虛擬語氣經(jīng)典講解

虛擬語氣講解課件2021/5/911.英語動詞有三種語氣，陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.2.

定義：用來表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣定義2021/5/92虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)

1、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法；5、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣用法；6、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。2021/5/93一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法2021/5/94時間If條件句主句過去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動詞be用were實(shí)義動詞do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight將來did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.一般條件句中的虛擬語氣2021/5/951.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反2021/5/965.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.與未來事實(shí)相反2021/5/97IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe___metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA2021/5/982、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；

假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中含有

should，were，had三個助動詞并且放在句首時，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?Shoultherebe2021/5/993.混合(時間錯綜)型虛擬語氣：

假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.2021/5/910

without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。(butfor要不是)

Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.4.含蓄虛擬條件句：2021/5/911

5.虛實(shí)結(jié)合條件句。

Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Hetelephonedmetoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.Hecouldhavedonetheworkwell,buthewassocareless.真實(shí)語氣+otherwise/or+虛擬語氣虛擬語氣+but+真實(shí)語氣2021/5/912名詞從句中虛擬語氣的用法2021/5/9131）wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句wish

現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)過去完成時(haddone)would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.(現(xiàn)在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未來)2021/5/9142）主要是表示堅持，命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command

三個建議：advise,suggest,propose四個要求：demand,require,request,desire

這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。2021/5/915我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.2021/5/916

以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2021/5/9172.主語從句1）It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.2021/5/9182）It’sapity/nowonder…+that---從句中的動詞要用虛擬，表示驚訝，遺憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+動詞原形1.Itisapitythatsheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.2.ItisnowonderthatJohnshouldhavewonthegame.2021/5/919名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

A、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

在動詞suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虛擬語氣。考題點(diǎn)擊：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthave B.had C.have D.hadhadBC2021/5/920B、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takes B.hastotake C.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDB2021/5/921C、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣

在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。

Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考題點(diǎn)擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.try B.tries C.musttry D.cantryA2021/5/922狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法2021/5/923

1）asif/asthough現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時過去完成時Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.2021/5/9242）incase,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣1.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.2.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbyou.2021/5/925常用虛擬語氣的句型2021/5/9261.wouldratherthat-現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(現(xiàn)在)Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(過去)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未來)過去時過去時過去完成時2021/5/9272.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!2021/5/9283.It’shightime+that-should+V.過去時你該走了。我們該睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgoto

bed.2021/5/929

經(jīng)典題目1.

Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowhadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…know D.hadasked…wouldknow2.

Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherCD2021/5/9303.

HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)

A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbrokenBC2021/5/931陳述語氣與虛擬語氣典型例題

5)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.

A.

willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israined

6)---Wouldyouhavecalledherup_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeen…was B.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…h(huán)adbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeB該句為陳述語氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖莣illbeputoff。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用wouldhavecalled,從句中與過去相反的動詞形式為haddone；答句中表示的是真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。A2021/5/932高考題點(diǎn)擊

7)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tget B.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tget

D.

weredriv