語法專項突破系列9

語法專項突破系列9.情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動詞考點19大情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于過去的能力)*Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthemissingchild,butthey’redoingalltheycan.

(2)表示理論上的可能性,“有時候可能會”(用在肯定句中)*Itcanbequitewindythere,especiallyinspring.(3)表示請求和允許,口語中常用could代替can(could用來表示現在,用以委婉地提出請求等,但回答時必須用can)*CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?(4)表示推測“可能”(用于否定句、疑問句中)*Justbepatient.Youcan’texpecttheworldtochangesosoon.2.may/might(1)表示請求、允許、許可,might比may的語氣更委婉*—MayItakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2)表示推測“可能”,可能性比can/could小*—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hemightnotcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.3.must(1)表示“必須;應該”*—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?*—Iamafraidyoumust,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.(2)表示“偏要,硬要”做某事*Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(3)表示推測,“一定”*—Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.*—Ah,goodmorning.YoumustbeMrsPeter.4.shall(1)用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方的意見*Shallwegotothetheatrebybus?(2)用于第二、三人稱的陳述句,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅;此外,表示法律、條文中規(guī)定必須……時也用shall*—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?*—OK.Youshallhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.5.should(1)表示勸告和建議,作“應該”講*Youshouldlearnfromeachother.(2)表示驚訝、意外等情緒,意為“竟然”*Itissurprisingthatyoushouldnotknowit!(3)用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能*Ifyoushouldfailtocome,askMrSmithtoworkinyourplace.6.will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿*—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2)表示“請求;建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣些*Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?(3)表示習慣,will可以表示現在的習慣,意為“總是;習慣于”。表示過去的習慣性動作用would*Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.(4)表示事物的某種性質和傾向,或按規(guī)律“注定會”*Oilwillfloatonwater.7.need表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中*Ineedn’tworryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.8.dare表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句。Idaresay是習慣說法,意為“我想,大概”*Idaren’tcatchthemouse.9.oughtto表示義務,意為“應當”,語氣比should強,表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測,意為“應是,應該”*Yououghttoworkharderthanbefore.【點津】3組易混詞(組)用法比較另外要注意:(1)can的一些常用固定搭配cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好”cannot/cannever...enough/too再……也不為過(2)may的一些常用固定搭配maywell+動詞原形意為“理應,有足夠的理由”,may(might)aswell+動詞原形意為“還不如,不妨”。(3)mustn’t表示“禁止”“不許做某事”回答用need提問的問句時與回答用must提問的問句時一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto?！镜淅饰觥繂尉涓腻e(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Wemustfoundways.解題關鍵:情態(tài)動詞must后使用動詞原形。答案判定:found改為find【高考集訓】單句改錯/填空1.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.(改錯)

()sat改為sit2.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Youmay____(find)thatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.3.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Butyou_____besuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationship.findcan’t考點25大表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法比較情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義must肯定句一般時、進行時、完成時一定、肯定Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義can(could)疑問句,否定句一般時、進行時、完成時可能,能夠Itcan’tbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義may(might)肯定句,否定句一般時、進行時、完成時也許,可能—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someonemighthavestolenit.情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義should(oughtto)肯定句,否定句一般時、完成時確定或期待,“應該”Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑問句一般時、進行時、完成時大概*Thiswillbethehouseyou’relookingfor.這大概就是你正在找的那所房子了。二、虛擬語氣考點1狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法1.非真實條件句中虛擬語氣的用法if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might+動詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示過去情況had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn’t/wouldn’thavemissedthebus.if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示將來情況should+動詞原形should/would/could/might+動詞原形動詞過去式wereto+動詞原形Ifitshouldrain/rained/weretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.2.目的狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法forfearthat/incase+從句:從句謂語用should+動詞原形,意為“以防,萬一”。*Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.3.方式狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法asif/asthough+從句:(1)與現在事實相反,從句用一般過去時;(2)與過去事實相反,從句用過去完成時;(3)與將來事實相反,從句謂語用would/could/might+動詞原形。*ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.【點津】(1)asif/asthough連接的從句表示很有可能的事實時,不需用虛擬語氣。(2)要特別注意一些特殊結構的虛擬語氣。①在條件句中的省略如果虛擬條件句中含有were,should,had三個詞,可將if省略,把這三個詞前置于主語之前,形成部分倒裝。*WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddothesame.

②錯綜時間虛擬句當條件狀語從句所表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時,這種虛擬條件句稱為錯綜時間虛擬句。動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間做出相應的調整。*Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbebetternow.③含蓄虛擬條件句有時假設的情況并不以條件句表示出來,而是暗含在上下文中,如通過介詞(短語)with,without,butfor等來表示。*WewouldhaveputJohn’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.考點2其他從句中虛擬語氣的用法1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity+that從句,從句中的謂語動詞用“(should+)動詞原形”。*It’sstrangethatshe(should)makesomuchtrouble.

2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)表示“建議,命令,要求”等意義時,賓語從句用“(should+)動詞原形”。①堅持:動詞insist;②命令:order,command;③建議:動詞advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:動詞request,require,demand,ask。*Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.【點津】①suggest意為“表明,暗示”時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣;②insist意為“堅持說”時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。(2)Iwish(that)+賓語從句(虛擬語氣)。①表示愿望與“現在事實相反”,從句用一般過去時;*Howhewishesthathewereabird!

②表示愿望與“過去事實相反”,從句用過去完成時;*WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.③表示將來愿望實現的可能性很小,從句常用could/would+動詞原形。*Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.(3)wouldrather/prefer+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣)①表示愿望與“現在事實或將來事實相反”,從句用一般過去時。*Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.②表示愿望與“過去事實相反”,從句用過去完成時。*Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdonethat.3.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構成是“(should+)動詞原形”。*Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.(2)asif,asthough引導的表語從句常用虛擬語氣,與現在事實相反用一般過去時;與過去事實相反用過去完成時。*Itlooksasifhewere10yearsyoungertoday.*Itlooksasifhehadn’thadamealforaweek.4.定語