2)【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)Hisparentshaddied,_______________________(給他留下了許多錢).2)Anumberofnewmachineswereinstalledinthefactory,______________________________________(從而導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量的增加).3)He

dropped

the

glass,

___________________(摔成了碎片).leavinghimalotofmoneythusresultinginanincreaseofproductionbreakingitintopiecesFireenginesand

ambulances,

calledat9:30p.m.,reachedthescenewithin15minutes.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.

Firefighters

gotthesituationundercontrolaround11p.m.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.

昨晚9點(diǎn)30分，消防車和救護(hù)車接到呼叫，并于15分鐘內(nèi)趕到火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。此時(shí)火勢(shì)已蔓延至十六樓。晚上11點(diǎn)左右，消防員控制住了火勢(shì)。有人擔(dān)心建造這棟高樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規(guī)范。V-ed被呼叫5.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.【句意】

有人擔(dān)心建造該公寓大樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規(guī)定。1)Thereisconcernthat...有人擔(dān)心……2)第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明concern。3)第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，對(duì)theconstructioncompany

加以修飾。Detailedreading4.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothepassage.

Firefighters_______towerblockfireFirefightersquickly________theHendersonTowerfirelastnight.Thefire,whichisthoughtto___________(start)fromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,______peopleontheupperfloors_______.Fears_____thatthenumberofdeathscould______5,accordingtofigures_______byemergencyservices.Fireenginesand__________,______(call)at9:30p.m.,reachedthe_____within15minutes.Bythistime,thefire___________(extend)tothe15thfloor.Firefightersgotthesituation___________around11p.m.Thereis__________thatthe___________companythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowed________________.trappedputouthavestartedleavingputoutgrewreachreleasedambulancescalledscenehadextendedundercontrolconcernconstructionfiresafetyrulesSecondNewsReportonP2AterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.Emergencyservices

estimatethatthenumberofdeathscouldreach9.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeenconfirmeddead.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.LisaMayer,29,isamongtheluckyoneswhoonlysufferedminorinjuries.周日晚間突發(fā)一場(chǎng)可怕的大火，致使亨德森大樓嚴(yán)重受損。應(yīng)急服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì)死亡人數(shù)可能達(dá)到9人。截至今天上午，已有4人確認(rèn)死亡。大火還造成許多人受傷，其中5人傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻。29歲的莉薩?·?邁耶是只受了輕傷的幸運(yùn)人士之一。Deadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamage11JulyLocalnewsA2Emergencyservicesestimatethat...(line2)v.tomakeanapproximatejudgmentorcalculationofit

估價(jià)；估算n.估計(jì)；判斷；估價(jià)estimated估計(jì)的Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)...asaroughestimate粗略估計(jì)...Unit11.______isestimatedthattheprojectwilllastthreeyears.2._______aroughestimate,thetotalcostforthetreatmentwillprobablygoto10,000yuan.3.Thesatelllitewillcostan_____________(estimate)100millionyuan.4.Atleastthenumberofdeathscouldreach6andthatis_________conservativeestimate.Practicemakesperfect.AsItestimatedaSherecalled,“IwasabouttohaveabathwhenI

heardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.Ilookedoutsideandthesmoke

waschokingme.Itwaslikeanawfuldream.”MrPeterson,headofthefiredepartment,confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooff

quicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.她回憶說：“我正要洗澡，就聽到有人尖叫，還有狗在叫。我向外看，卻被濃煙嗆住。這就像一場(chǎng)可怕的夢(mèng)?！毕狸?duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)彼得森先生證實(shí)，一根掉在九樓一塊地毯上的煙頭引起了火災(zāi)，而自動(dòng)火警報(bào)警器沒有及時(shí)報(bào)警，因而導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難的發(fā)生。調(diào)查組目前正在進(jìn)一步調(diào)查這起事故。句意：我正要洗澡，突然聽到有人在喊，狗在叫……was/wereabouttodo…when…（剛要做……突然）3“IwasabouttohaveabathwhenI

heardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking...”例1：我們正要離開，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。We______________________whenthetelephone_____.例2：我正要上床，但這時(shí)聽到了遠(yuǎn)處有汽車嗚嗚作聲。I__________________________whenIheardcarspurrinthedistance.時(shí)間狀語從句wereabouttoleaverangwasabouttogotobed①…was/weredoing…when…（正在做……突然）②…was/wereabouttodo…when…（剛要做……突然）③…was/wereonthepointofdoing…when…(剛要做……突然)④…h(huán)adjustdone…when….(剛一……就)⑤Hardly/Scarcelyhad…done…when…(剛一……就)【拓展】when從句的固定搭配Iwasjustgoingoutwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.Theywereonthepointofsettingoutwhenalightrainbegantofall.ThelocalpolicehadhardlyfinishedtheirexaminationwhentheCIDarrived.Detailedreading

________fireintowerblockcausesserious_______AfirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHTseriously________.Emergencyservices_______thatthenumberofdeathscouldreach9.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeen____________.Thefirehasleft______ofpeople______,5ofwhomareina______condition.LisaMayer,whosuffered_____injuries,______thatshe___________haveabath_____sheheardpeople________anddogs________.Thesmoke______her.Itwaslikean_____dream.MrPeterson________thata_______cigaretteendstartedthefireandthatthe________firealarmsdidnot________quicklyenoughtopreventthe________.Ateamiscurrently____________theaccidentfurther.confirmeddeaddamagedamagedestimateDeadlydozensinjuredcriticalminorrecalledwasabouttowhenstreamingbarkingchokedawfulconfirmsdroppedautomaticgooffdisasterinvestigatingPassageonP3ReadingNewsReportsCriticallyWerelyon

newstolearnaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.However,weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentorevencontradictoryinformation.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?我們依賴新聞來了解周圍的世界正在發(fā)生什么事情。然而，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)同一事件的不同報(bào)道往往包含不同甚至互相矛盾的信息。這些差異是如何產(chǎn)生的？Para.1Werelyonnewstolearnaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.【語境應(yīng)用】仿寫句子?，F(xiàn)如今,我們大多數(shù)人依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)來了解國(guó)外的動(dòng)態(tài)。MostofusnowrelyontheInternettoknowwhatisgoingonoverseas.本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。whatishappeningintheworldaroundus是賓語從句。relyon...todo...依賴……做……Itisadvisabletoremember

thatjournalistsmayhavedifferentpriorities,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.Let'stakethetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfireasanexample.Wecanseethatthefirstnewsreportpaysmoreattentiontotherescueefforts,whilethesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries.Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandaneventinamorecomprehensiveway.

明智的做法是記住記者眼中的首要事項(xiàng)可能會(huì)有所不同，這會(huì)影響他們?nèi)绾螆?bào)道一則事件。讓我們以這兩篇有關(guān)亨德森大樓火災(zāi)的新聞報(bào)道為例。我們可以看到，第一篇新聞報(bào)道更關(guān)注救援工作，而第二篇談?wù)摳嗟膭t是傷亡情況。當(dāng)我們讀到不止一篇報(bào)道時(shí)，我們就能更全面地了解一起事件。Para.2Wecanseethatthefirstnewsreportpaysmoreattentiontotherescueefforts,whilethesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries.

【分析】主從復(fù)合句。Wecansee為主句；thatthefirstnewsreport...andinjuries為賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，while連接兩個(gè)分句，表示對(duì)比。Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachother

intermsoffactualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.Forinstance,thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.Instead,checkwhenthereportswerewritten.即使新聞報(bào)道的撰寫角度基本相同，它們也可能在事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)上相互矛盾，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的事件通常是復(fù)雜且不斷變化的。例如，在兩篇有關(guān)亨德森大樓火災(zāi)的新聞報(bào)道中，死亡人數(shù)截然不同。當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些事實(shí)性差異時(shí)，不應(yīng)急于下結(jié)論，認(rèn)為其中一篇新聞報(bào)道提供了錯(cuò)誤信息。相反，要核查這些報(bào)道的撰寫時(shí)間。Para.34Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.句意：當(dāng)我們遇到這樣的事實(shí)差異時(shí)，我們不應(yīng)該匆忙得出結(jié)論，認(rèn)為其中一篇新聞報(bào)道提供了虛假信息。例：1.我昨天遇到了一群企鵝。I_____________penguinsyesterday.2.也許我會(huì)在法國(guó)遇見他。PerhapsIshall_____________himinFrance.comeacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；偶然遇見cameacrosscomeacross4Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.例：1.我們可以推出很多現(xiàn)象，而不要急于下結(jié)論。Wecanintroducemanyphenomena,butnot__________________________.rushtotheconclusion倉促下結(jié)論totheconclusionrush【拓展】conclusion相關(guān)短語inconclusion最后；總而言之jumptoconclusion貿(mào)然斷言tryconclusion與……一比高低；與……一決勝負(fù)

2.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.(P3)同位語從句常跟在fact,thought,idea,conclusion,opinion,news,hope,belief等名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。連接同位語從句的that只起連接作用,無具體詞義,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,且that不可省略。【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)I________________________________________theseforestswouldbelostforever.

一想到這些森林將永遠(yuǎn)消失，我就受不了。2)Manyexperts_______________________________manydiseaseswerelinkedtosmoking.許多專家得出這樣的結(jié)論：許多疾病與吸煙有關(guān)。3)Thenews_______________________________________madeusexcited.

我們要舉行聚會(huì)的消息使我們很興奮。couldn’tbearthethoughtthatdrewtheconclusionthatthatwewouldhaveapartyNewsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofanevent

couldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.Anotheraspectworthyofmentionisthatjournalistsmayapproachinformationtheygetfromresearchorinterviewsdifferently.Supposeemergencyservices'estimatesofthenumberofdeathsvarybetween5and9.Journalistsmaychoosetopresenttheminimum,themaximumorsomethinginbetweenintheirnewsreports.Therefore,checkingdifferentsourcesenablesusto

drawamoreinformedconclusion.隨著新的事實(shí)被披露，在同一起事件的不同階段撰寫的新聞報(bào)道可能包含不同的信息。另一個(gè)值得一提的方面是，記者可能會(huì)以不同的方式處理他們從調(diào)查或采訪中獲得的信息。假設(shè)應(yīng)急服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì)的死亡人數(shù)在5人到9人之間，記者可能會(huì)選擇在他們的新聞報(bào)道中呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的最小值、最大值或中間的某個(gè)數(shù)值。因此，核實(shí)信息的不同來源能夠讓我們得出更有根據(jù)的結(jié)論。Para.3V-ed作后置定語Tosumup,

itiswisetoreadnewsreportswrittenfromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages,whichbringsusamoreaccurateunderstandingofasituation.Wealsoneedtobecriticalabouttheinformationwereceiveandremembernottoblindlytrustwhatwehaveread.Thoughjournalistsare

committedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.Withgreatdiscrimination,everyoneofushasthepotentialtobeacritical

newsreader.總之，閱讀從不同角度、不同階段寫就的新聞報(bào)道是明智之舉，這樣可以讓我們更準(zhǔn)確地了解情況。我們也需要批判性地看待我們接收到的信息，并且記住不要盲目相信我們讀到的新聞報(bào)道。盡管記者致力于呈現(xiàn)真相，我們最好還是運(yùn)用自己的判斷力，而非完全依賴新聞報(bào)道。有了明辨是非的能力，我們每個(gè)人都有潛力成為一名有判斷力的新聞讀者。Para.4句意：雖然記者致力于報(bào)道真相，但我們最好能自己做出判斷，而不是完全依賴新聞報(bào)道。5Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.becommittedto(doing)sth致力于……獻(xiàn)身于……例1：這女孩去年被交給姨母照顧。Thegirl______________________thecareofanauntlastyear.例2：我們將致力為新老客戶服務(wù)。Wewill______________theoldandnewservicestocustomers.例3：我致力于改善世界各地婦女的健康。Iamcommittedto_________

thehealthofwomeneverywhere.becommittedtoimprovingwascommittedtoFurtherConsolidationonthetext.Firefightersquicklyput________theHendersonTowerfirelastnight.Thefire,whichisthought_______________(start)fromthe8thfloor.Aterriblefirebrokeout________Sundaynight,__________(leave)theHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeople__________(injure)，5of_________areinacriticalcondition.Theautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgo______quicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.Unit1outTextReviewtohavestartedonleavinginjuredwhomoff6.Werelyonnews___________(learn)aboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.7.Weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentoreven____________(contradict)information.8.Itis___________(advise)torememberthatjournalistsmayhavedifferentpriorities.9.Let’stakethetwonewsreports___________theHendersonTowerfire_______anexample.10.Whenwecome__________suchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtothe____________(conclude)thatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.Unit1tolearnTextReviewcontradictoryonadvisableasacrossconclusion11.Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfacts__________(bring)tolight.12.Therefore,checkingdifferentsourcesenablesustodrawamore___________(inform)conclusion.13.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedto___________(present)thetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrely__________(entire)onnewsreports.14.Withgreatdiscrimination,everyoneofushasthepotential___________(be)acriticalnewsreader.Unit1arebroughtTextReviewinformedpresentingentirelytobeAdroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorTimePlaceDeathsandinjuriesRescueeffortsCauseNewsreport1SundaynightHendersonTower(1)____________________________________________________________________(2)_________________________________________________________Newsreport24confirmeddeadanddozensofpeopleinjured(3)_____________________________________Thenumberofdeathcouldreach5Fireenginesandambulancesreachedthescenewithin15minutesA1A1NewsreportsusuallyPart1:Para.

.Summarizethemainideaofeachparagraphbyfillinginthechart.ReadingnewsreportscriticallyPart2:Paras.

.Part3:Para.

.12-34Differencesbetweennewsreportsmaydependon

Wecaninmanyways.comewithdifferenceshowandwhenthenewsreportsarewritten.becomecriticalnewsreadersFastreadingReadingnewsreportscriticallyWhydonewsreportsdifferfromorevencontradicteachother?(4)_______________________________________________________________________________.Newsreportsmaybewrittenatdifferentstagesofanevent.(5)_______________________________________________________________________________.Howcanwebecriticalnewsreaders?Readdifferentnewsreportsonthesameeventwrittenfromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages.(6)______________________________________________________________________________.It’sbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreportsJournalistsmayapproachinformationtheygetfromresearchorinterviewsdifferentlyJournalistswritethenewsfromdifferentperspectivesDetaied-reading1.Howlongdidittakethefirefighterstogetthesituationundercontrolaccordingtothefirstnewsreport?2.HowdidLisafeelaboutthefireaccordingtothesecondnewsreport?A2Readthetwonewsreportsandthearticleagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.Aboutonehourandfifteenminutes.Shefeltitwaslikeanawfuldream.3.Whatshouldwenotdowhenwecomeacrossfactualdifferencesindifferentnewsreports?4.Whatmaydifferentjournalistsdowhenanestimateofanumberisgiven?W