熱點11諾貝爾獎的相關情況(原卷版)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀關鍵能力(題型)強化專練(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語熱點話題解讀+關鍵能力(題型)強化專練熱點11諾貝爾獎的相關情況以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命、曾被愛因斯坦質(zhì)疑的量子糾纏、中國在全球率先發(fā)射的量子衛(wèi)星……這些都是與剛剛揭曉的2022年諾貝爾物理學獎相關的熱門話題。瑞典皇家科學院4日宣布，將2022年諾貝爾物理學獎授予法國科學家阿蘭·阿斯佩、美國科學家約翰·克勞澤和奧地利科學家安東·蔡林格，以表彰他們在“糾纏光子實驗、驗證違反貝爾不等式和開創(chuàng)量子信息科學”方面所做出的貢獻。10月4日，在瑞典斯德哥爾摩舉行的2022年諾貝爾物理學獎公布現(xiàn)場，屏幕上顯示獎項得主阿蘭·阿斯佩（左）、約翰·克勞澤（中）和安東·蔡林格的照片。量子力學從上世紀初誕生以來，催生了晶體管、激光等重大發(fā)明，這被科學界稱為第一次量子革命。近來，以量子計算和量子通信為代表的第二次量子革命又在興起。瑞典皇家科學院在諾獎公報中說，今年三位獲獎者在量子糾纏實驗方面的貢獻，“為當前量子技術領域正發(fā)生的革命奠定了基礎”。量子糾纏長期是量子力學中最具爭議的問題之一。量子糾纏是一種奇怪的量子力學現(xiàn)象，處于糾纏態(tài)的兩個量子不論相距多遠都存在一種關聯(lián)，其中一個量子狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變，另一個的狀態(tài)會瞬時發(fā)生相應改變。在很長一段時間里，以愛因斯坦為代表的部分物理學家對量子糾纏持懷疑態(tài)度，愛因斯坦稱其為“鬼魅般的超距作用”。他們認為量子理論是“不完備”的，糾纏的粒子之間存在著某種人類還沒觀察到的相互作用或信息傳遞，也就是“隱變量”。20世紀60年代，物理學家約翰·貝爾提出可用來驗證量子力學的“貝爾不等式”。如果貝爾不等式始終成立，那么量子力學可能被其他理論替代。為了對貝爾不等式進行驗證，美國科學家約翰·克勞澤設計了相關實驗，其中使用特殊的光照射鈣原子，由此發(fā)射糾纏的光子，再使用濾光片來測量光子的偏振狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過一系列測量，克勞澤能夠證明實驗結(jié)果違反了貝爾不等式，且與量子力學預測相符。但這個實驗具有局限性，原因包括實驗裝置在產(chǎn)生和捕獲粒子方面效率較低、濾光片處于固定角度等。在此基礎上，法國科學家阿蘭·阿斯佩設計了新版本的實驗，測量效果更好。阿斯佩填補了克勞澤實驗的重要漏洞，并提供了一個非常明確的結(jié)果：量子力學是正確的，且沒有“隱變量”。奧地利科學家安東·蔡林格后來對貝爾不等式進行了更多的實驗驗證。其中一項實驗使用了來自遙遠星系的信號來控制濾波器，確保信號不會相互影響，進一步證實了量子力學的正確性。蔡林格和同事還利用量子糾纏展示了一種稱為量子隱形傳態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，即將量子態(tài)從一個粒子轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個粒子。其團隊還在量子通信等方面有諸多研究進展。其中一項重要成果就是，2017年中國與奧地利科學家借助中國的“墨子號”量子衛(wèi)星，成功實施世界首次量子保密的洲際視頻通話。這也是為什么諾貝爾物理學獎評委托爾斯·漢斯·漢森在現(xiàn)場解讀獲獎成果時，展示了一張含有中國量子衛(wèi)星的圖片，其上顯示了中國和歐洲之間的洲際量子通信實驗。諾獎官方公報說，世界各地的研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多利用量子力學強大特性的新方法，而這些都得益于今年三位獲獎者的貢獻。他們掃除了貝爾不等式等“攔路虎”，這也是為什么公報稱贊“他們的結(jié)果為基于量子信息的新技術掃清了道路”。（來源|新華網(wǎng)、科學＋）一、閱讀理解1Whatwouldlifebelikeifyouwerearocker,asoccerplayer,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,andaNobelPrizewinner?CarolynBertozzifromtheUSlivessuchacoollife!Bertozzi,56,sharesthisyear’sNobelPrizeinchemistrywithBarrySharpless（US）andMortenMeldal（Denmark）.Shebecamethisyear’sonlywomanwinnerinscienceandtheeighthwomantoreceivethechemistryprizeinhistory.Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（細胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.AccordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thisfindinghasaquitegoodinfluenceonmedicine.Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.“Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.”shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.“Myclassmatescomplainedalot,butitmatchedmybrain.”Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.Shewasakeyboarder（鍵盤手）inarockband.“Ievenusedtothinkaboutmakingmusicmymajor（專業(yè)）.”shesaid.Shealsoplayedsoccer,andwonascholarshipinsportsfromHarvard.Asafemalescientist,Bertozzitriestoencouragefemalestudents.“Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,”shesaid.“Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.”In2022,Bertozziwonanawardforthis.Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.1.WhydidBertozziwinthisyear’sNobelPrize?A.Becauseshewasveryinterestedinchemistry.B.BecausesheistheeighthfemaleprofessoratStanfordUniversity.C.Becauseshefoundawaytoconnectcellsandmakethemclearertosee.D.Becauseshefoundanewtypeofcellswithagreencolor.2.HowmightBertozzidescribeherchemistryclassinhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity?A.Uselessanddifficult. B.Boringandsimple.C.Difficultandboring. D.Interestingandnottoohard.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Bertozzioncewrotesongsforarockband.B.Bertozzioncestudiedmusicatheruniversity.C.Bertozzilivedacolorfullifeexceptfordoingresearch.D.Bertozziwonascholarshipbecauseofhertalentinchemistry.4.HowdidBertozziencouragefemalestudentsinthe1980s?A.Shesetanawardforwomeninscience.B.Sheincreasedthenumberoffemalestudentsby10percent.C.Shehelpedstartamonthlyget-togetherforwomentosupporteachother.D.Shebuiltanewlabforgirlstodoresearch.5.WhatdowelearnfromBertozzi?A.Weshouldlearnmusicinourlife. B.Weshouldwinprizesasmuchaspossible.C.Weshouldfindthewaystosuccessquickly. D.Weshouldbepatientandworkhardtosucceed.2Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.100yearsago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,hewrotefivepapers(論文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter(物質(zhì)).HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相對論).EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(諾貝爾獎)forhisdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇跡)”.Ithasbeenmorethan110yearssincethen.Becauseofthis,theUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysics.FiftyyearsafterEinstein’sdeath,aquestionisasked,“WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?”Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.Besides,physicsisadifferentfield(領域)now,andeducationisdifferent,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatscientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinsteingreat.Hethoughtindependently(獨立地)andreadwidely.Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.6.Theyear1905isknownasEinstein’s“YearofWonders”because________.A.EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerlandin1905B.Einsteinwas26yearsoldin1905C.Einsteinmadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesin1905D.Einsteinstudiedphysicsin19057.Whyhasn’ttherebeenanotherscientistasgreatasEinstein?A.Becausethestudyofphysicsisnotenough.B.BecauseitishardtomakeimportantdiscoveriesasEinsteindid.C.Becausepeopledon’tworkhardanymore.D.Becausephysicsisgettingmoreandmoredifficult.8.TheUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysicsbecause________.A.Einsteinis100yearsoldthisyearB.Einsteinhasbeendeadfor50yearsC.therehavebeenothergreatdiscoveriesafterEinstein’sdeathD.itisthe100thyearsinceEinstein’s“YearofWonders”9.WhatdoesEinstein’sformulaofsuccessmean?A.Successmeansyearsofhardwork.B.Successmeansallstudyandnoplay.C.Successmeansworkinghard,relaxingandnottalkingtoomuch.D.Successisasecretthatnobodyknows.3①MarieCurieisafamousscientistwhoismostfamousfordiscoveringtwonewradioactiveelements(放射性元素).DuringtheFirstWorldWar,MarieCurieinventedagreatmachinewhichhavehelpedoveronemillionsoldiers.②MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867.Marie’sparentswerebothteachersandherfatherwouldoftenteachherscienceathome.Whenshegrewolder,Mariewantedtogotouniversityandlearnallaboutphysics.Unluckily,atthetimewomenwerenotallowedtostudyinPoland.ThismeantthatMariehadtomovetoFrancewhereshewasallowedtogotouniversity.③Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity,Marieworkedinalabwithherhusband,PierreCurie.Duringthistime,Mariemadegreatprogressanddiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelementswhichhadneverbeenseenbefore.Becauseofheramazingdiscoveriesandworkinscience,MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize.Afewyearslater,MariewentontowinasecondNobelPrizewhichmadeherthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizes!④WhentheFirstWorldWarstarted,MarieCurieknewshehadtodosomethingtohelp.Mariehadrealizedthatwoundedsoldiersrecoveredbetteriftheyweretreatedquickly.Puttingherknowledgeandunderstandingofradiationtogooduse,Mariedecidedtoinventamachinewhichcouldhelpsoldiersclosetothefront.⑤Althoughshewasbornover150yearsago,Marie’sworkisstillwellknown.Amazingly,sometreatmentsbeingusedinhospitalstodaystartedoutasinventionsinherlab.ManyplacesevenuseMarie’snameasrecognitionofthegreatworkshecarriedout.10.MarieCuriewasthefirstwomanwhocan________.A.goabroad B.buildasciencelabC.studyphysics D.winaNobelPrize11.What’sthecorrectorderofMarieCurie’slife?a.MariewasborninPoland.b.Mariewenttolearnphysics.e.Marieworkedinthewar.d.MariefoundnewelementsA.a-d-b-e B.a-b-d-c C.b-a-c-d D.b-c-a-d12.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanprobablybe________.A.AchievementsinMarie’sLifeB.TwoDiscoveriesinMarie’sLifeC.Marie’sEducationExperiencesD.Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence13.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.4ANobelPrizeisconsideredbymostpeopleasoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.Asyouknow,theprizeswerestartedbyaSwedishcalledAlfredNobel.HewasborninStockholm,thecapitalofSweden.AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy.Henevermarriedorhadchildren.Also,hewasasickmanduringhislargepartoflife.Whenhediedattheageof63,heleftafundof$9,000,000.Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.SincethenmanyfamouspeoplefromallovertheworldhavebeengivenNobelPrizesfortheirachievements.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney—about$40,000.Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared.Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.14.WhatkindofpersonwouldyousayAlfredNobelwas?A.Hewasarich,happyandluckyman. B.Hewasapoor,unhappyandunluckyman.C.Hewasarich,butunhappyandunluckyman. D.Hewasapoor,buthappyandluckyman.15.Whenhedied,Nobelleftalargeamountofmoney________.A.tohiswife B.tohischildrenC.forhelpingthepoorpeopleinSweden D.forsettingfiveprizes16.Theunderlinedword“certificate”inthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A.證書 B.書信 C.票 D.卡片17.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A.Notalwaysoneperson. B.Twopersons.C.Onlyoneperson. D.Threepersons.18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenatonceafterNobeldied.B.Nobeldiedin1896.C.Thethirdpartofeachprizeisagoldmedal.D.TheNobelPrizeisalwaysgiven.5TheNoblePrizemaybethebestprizeintheworldonecanget.Thereareprizesforoutstanding(杰出的)peopleindifferentcategories:Chemistry,Physics,Physiology/Medicine,Literature,PeaceandEconomicSciences.ThewinnersareannouncedinOctober.Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature(文學).Inthepasttwoyearswe’veseentheNobelPrizeforLiteraturegotoBelarusian(白俄羅斯的)reporterSvetlanaAlexievichandUSmusicianBobDylan.Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave“greatemotionalforce”anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld.Ishigurohasbeenafull-timeauthoreversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982.InthebookIshigurotellsastoryofamiddle-agedJapanesewomanlivingaloneinEngland.Itmaybecommonforanimmigrant(移民的)authortowriteaboutthelivesofpeoplefromhisorhermothercountry.ButIshigurodoesn’tstopthere.Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo,Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones(克隆人).IshigurotoldTheGuardianthathewantsto“remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis”.19.ThispassageisabouttheNobelPrizewinnerin________.A.Chemistry B.Physics C.Literature D.Peace20.Wemayinfer(推斷)thatusually________wintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.reporters B.writers C.musicians D.directors21.WhichisnottrueaboutKazuoIshiguro?A.HeusesEnglishtowritehisworks.B.HewasborninJapan.C.Hedoesn’thaveotherjobsD.HemainlywritesaboutthelivesofJapanesepeople.22.HowmanyworksofKazuoIshiguroarementioned?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.623.AllthefollowingmakeKazuoIshiguro’sworksoutstandingexcept________.A.heevenwritesaboutclonesB.heshowsgreatemotionalforceC.heuncoverspeople’sconnectionwiththeworldD.heremindsusofhowinternationaltheworldis6Forthepast20years,theTouchingChinaannualpeopleawardhashonoredpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.Theyarepeoplewhowarmourheartswiththeiractions.OnMarch32022,the2021TouchingChinaAwardceremonyairedonCCTV.Teninspirationalrolemodelswereonthelist,YangZhenningisoneofthem.Whenmentioningthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,YangZhenningisanamenevertobeforgotten.YangwasbornonSeptember22,1922,inHefeiAnhui,China,andgrewupinthepeacefulandacademicalatmosphereofthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity.Fromayoungagehehadaninterestinphysics.Attheageof12,YangshowedhisgreatambitiontowinaNobelPrizeafterbeingattractedbyabookabouttheunknownsoftheuniverse.Withthisgoalinmind,Yangstudiedhard.Aftergettingamaster’sdegreeinTsinghuaUniversityin1944,YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.In1957,thetwojointlyproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions(弱相互作用中宇稱不守恒),whichmadeagreatcontributiontohigh-energyphysics.Oncethetheorywasputforward,itimmediatelycausedasensation(轟動)inthephysicscommunity.Monthslater,thetwowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.AttheNobelBanquet,Yangalsoexpressedhispride,saying,“IamasproudofmyChineseheritageandbackgroundasIamdevotedtomodernscience,apartofhumancivilizationofWesternorigin.”Nomatterwherehehasbeen,YangZhenninghasalwayshadhismotherlandinmind.However,thefrozenSino-USrelationshippreventedChinesescientistswhoobtained(獲得)doctoraldegreesfromtheUSlikeYangfromreturningtoChina.In1971,YangfinallygotthechancetoreturntoChinaforavisit.Later,tosupportdomesticeducation,YangsoldamansionintheUS,donatingallthemoneytoTsinghuaUniversity.In2003,YangreturnedtoChinaandalsotaughtatTsinghua.Underhisinfluence,manyoverseasChinesealsoreturnedtoChinatomakecontributions,suchasTuringAwardwinnerYaoQizhi,physicistWuXiaogang,mathematicianZhangShouwu.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.YangZhenningknewTsung-daoLeeinTsinghuaUniversityandgottheNobelPrizetogether.B.YangZhenningtakesprideinowningChinesebackground.C.YangZhenningcouldn’treturnhismotherlandbecauseoftheSino-USrelationship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.站出來 B.表現(xiàn) C.站起來26.What’sthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.YangZhenning’slovetohiscountry.B.YangZhenning’sinfluence.C.YangZhenning-oneofthe2021TouchingChinaannualpeople.27.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)A. B. C.7MenwontheNobelPrizesinsciencemostofthetimeinthepast.Butthisyear,womenbecamethemaincharacters!JenniferDoudnafromtheUSandEmmanuelleChapentierfromFrancesharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry.It’sthefirsttimeinhistoryfortwowomentowintheprizewithouthavingtoshareitwithaman.Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.ItsfirstfemalewinnerwasMarieCuriein1903.DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.Ithashada“greateffectonthelifesciences”,accordingtotheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.Forexample,itcanhelpusdevelopcropsthatcanfightagainstsomenaturaldisasters.Itcouldalsohelptreatsomeseriousdiseasesinthefuture.OnhearingthattheywerethesixthandseventhwomentowintheChemistryPrize,Charpentiersaidthatshehopesgirlsandyoungfemalescientistswillunderstandthat“nothingisimpossibleandwomencanfindgreatdiscoveriesjustasmendo”.Ghez,whowasawardedforherresearchonblackhole,hadthesamefeeling.“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists,”Ghezsaid.Inadditiontoherresearch,shewasalsooneoftheauthorsofthe2006children’sbookYouCanBeaWomenAstronomer.28.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Howtheydidtheirresearch.B.Whytheyweregiventheprize.C.Whattheyfoundintheirresearch.D.Howwinningtheprizehasmadeadifferenceintheirlives.29.WhatdoesGhezthinkaboutwinningaNobelPrize?A.Itwillchangeherlifeinabigway.B.Itprovesthatnothingisimpossible.C.Itshowsthatwomenaremoresuccessfulthanmen.D.Itcanencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists.30.Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A.ThereweresevenfemaleNobelPrizewinnersintotal.B.GhezsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithatleastoneman.C.Morewomenareworkingaschemiststhanastronomers.D.Ghezwillwriteachildren’sbookaboutwinningtheprize.8Inthe1960s,SyukuroManabestartedtostudyhowcarbondioxide(CO2二氧化碳)couldmakeEarthwarmer.Hediditoutofcuriosity(好奇心).OnOct.5,Manabegotthe2021NoblePrizeforhiswork.Curiosityhasdrivenscientiststomakenewfindings.Whatkindsofcuriosityledtothisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience?Takealook!NobelPrizeinphysicsThreescientistswonthisprizetogether.Japan-bornSyukuroManabeworksatPrincetonUniversity,US.Hemadeacomputermodel.ItshowedpeoplethatdoublingCO2wouldincreaseEarth’stemperaturebymorethan2degrees.Itwasthefirstmodeltostudyclimate.Hisworkgreatlyhelpedscientistsstudyclimatelater.TheothertwowinnersareGermanscientistKlausHasselmannandItalianscientistGiorgioParisi.NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine

Whycanwefeelcold,painortouch?AmericanscientistDavidJuliusandLebanon-bornArdemPatapoutianansweredthisquestion.Theyfoundsomespecialnervecells(神經(jīng)細胞).Thesecellssendamessagetoourbrainswhenweeathotfoodorhugsomeone.Theirfindingscanhelptreatmanydisease.Forexample,somechildrencan’tseetheirhands.Theyneedtoseewheretheirfingersarewhentheypickupsomething.Thisfindingscouldhelpdevelopdrugs(藥物)forthis.Itmayalsohelpmakehuman-likerobotsinthefuture!NobelPrizeinchemistryMakingnewmaterialsordrugsisnoteasy.Youoftenneedtobuildnewmolecules(分子).Atoms(原子)needtobeputtogetherthroughmanychemicalreactions(化學反應).Itisoftenslow.BenjaminListfromGermanyandScotland-bornDavidMacMillanfoundawaytomakechemicalreactionsfaster,easierandgreener.Eachofthemfoundacatalysttodothis.Theirworkhasgreatlyfastertheworld’sdrugdevelopment.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics?A.Itcelebratesthestudyofscientist’scuriosity.B.Oneofthewinnersstudiedclimatechangewithacomputermodel.C.Itshowsthatcomputerskillsarenotimportantinscience.D.ThreeGermanscientistssharedtheprize.32.AccordingtoJuliusandPatapoutian,wecanfeelcoldorpainbecause________.A.somespecialnervecellssendmessagestoourbrainsB.ourbrainscanmakespecialnervecellsC.wecanfeelourownfingersD.therearechemicalreactionsinourbrains33.HowisListandMacMillan’sstudyhelpful?A.Itfoundsomenewmolecules.B.Ithelpsscientisttobuildnewmoleculeswithoutchemicalreactions.C.Ithelpsmakenewmaterialsordrugsfasterandeasier.D.Itshowsthatacatalystisnotamustformakingnewmaterials.34.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofwinningaNobelprize.B.Howharditisforscientiststomakenewfindings.C.Thewinnersofthisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience.D.HowcuriosityhashelpedscientistswinNobelprizes.二、完形填空1YoumayknowtheEnglishlettersA,BandC.Butdoyouknowthereare__35__calledABC?Youmaylikeeatingbananas.Butdoyouknowthereissuchathingasa“bananaperson”?How__36__!Arethesepeoplefrom“anotherearth”?No,theyarejustChinesepeople__37__youandme.ABCmeans(意思是)American-born-Chinese.__38__ABCisaChinese,butwasbornintheUnitedStates.Sometimes,people__39__anABCa“bananaperson”.Abananaisyellowoutsideandwhiteinside.__40__,whenapersonisabanana,heorsheiswhiteinside—livinglikeaWesternerandyellowoutside—__41__likeaChinese.Doyouknowwhy?Usually,ABCsknow__42__aboutChinaortheChineselanguage(語言).Someofthemdon’t__43__Chinese.ButifABCscan’tspeakChinese,canwestillcallthemChinesepeople?Yes,ofcourse.TheyareChinese.Theyareoverseas(海外的)Chinese.Thesepeoplemaybecitizens(公民)ofanother___44___liketheUSA,CanadaorSingapore.ButtheyhaveChineseblood(血統(tǒng)).Theirparents,grandparentsorevengreat-grandparentswerefromChina.Theyallhaveblackeyesandblackhair.ButtheyarenotChinesecitizens.Forexample,weallknowthefamousscientistDingZhaozhong.HegottheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1976.Chinesepeoplelovehim.ButheisanAmericancitizen.35.A.things B.animals C.people D.fruits36.A.strange B.nice C.fresh D.dangerous37.A.except B.like C.as D.about38.A.A B.An C.The D./39.A.ask B.say C.give D.call40.A.And B.But C.So D.Or41.A.looking B.sounding C.smelling D.feeling42.A.much B.many C.few D.little43.A.know B.tell C.speak D.learn44.A.city B.country C.village D.town2TheOldManandtheSeaisashortnovel____45____thefamousAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.Hewroteitin1951whenhewas52yearsoldanditisoneofhisbest-knownworks.Threeyears____46____,HemingwaywontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforit.Thebooktellsastoryofanoldfisherman____47____Santiago.After84____48____ofcatchingafishoutinthesea,heishungry,poorandalone.Theothervillagerskeepawayfromhimbecausetheythinkhis____49____luckmightmakethemunluckytoo.Finally,hisluckchangesandhehooks(釣)ahuge____50____.Withmuchdifficulty,hebringsitontohisboat.Buthistroublesarenotover.Somesharkstrytotakeawayhiscatch.He____51____infightingoffthesharkswiththehelpofaboynamedManolin.____52____,helosesthefish.ButheisstillhopefulabouthislifeanddevelopsagoodfriendshipwithManolinintheend.Ilikethisbook____53____thestoryisinteresting.IlikethecharacterofSantiagobecauseheshowsalotofcourageandperseverance(勇氣和毅力).Thestory____54____methinkalotanditslanguageissimpleandbeautiful.Iwillsurelytellmyfriendsaboutit.Ithinktheywilllikeittoo.45.A.in B.for C.by46.A.ago B.later C.after47.A.called B.learned C.said48.A.minutes B.years C.days49.A.good B.bad C.difficult50.A.fish B.shark C.bag51.A.succeeds B.fails C.tries52.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Unluckily53.A.because B.although C.until54.A.asks B.makes C.tells三、短文首字母填空TuYouyouisaChinesemedicalscientist.ShegottheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOct5,2015.“Ourscientificdiscoveryisagifttohumanbeings.It’stheachievementofourwholeteam.Also,winningtheprizeisanhonorforChinesescience,”Tusaid.TuYouyouwasth