英語(yǔ)中常用后綴

后綴（Suffixes)一、名詞后綴1.表示“人”的后綴（1）具有某種職業(yè)的人=1\*GB3①-ian加在以-c或-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或名詞后，如：electric→electrician電工physic['f?z?k]→physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生technical→technician技術(shù)員music→musician音樂(lè)家magic→magician魔術(shù)師library→librarian圖書(shū)管理員comedy→comedian喜劇演員history→historian歷史學(xué)家=2\*GB3②-erplumber水管工人banker銀行家carpenter木匠（2）支持或信奉……的人，……主義者-istterror恐怖→terrorist恐怖主義者social社會(huì)的→socialist社會(huì)主義者extreme極端→extremist極端主義者-ist表示人稱名詞Specialist專家Biologist生物學(xué)家Economist經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Chemist化學(xué)家chemistryViolinistviolinist英[,va??'l?n?st]美[,va??'l?n?st]n.小提琴演奏者，小提琴家Idealistn.空想家，理想主義者；唯心主義者adj.理想主義的；唯心主義的-arianhumanity人道→humanitarian人道主義者vegetable蔬菜→vegetarian[ved??'te?r??n]素食主義者authority權(quán)力→authoritarian[??,θ?r?'te?r??n]權(quán)力主義者（3）做某事的人-arbeggar乞丐liar撒謊者-arymissionary

['m??(?)n(?)r?]1傳教士secretary秘書(shū)-atecandidate['k?nd?de?t;-d?t]候選人advocate['?dv?k?t]倡導(dǎo)者-atornarrator敘述者mediator調(diào)停人-istnovelist小說(shuō)家dentist牙醫(yī)-eervolunteer志愿者mountaineer登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員-erteacherwriterReceiverCarrierBeginnerWinnerrunnerwriter-orinventorauthor-eeexaminee考生trainee接受培訓(xùn)者interviewee[,?nt?vju?'i?]接受面談?wù)?；被接?jiàn)者（4）表示感情色彩-y（人或小東西，有喜愛(ài)和親昵的含義）fatty胖子doggy小狗狗kitty(=pussy)小貓咪piggy(=piglet)小豬pony小馬-ster（常含有貶義，做…事情的人，是…樣的人）game游戲→gamester賭徒gang一伙→gangster匪徒trick詭計(jì)→trickster騙子rhyme韻律→rhymester['ra?mst?]作詩(shī)者，打油詩(shī)人（5）表示陰性-essgoddess女神hostess'h??st?s女主人2.抽象名詞的后綴（1）學(xué)科-ic,-icslogic邏輯學(xué)rhetoric英['ret?r?k]美['r?t?r?k]n.修辭，修辭學(xué)；華麗的詞藻adj.花言巧語(yǔ)的dynamics英[da?'n?m?ks]美[da?'n?m?ksn.動(dòng)力學(xué)，力學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)（dynamicist[dai'n?misist]）acoustics[?'ku?st?ks]n.聲學(xué)；音響效果，音質(zhì)聲學(xué)astronautics[?str?'n??t?ks]航天學(xué)Pediatrics英[,pi?d?'?tr?ks]美[,pidi'?tr?ks]n.小兒科psychiatricsn.[內(nèi)科]精神病學(xué)physics英['f?z?ks]美['f?z?ks]n.物理學(xué)；物理現(xiàn)象（physicist['f?z?s?st]）-ology…學(xué)biology生物學(xué)（biologist）geology地質(zhì)學(xué)（geologist）psychology心理學(xué)（psychologist

[sa?'k?l?d??st]）hydrology水文學(xué)3.表示工具和物質(zhì)名稱-al（物品或事物名稱）manual手冊(cè)pictorial畫(huà)報(bào)editorial社論journal日記，期刊-er（用于做某事的物品或工具）cooker廚具lawnmower割草機(jī)dishwasher洗碗機(jī)propeller推進(jìn)器fertilizer化肥-ery物品總稱machinery機(jī)器jewellery['d?u??lr?]珠寶crockery['kr?k?ri]陶器（=china）cutlery刀具4.帶有“小”含義的名詞-enkitten小貓chicken小雞-ettecigarette香煙-lingduckling小鴨-letbooklet小冊(cè)子(pamphlet)-cleparticle微粒5.抽象名詞后綴（1）性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、情況-ance,-ancy（-ant結(jié)尾的形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞）constant始終如一的→constancypregnant懷孕的→pregnancyelegant優(yōu)雅的→elegancy/eleganceredundant多余的→redundancy/redundanceInfancyinfant小孩infancy幼年時(shí)代-ance,-ancy附著在動(dòng)詞后面構(gòu)成名詞disturb打擾→disturbanceforbear忍受→forbearanceresemble像→resemblance相像ascend上升→ascendancy優(yōu)勢(shì)地位Significance=importance-ence,-ency（-ent結(jié)尾的形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞）dependent依靠→dependenceprudent謹(jǐn)慎→prudenceTendencytend傾向于tendency傾向nFrequencySufficiency英[s?'f??(?)ns?]美[s?'f??nsi]n.足量，充足；自滿fluent流利的→fluencyefficient有效率的→efficiencycomplacent自滿的→complacencyInterferenceOccurrenceoccur出現(xiàn)Agent代理熱agency代理機(jī)構(gòu)Violence暴力Existenceexist存在existence-ability（以-able結(jié)尾的形容詞）capable有能力的→capability能力reliable可靠的→reliability可靠性-ibility（以-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞）possible可能的→possibility可能性compatible兼容的→compatibility兼容性Feasible可行的→feasibility可行性flexible靈活的→flexibility靈活性-ness附著在形容詞后面dark→darkness黑暗friendly→friendliness親切；友善empty→emptiness空虛kind→kindness仁慈Thicknessn.厚度；層；濃度；含混不清Effectiveness英[?'fekt?vn?s]美[?'f?kt?vn?s]n.效力Brightnessn.[光][天]亮度；聰明，活潑；鮮艷；愉快（2）行為、動(dòng)作的后果-alapproval批準(zhǔn)refusal拒絕arrival到達(dá)survival幸存-ion,-sion,-tionunion聯(lián)合expansion擴(kuò)張collection收集-mentpunishment懲罰management管理embodiment體現(xiàn)；化身MeasurementExperiment實(shí)驗(yàn)Improvement-ureexposure暴露legislature立法機(jī)關(guān)Failure失敗failvfailtodosthSuccess反義詞pressurepress壓n壓力（精神物理）structure結(jié)構(gòu)thestructureofyourwriting）（3）表示抽象概念-shipfriendship友誼dictatorship獨(dú)裁hardship艱辛leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)-thwarmth溫暖depth深度length長(zhǎng)度breadth寬度width寬度Truth-tudeaptitude天資gratitude感激altitude海拔latitude緯度longitude經(jīng)度（4）-ism表示學(xué)說(shuō)、信仰、主義Confucius[k?n'fju:?j?s]孔子→Confucian（a.儒家的n.儒家弟子）→Confucianism儒家思想socialism社會(huì)主義capitalism資本主義materialism唯物主義extremism極端主義Socialism社會(huì)主義Marxism馬克思主義Communism共產(chǎn)主義（5)-ship關(guān)系、身份fellow伙伴→fellowship伙伴關(guān)系kin親戚→kinship親屬關(guān)系member→membership會(huì)員資格 author→authorship作者身份citizen→citizenship公民身份Relationship(6)-age為抽象名詞后綴，表示行為，狀態(tài)和全體總稱Percentagepercent百分比VoltageV伏特Shortageshortage不足不夠（7）-ty表示性質(zhì)Rigidityn.[物]硬度，[力]剛性；嚴(yán)格，刻板；僵化；堅(jiān)硬Unity聯(lián)合unit單元集合UnitedStatesObesity肥胖obeseadjSimilaritysimilar相似的相似性相似度二、動(dòng)詞后綴1.使成為，造成，…化-en（加在名詞或形容詞前面或后面）使……成為…名詞前：encourage鼓勵(lì)encode加密enforce執(zhí)行entitle給…題名endanger危及名詞后：lengthen延長(zhǎng)strengthen加強(qiáng)threaten威脅frighten嚇唬形容詞前：enlarge擴(kuò)大/放大enable使能夠enrich豐富ensure確保形容詞后：broaden/widen拓展；擴(kuò)寬quicken加快deepen加深weaken變?nèi)?、變衰弱，soften使…軟化，thicken使…變厚，strenghten加強(qiáng)，shorten使…變短，wooden木制的，deepen加深、深化，harden使…變硬，lengthen使…延長(zhǎng)，loosen放松、解開(kāi)，quicken加快、刺激，roughen變粗糙，lighten減輕，sharpen變尖銳。-fysimplify簡(jiǎn)化beautify美化purify凈化-ate(對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞通常是-ation）originate起源concentrate集中circulate環(huán)繞deviate背離、偏離，decelerate減速，accelerate加速，degenerate變性，operate操作，手術(shù)，defibrillate除顫，vibrate振動(dòng)、顫動(dòng)，migrate移動(dòng)，angulate成角，anticipate預(yù)期、期望，abbreviate縮寫，antecede在…之前。-ishnourish滋養(yǎng)diminish變小flourish繁榮polish擦亮vanish消失impoverish使窮困-ize(-ise見(jiàn)于英國(guó)英語(yǔ))popularize使普及modernize使現(xiàn)代化globalize使全球化industrialize使工業(yè)化neutralize中和，standardize標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，mineralize礦物質(zhì)化，repolarize復(fù)極化，depolarize去極化，sensitize致敏，metastasize轉(zhuǎn)移。2.反復(fù)動(dòng)作、連續(xù)動(dòng)作-erwander徘徊chatter喋喋不休waver來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)3.擬聲動(dòng)作-shcrash撞擊splash飛濺crush壓碎三、形容詞后綴1.可的，易于…的-ablemovable可移動(dòng)的inflammable[?n'fl?m?b(?)l]易燃的changeable多變的useable可用的-iblesensible可感覺(jué)到的flexible靈活的extensible可伸展的resistible可抵擋的-ilemobile可移動(dòng)的fragile易碎的volatile易揮發(fā)的2.如…的；似…的；…形狀的-ishchildish孩子氣的；幼稚的sluggish如懶漢的；不景氣的snobbish勢(shì)利的-likechildlike孩子般天真的dreamlike如夢(mèng)的manlike男子似的，有男子氣質(zhì)的-yicy似冰的wooly羊毛狀的silky絲一樣的silvery似銀的sissy女人氣的-lysaintly圣人般的cowardly懦弱的scholarly有學(xué)者風(fēng)度的；博學(xué)的3.有…的；多…的-edcolored彩色的gifted/talented有才能的experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的limited有限的-ywindy/rainy/cloudy/snowystarry繁星滿天的wordy啰嗦的worthy有價(jià)值的-fulpowerful強(qiáng)有力的hopeful抱有希望的fruitful多產(chǎn)的harmful有害的grateful感激的UsefulSuccessful-ouscourageous有勇氣的mountainous多山的poisonous有毒的prosperous繁榮的4.屬于…的；與…有關(guān)的-alemotional感情的professional職業(yè)的regional地區(qū)的；局部的global全球的NaturalSpecial-anurban城市的surburban郊區(qū)的metropolitan大都市的-arsolar太陽(yáng)的lunar['lu?n?]月亮的polar極地的-icatomic原子的electronic電子的metallic金屬的（區(qū)分：historic/historicaleconomic/economical）-ualhabitual習(xí)慣上的spiritual精神上的intellectual智力的individual個(gè)人的-ialpresidential總統(tǒng)的commercial商業(yè)的racial種族的5.具有…性質(zhì)的-antignorant愚昧的luxuriant[l?ɡ'??r??nt]奢華的luxuriousresistant抵抗的Significant英[s?g'n?f?k(?)nt]美[s?ɡ'n?f?k?nt]adj.重大的；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長(zhǎng)的n.象征；有意義的事物ImportantConstant英['k?nst(?)nt]美['kɑnst?nt]adj.不變的；恒定的；經(jīng)常的n.[數(shù)]常數(shù)；恒量-arsimilar相似的familiar熟悉的peculiar特殊的-aryelementary基本的imaginary想象的momentary片刻的honorary榮譽(yù)的OrdinaryAnniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念日Voluntary英['v?l?nt(?)r?]美['vɑl?nt?ri]adj.自愿的；志愿的；自發(fā)的；故意的n.志愿者；自愿行動(dòng)-atefortunate幸運(yùn)的considerate考慮周到的；體貼的passionate充滿激情的-ativetalkative健談的comparative比較的conservative保守的affirmative肯定的-ficscientific科學(xué)的horrific可怕的specific具體的-idvivid生動(dòng)的candid率直的splendid輝煌的-iousrebellious反叛的spacious寬敞的-itivesensitive敏感的competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的primitive原始的-icalperiodical周期的typical典型的historical歷史的6.其它-ing使…的；正在…的surprisingdeveloping-ed已…的；受…的retirededucated（比較：surprising/surprised;disappointing/disappointed;embarrassing/