美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義英語(yǔ)介紹

RalphWaldoEmerson愛(ài)默生HenryDavidThoreauAmericanTranscendentalism美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義2021/5/91Abroad,philosophicalmovementinNewEnglandduringtheRomanticera（peak：1836-1855）thefirstAmericanintellectualmovement.StartedbyagroupofpeopleintheTranscendentalClubinthe1830swhopublishedtheirviewsinthejournal

TheDialHistoricalbackground2021/5/92

Transcendentalistbelievedinstinctorintuitionisthedeepestlevelofman’ssoul.Theytriedtofindtruththroughfeeling,ratherthanthroughlogic.Sotheywritenotinalogicalway.Wecansaytheyformedamovementoffeelings&beliefsratherthanasystemofphilosophy.

BriefIntroduction2021/5/93''Theworldshrankitselfintoadropofdew.''世界將其自身縮小成為一滴露水"Believeyourself""Apersonmustbeabletobecomewhathewantstobe"Mottos2021/5/94Themajorfeaturesof

Transcendentalists

1.emphasisonSpiritortheOversoul

---Oversoulisaunitary（統(tǒng)一的）powerofgoodness，omnipresent（無(wú)所不在的）andomnipotent（無(wú)所不能的），fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart。

2.

theimportanceoftheindividual

3.

natureisthesymbolofSpiritorGod2021/5/951.至善absolutegood2.純潔無(wú)暇unspottedinnocenceofnature3.人具有神性humanitywasgodlikeandthatevilwasnonexistentappearedtobeanoptimisticfollyCreeds2021/5/96Sources

1.歐洲浪漫主義文學(xué)【theromanticliteratureofEurope】

2.新柏拉圖主義【neo-Platonism】

3.德國(guó)理想主義哲學(xué)【Germanidealisticphilosophy】

4.東方神秘主義【Orientalmysticism】2021/5/97

Weaknesses

Thetranscendentalistmovementhadasmallmembershipandonlylastedforafewyears.Thetranscendentalismwasneverasystematicphilosophy.Itborrowedfrommanysources.ThefailureoftranscendentalismasamoralforceinAmericanlifewasitsdenialofitsrealspiritualorigin.

2021/5/98愛(ài)默生RalphWaldoEmerson梭羅HenryDavidThoreau2021/5/99RalphWaldoEmerson2021/5/910RalphWaldoEmerson

(1803-1882)

philosopher,lecturer,essayist,andpoet,leadingtheTranscendentalistmovement

achampion（擁護(hù)者）ofindividualism

aprescient（有先見(jiàn)之明的）criticofthecountervailing（對(duì)抗性的）pressuresofsociety.2021/5/911Nature.ItistheBibleoftranscendentalists.ItcontainsalmosteverythingEmersonwantstosayintherestofhislife.Hislaterworksweremostlytoillustratethebook.

“AmericanScholar”:American’sdeclarationofintellectualindependence.(todevelopAmerican’sownculture)

Emerson'swork2021/5/912HenryDavidThoreau1817-18622021/5/913

HeisbestknownforhisbookWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings,andhisessay,CivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate.2021/5/914

WaldenItwasn’tasuccessfulbookatthetimeitwaspublishedandhasbeenvirtuallyforgottenuntil20thcentury.Itisthecarefulrecordingofday-to-daylifeatWaldenpoundandreflectiononhowonecanlivesimplyandtruly

Itillustrateshisdesiretobeindependentandfindtruthforhimself.2021/5/915“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,di