河南省普高聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期測評（三）英語試題【含答案解析】

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁河南省普高聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期測評（三）英語試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解TopattractionstovisitonaholidaytoSpainMountTeideMountTeideisthethirdlargestvolcanointhewholeworld.LocatedinTeideNationalPark,itoffersauniquelandscape.Thevisualimpactofthesiteisimprovedduetoatmosphericconditionsthatcreateever-changingtexturesandtones,witha“seaofclouds”asabackgroundtothemountain.It’samust-visitonaholidaytoTenerife,anddon’tforgettobringyourcamera.PlazadeEspa?aLocatedonthebanksoftheRiverGuadalquivir,SevilleisSpain’smostlivelyandcolourfulcity.Knownforwonderfuldances,deliciousfood,andrichculturalandarchitecturalheritage,itshistoriccentrehassomeremarkablesites,includingthecathedralandLaGiraldatower.PlazadeEspa?aisalsoalovelyplacetowalkandadmirethebeautifulworks,orsimplyrelaxonaseatandwatchtheboatsgoby.ParkGüellIt’seasytolosetimeinParkGüell,oneofAntoniGaudi’smagnificentworksinBarcelona.Thisgardencomplexfeaturescolourfuldecoration,whereyoucanspendhourswalkingaround,takinginthesceneryandespeciallythepanoramic(全景)viewsofthecity.MorningsareusuallythebesttimetovisitParkGüellasitisalittlelesscrowdedandtheweatherstayspleasantlywarm.Theafternoonscanbecomecrowded,soplanyourvisittoensurethebestpossibleexperienceinthisveryspecialplace.TheRoyalPalaceTheRoyalPalaceisthelargestbuildinginMadridandthelargestroyalpalaceinWesternEurope.ItisalsotheofficialresidenceoftheKingofSpain.Madriditselfisafantasticplace.Foundedinthe9thcentury,thecapitalhasarichhistory,alivelyartandculturescene,nottomentiondeliciousfoodanddrink.Grabacoffee,takeaseatinoneofthebeautifulplazasandfeeltheauthenticMadridatmosphere.1．WhatmakesMountTeidedifferentfromtheotherthreeattractions?A．Itslonghistory. B．Itsdeliciouslocalcuisine.C．Itsnaturallandscape. D．Itsbestvisitingtime.2．Whichtouristattractioncanbeyourfirstchoiceifyouareusedtogettingupearly?A．MountTeide. B．PlazadeEspa?a.C．ParkGüell. D．TheRoyalPalace.3．Whereisthistexttakenfrom?A．Atouristguidebook. B．Afashionmagazine.C．Arecipewebsite. D．Anelementaryschooltextbook.AndrewWilsonwasalwaysabigkid.Duringhis20sand30shemanagedhisweightatbaybyplayingsport,butwhenhisfamilyfacedacrisisandhewasunderpressureinhisfinancialservicesjob,hestartedgainingtheweight.“Mate,whatareyoudoingtoyourself?”hisdoctoraskedhimoneday.Andrewwassoashamedthatheavoidedseekingmedicalhelpfortenyears.Despitehisefforrtstoloseweightthroughvariousdiets,hisweightcontinuedtoincrease,reaching200kilogramsandhedevelopedarangeofhealthcomplications(并發(fā)癥).“Mostpeoplehaveafeelingofhavingfinishedameal,butIneverhadthatsatisfactoryfeeling.Anditwasn’tjustphysical.Mentally,Iwantedmore,”Andrewshared.Andrewiscertainlynotalone.Overweightaffectspeoplefromallwalksoflife,ineveryclassroom,ineveryshoppingcentreandstreet.Peopleeverywherearelivingwithextraweight.Peoplewithoverweightcanexperienceserioushealthproblems.Despitethefactit’ssocommonplace,thoselivingwithoverweightareoftenblamedfortheircondition.“Istillrememberwhentheparentsatmyson’skindergartendidn’twanttotalktomeoutsidetheclassroom.Somewouldn’tevenlookatmebecauseofmysize.Thatimpactedmyson,andhewasteased,”Andrewrecalled.Butthere’sincreasingrecognitionthatoverweightiscausedbyacomplexsetoffactorsbeyondanindividual’scontrol,suchasillness,genetics,childhoodtrauma(心理創(chuàng)傷),theenvironmentandsociety.InAndrew’scase,heturnedtofoodataveryyoungageasacopingmechanism(機制)forphysicalandmentalabuse.“Overweightisabiologicaldisease,notabehaviour.It’snotsomethingindividualshavecontrolover.It’saproblemthatthewholesystemneedstoaddress,”Andrewfinallyemphasized.Hefinallygatheredthecouragetogotoanoverweighttreatmentclinic.Sincethen,withthehelpofamedicalteam,hehaslostmorethan50kilogramsandcontinuestomakeprogress.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“managed...atbay”inparagraph1mean?A．Contained. B．Increased. C．Attained. D．Preserved.5．Whatisthecommonpeople’sattitudetowardsthosewithoverweight?A．Approving. B．Sympathetic. C．Accusing. D．Indifferent.6．What’sthemainreasonforthewidespreadoverweight?A．Environmentalfactors.B．Anincreasingsocialdiscrimination.C．Theweakwillinpatients’heart.D．Somecomplicatedfactorsoutofpeople’scontrol.7．WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewfromthetext?A．Andrewmadenoattempttocontrolhisweight.B．Andrew’ssonmaybelaughedatbyhisclassmates.C．Andrewhasamentallysatisfyingchildhood.D．Andrewhassuccessfullyachievedhisgoalinlosingweight.Asolarcellworksbasedonthephotoelectriceffect(光電效應(yīng)),whichhappenswhenlightinteractswithaspeciallight-absorbingmaterial,knownasasemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).Asthesemiconductorabsorbslight,itproducesnegativecharges(electrons)andpositivecharges(holes).Theelectronsandholesareattractedtoeachother,andwhentheyjointogether,theyreleaseenergyintheformoflight.Ifwecanseparatetheelectronsandholesandkeepthemfromrecombining,wecanthenusethemtoproduceelectricity.Recently,asemiconductingmaterialcalledperovskitewasdiscovered.Thismaterialworkssuperblyinthesolarcell.Oneofitsmainadvantagesisthatitisverysimpletoprepare,whichmeansthatsolarcellscanbemadeatarelativelylowcostcomparedtotheexistingsolarcellstechnology.Initially,perovskitecontainsoxygen,whichmakesitsuitableforuseinsolarcells.Afewyearsago,however,researchersmadeabreakthroughdiscoverybydevelopingnon-oxygen-basedperovskiteinthelaboratory.Thisnewperovskitecouldbothcarryelectricalchargesinthelightandbenon-conductiveinthedark.Thenewmaterialcouldalsoabsorbawiderangeofwavelengths.Thesefeaturesareverywell-suitedforsolarcells.Animportantfactorforsolarcellsisstability,orthetimethesolarcellcanworkwithoutdecreasinginitsperformance.Therefore,weconductedvarioustestsinwhichthesolarcellsremainedstableforover40days.Thisgivesusagoodindicationthatthesecellswilloperateforabout20yearswithoutsignificantdegradation(衰退).Perovskite-basedsolarcelltechnologyhasadvancedrapidlyinjustafewyears.Researchersareconvincedthatthistechnologyholdsgreatpotentialforwidespreaduseduetoitssimpleproductiontechniquesandlowcostoftheperovskitematerials.8．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Theelectricitymadebylight.B．Thewaysofproducingsemiconductor.C．Theprincipleonwhichthesolarcellisbased.D．Thecreationofnegativeandpositivecharges.9．Whatisthemainadvantageofperovskite?A．Beingeasytoprepare. B．Containingoxygen.C．Beingnon-conductive. D．Absorbingfewerwavelengths.10．Whydidresearchersdosomanyexperimentsonperovskite-basedsolarcell?A．Tomakelessmistakes. B．Toreducethefailures.C．Toincreasetheperformance. D．Tolearnmoreaboutthestability.11．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethenewsolarcelltechnology?A．Simple. B．Advanced. C．Promising. D．Limited.LastSaturday,apowerfulearthquakestruckthePhilippines.Itwasfirstreportedasamagnitude(震級)of7.2;thiswaslatercorrectedto6.8.LastFriday,aportcollapsedinGloucesterHarborinMassachusetts.ItwasfirstreportedasaportbelongingtoCapeAnnIce,butlateridentifiedasaportusedbyChannelFish.Correctionsandretractions(撤回)arecommon-notonlyinthenews,butalsoinscienceandineverydaylife.Thetroubleisthatinitialbeliefsaresometimeshardtoremove.Dozensofstudiesinexperimentalpsychologyhaveidentifiedaphenomenonknownasthecontinuedinfluenceeffectthatevenaftermisinformationisretracted,manypeoplecontinuetotreatitastrue.Inotherwords,ithasacontinuedinfluenceontheirthinking.Eckerandhiscolleaguesdesignedanexperimentinwhich60universityundergraduatesreadaseriesofeventsthatwerewrittenaspairsofnewsstories,halfofwhichinvolvedaretractioninthesecondstoryofsomemisinformationstatedinthefirststory.Tomeasurethe“continuedinfluence”oftheinitialmisinformation,participantswereaskedaseriesofquestionsrelevanttothataspectofthenewsstory.Theresearchersfoundthatpeople’sreasoningoftenshowedaninfluencefromtheinitial,retractedclaim,confirmingpreviousfinds.Thestudy’sauthorsarecautiousaboutmakingstrongconclusionsbasedonthissingleresult.However,theystillsuggestthatunnecessaryrepetitionsofmisinformationshouldbeavoided;ifsomeonedoesn’talreadybelievethemisinformation,repeatingitcoulddomoreharmthangood.12．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Raisingthemaintopic. B．Overviewingthewholearticle.C．Showingaproblemforlatersolution. D．Introducingthebackgroundinformation.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A．Thepersistentinfluence. B．Themisinformation.C．Theinformationretraction. D．Thepsychologicalphenomenon.14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentfromthelasttwoparagraph?A．Itiswelldesigned. B．Itneedstobemoreinteresting.C．Ittakesagestoseetheresults. D．Itmakesusmorecautiousduringwork.15．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．IsMisinformationUseful? B．CorrectionsandRetractionsC．WaystoRememberTrueInformation D．CanRepeatingFalseInformationbeHelpful?二、七選五FourSimpleWaystoSaveMoneySavingiseasierwhenyouhaveaplan-followthesestepstocreateone.Sometimesthehardestthingaboutsavingmoneyisjustgettingstarted.16.Therefore,youcansaveforallyourshort-andlong-termgoals.Recordyourexpenses.Thefirststeptostartsavingmoneyisfiguringouthowmuchyouspend.17.Thatmeanseverycoffee,householditemandcashtipaswellasregularmonthlybills.Recordyourexpenseshowevereasyitisforyou-apencilandpaper,asimplespreadsheetorafreeonlinespendingtrackerorapp.Includesavinginyourbudget.18.Yourbudgetshouldshowhowyourexpensesarerelativetoyourincome,sothatyoucanplanyourspendingandlimitoverspending.Besuretofactorinexpensesthatoccurregularlybutnoteverymonth,suchascarmaintenance.Includeasavingscategoryinyourbudgetandaimtosaveanamountthatinitiallyfeelscomfortabletoyou.Findwaystocutspending.Ifyoucan’tsaveasmuchasyou’dlike,itmightbetimetocutbackonexpenses.Identifyunnecessarythings,suchasentertainmentanddiningout,whichyoucanspendlesson.Lookforwaystosaveonyourfixedmonthlyexpenses,suchasyourcarinsuranceorcellphoneplan,aswell.19.20Oneofthebestwaystosavemoneyistosetanobjective.Startbythinkingaboutwhatyoumightwanttosavefor-bothintheshortterm(onetothreeyears)andthelongterm(fourormoreyears).Thenestimatehowmuchmoneyyou’llneedandhowlongitmighttakeyoutosaveit.A．SetsavingsgoalsB．WatchyoursavingsgrowC．KeeptrackofallyourexpensesD．Thisstep-by-stepguidecanhelpyoudevelopasimpleandrealisticwayE．Nowthatyouknowhowmuchyouspendinamonth,youcanbegintocreateabudgetF．Useyourcreditcardandbankstatementstomakesureyou’veincludedeverythingG．Otherideasformanagingeverydayexpensesincludesearchingforfreeactivities,reviewingrecurringcharges,andwaitingbeforeyoubuy三、完形填空Musichasauniversalpowerthathelpspeoplefindimaginativeexpressionandtreatment.LostVoicesisaninspiringprojectthat21teenagerswithchallengingtraumaaplatformtoexpressthemselvesthrough22.MikeBallfirstencounteredthisspecialgroupin2005afterhewasinvitedtospeakabouthiswriting23nearhishome.Asawriterandmusiclover,Ballknewsongwritingcouldbeapositive,24wayoutfortheseyoungpeople.He25togetotherlocalmusiciansonboard,andLostVoiceswasbornin2007.Theorganizationoffersweeklong26wheremusiciansgointocommunitytoworkwithchildreninsmallgroups,assistingthemtowritesongsandfindtheir27.“I’moftensurprisedbythesongstheywrite,”Ballsaid.“Sometimesthey’re28.Butbeneaththesilliness,they’rereallyrevealing.Sometimesthey’re29real,leavingmewithalastingsenseofsadness.IneachLostVoicesprogram,theemphasisliesoncreatingasafeatmosphere,andthisenvironmentencouragesparticipantsto30theirdeepestfeelingsandideaswithoutfearofbeingcriticized.By31aplatformforcreativeexpression,theseprogramsallowyoungvictimstofaceandexpresstheir32throughthemediumofmusic.Throughtheconstant33ofindividualslikeMikeBallandthecollectiveeffortsofthemusiciansinvolved,LostVoices34asalighthouseofhopefortheseoften-forgottenyoungsouls,provingthattheirstoriesandtalents35tobeheardbytheworld.21．A．prepares B．recommends C．provides D．persuades22．A．languages B．signs C．reading D．music23．A．business B．career C．image D．fashion24．A．effective B．sensitive C．creative D．competitive25．A．managed B．a(chǎn)ttempted C．happened D．failed26．A．methods B．conferences C．interviews D．programs27．A．talent B．voice C．habit D．opinion28．A．smart B．sensible C．silly D．practical29．A．heartbreakingly B．breathtakingly C．head-spinningly D．eye-catchingly30．A．comprehend B．explore C．predict D．ignore31．A．owing B．receiving C．offering D．ordering32．A．experiences B．examples C．a(chǎn)dventures D．decisions33．A．friendship B．devotion C．justice D．kindness34．A．treats B．serves C．considers D．uses35．A．happen B．intend C．deserve D．manage四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Confucius:TheFamousChinesePhilosopherIfwetakealookbackathistory,therearealotofpeoplethathaveshapedthecurrentcivilizationwith36(they)ideasandteachings.Confuciuswasoneofthoseamazingteachersandphilosophers.Therealspreadofknowledge37(start)afterhisdeathwhenhisstudentsandfollowerspassedonhisteachings.OneofhisveryfamousbooksisTheAnalects（語錄）ofConfucius.Hisbelieffocusesonthe38(significant)ofhavingagoodmoralcharacterandpersonalethics.Thereisactuallymoredepthtothis39itseems.ThemainvaluesofConfucianism40(be)ancestorworshipandhuman-centeredvirtues.Youmighthaveheardthefamoussaying:“Donotdountoothers41youwouldnotwantotherstodountoyou.”ThatistheGoldenRuleofConfucianism.Confuciusbelievedthatthegovernmentsystemshouldonlybebasedonpurevirtueratherthanwealth.Hewasdedicatedto42(teach)peoplethemethodofvirtuouslivingtohaveafulfilledlife.Heexpectedpeople43(realize)theimportanceofmoralprinciples,self-cultivation(修養(yǎng)),andeducation.Histeachingsarebeingfollowed44(wide)inChinesesocietyeventoday.45hepassedonalongtimeago,hissayingsandteachingsarestillpreservedinthebookTheAnalectsofConfuciusuptothisday.五、開放性作文46．上周你校組織了一場防校園欺凌知識講座，請你以此為題寫一遍報道。內(nèi)容如下：1.描述講座內(nèi)容；2.講座的意義。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。SayNotoSchool-Bullying___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、讀后續(xù)寫47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ateenageboylivedalonewithhisfather.Thetwoofthemhadaveryspecialrelationship.Eventhoughthesonwasalways“warmingthebench”,hisfatherwasalwaysinthestandscheering.Thisyoungmanwasstillthesmallestintheclasswhenheenteredhighschool.Butthesonwasdeterminedtotryhisbestateverypractice.Throughouthighschool,henevermissedapracticebutstillremainedabenchwarmerallfouryears.Hisfaithfulfatheralwaysinthestands,alwayswithwordsofencouragementforhim.Whentheyoungmanwenttocollege,hedecidedtotryoutforthefootballteamasa“walk-on”.Everyonewassurehecouldnevermakethecut,buthedid.Thecoachadmittedthathekepthimontheroster(候選名單)becausehealwaysputhisheartandsoulintoeverypracticeand,atthesametime,providedtheothermemberswiththespirittheybadlyneeded.Thispersistentyoungathletenevermissedapracticeduringhisfouryearsatcollege,buthenevergottoplayinthegame.Itwastheendofhisseniorfootballseason,andasheranontothepracticefieldshortlybeforethebigplayoffgame,thecoachmethimwithatelegram.Theyoungmanreadthetelegramandbecamesilent.Swallowinghard,hewhisperedtothecoach,“Myfatherdiedthismorning.IsitallrightifImisspracticetoday?”Thecoachputhisarmgentlyaroundhisshoulderandsaid,“Taketherestoftheweekoff,son.Anddon’tevenplantocomebacktothegameonSaturday.”Saturdayarrived,andthegamewasnotgoingwell.Inthethirdquarter,whentheteamwastenpointsbehind,asilentyoungmanquietlyslippedintotheemptylockerroomandputonhisfootballgear(一套設(shè)備).Asheranontothesidelines,thecoachandhisplayerswereastonishedtoseetheirfaithfulteammatebacksosoon.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答?！癈oach,pleaseletmeplay.I’vejustgottoplaytoday,”saidtheyoungman.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Suchcheeringyou’veneverheard!___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁參考答案：1．C2．C3．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是去西班牙度假必去的景點。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MountTeide部分中的“MountTeideisthethirdlargestvolcanointhewholeworld.LocatedinTeideNationalPark,itoffersauniquelandscape.(MountTeide是世界上第三大火山。它位于泰德國家公園，擁有獨特的景觀)”可知，MountTeide擁有獨特的自然風(fēng)景；根據(jù)PlazadeEspa?a部分中的“LocatedonthebanksoftheRiverGuadalquivir,SevilleisSpain’smostlivelyandcolourfulcity.(塞維利亞位于瓜達爾基維爾河畔，是西班牙最熱鬧、最豐富多彩的城市)”可知，PlazadeEspa?a是一座城市；根據(jù)ParkGüell部分中的“It’seasytolosetimeinParkGüell,oneofAntoniGaudi’smagnificentworksinBarcelona.(在巴塞羅那安東尼·高迪的宏偉作品之一Parkgell很容易浪費時間)”可知，該公園是城市公園；根據(jù)TheRoyalPalace部分中的“TheRoyalPalaceisthelargestbuildinginMadridandthelargestroyalpalaceinWesternEurope.(TheRoyalPalace是馬德里最大的建筑，也是西歐最大的皇宮)”可知，TheRoyalPalace是馬德里最大的建筑，綜合以上信息可知，MountTeide與其他三個景點不同的是它擁有獨特的自然風(fēng)光。故選C項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ParkGüell部分中的“MorningsareusuallythebesttimetovisitParkGüellasitisalittlelesscrowdedandtheweatherstayspleasantlywarm.(早晨通常是參觀ParkGüell的最佳時間，因為它不那么擁擠，天氣也很溫暖)”可知，早上是參觀ParkGüell的最佳時間。由此可知，如果你喜歡早起，那么ParkGüell應(yīng)該是你的第一選擇。故選C項。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題“TopattractionstovisitonaholidaytoSpain(去西班牙度假必去的景點)”可知，本文講述的是去是西班牙度假的必去景點。由此推知，本文應(yīng)是出自于旅游指南。故選A項。4．A5．C6．D7．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過講述安德魯超重的問題，解釋了人們對于超重的看法以及超重的原因。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“AndrewWilsonwasalwaysabigkid.(安德魯·威爾遜一直是個大孩子。)”可知，安德魯小時候就身材龐大，結(jié)合下文“butwhenhisfamilyfacedacrisisandhewasunderpressureinhisfinancialservicesjob,hestartedgainingtheweight.(但當(dāng)他的家庭面臨危機，他在金融服務(wù)工作中承受壓力時，他的體重開始增加。)”可知，遭遇危機時，工作壓力很大，體重又開始增加，因此推斷劃線部分說明“在他20多歲和30多歲的時候，他通過運動來控制體重”，劃線短語與A項“控制”意思相近，故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Despitethefactit’ssocommonplace,thoselivingwithoverweightareoftenblamedfortheircondition.“Istillrememberwhentheparentsatmyson’skindergartendidn’twanttotalktomeoutsidetheclassroom.Somewouldn’tevenlookatmebecauseofmysize.Thatimpactedmyson,andhewasteased,”Andrewrecalled.(盡管事實是如此普遍，但那些超重的人經(jīng)常因為他們的狀況被指責(zé)?！拔疫€記得我兒子幼兒園的父母在課堂外不想和我說話。有些人甚至因為我的體型而不看我。這影響了我的兒子，他被取笑，”安德魯回憶道。)”可知，普通人對于超重的人是充滿指責(zé)。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Butthere’sincreasingrecognitionthatoverweightiscausedbyacomplexsetoffactorsbeyondanindividual’scontrol,suchasillness,genetics,childhoodtrauma(心理創(chuàng)傷),theenvironmentandsociety.(但越來越多的人認識到，肥胖是由一系列復(fù)雜的因素造成的，超出了個人的控制范圍，比如疾病、基因、童年創(chuàng)傷、環(huán)境和社會。)”可知，超重的主要原因是復(fù)雜的，超出個人控制的。故選D。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Somewouldn’tevenlookatmebecauseofmysize.Thatimpactedmyson,andhewasteased(有些人甚至因為我的體型而不看我。這影響了我兒子，他被取笑)”可知，安德魯?shù)膬鹤右驗楦赣H超重被同學(xué)嘲笑。故選B。8．C9．A10．D11．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是鈣鈦礦太陽能電池技術(shù)，由于其簡單的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和低成本的鈣鈦礦材料，該技術(shù)具有廣泛應(yīng)用的巨大潛力。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Asolarcellworksbasedonthephotoelectriceffect(光電效應(yīng)),whichhappenswhenlightinteractswithaspeciallight-absorbingmaterial,knownasasemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).(太陽能電池的工作原理是光電效應(yīng)，當(dāng)光與一種特殊的光吸收材料(稱為半導(dǎo)體)相互作用時，就會發(fā)生光電效應(yīng)。)”可知，太陽能電池工作的原理是光電效應(yīng)，結(jié)合下文中的對太陽能電池發(fā)電的原理介紹可知，本段主要講述的是太陽能電池發(fā)電的原理。故選C項。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oneofitsmainadvantagesisthatitisverysimpletoprepare,whichmeansthatsolarcellscanbemadeatarelativelylowcostcomparedtotheexistingsolarcellstechnology.(它的主要優(yōu)點之一是制備非常簡單，這意味著與現(xiàn)有的太陽能電池技術(shù)相比，這種太陽能電池的制造成本相對較低。)”可知，鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的優(yōu)點之一就是制備簡單，且與現(xiàn)在的太陽能電池技術(shù)相比，制造成本較低，由此可知，鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的優(yōu)點是準備簡單。故選A項。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Animportantfactorforsolarcellsisstability,orthetimethesolarcellcanworkwithoutdecreasinginitsperformance.Therefore,weconductedvarioustestsinwhichthesolarcellsremainedstableforover40days.(太陽能電池的一個重要因素是穩(wěn)定性，即太陽能電池在不降低其性能的情況下工作的時間。因此，我們進行了各種測試，太陽能電池在40多天內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定。)”可知，太陽能電池的一種重要因素是穩(wěn)定性，因此研究者做大量的時間進行各種測試，由此可知，之所以進行大量測試的原因是為了了解太陽能電池的穩(wěn)定性。故選D項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Researchersareconvincedthatthistechnologyholdsgreatpotentialforwidespreaduseduetoitssimpleproductiontechniquesandlowcostoftheperovskitematerials.(研究人員相信，由于其簡單的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和低成本的鈣鈦礦材料，該技術(shù)具有廣泛應(yīng)用的巨大潛力。)”可知，研究人員認為，這種鈣鈦礦太陽能電池由于其簡單的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)以及低成本的材料，這種新型的太陽能電池技術(shù)具有廣泛應(yīng)用的巨大潛力，由此可知，很有發(fā)展前景可以用來形容新的太陽能電池技術(shù)。故選C項。12．A13．B14．A15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的錯誤信息是很難消除的。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“LastSaturday,apowerfulearthquakestruckthePhilippines.Itwasfirstreportedasamagnitude(震級)of7.2;thiswaslatercorrectedto6.8.LastFriday,aportcollapsedinGloucesterHarborinMassachusetts.ItwasfirstreportedasaportbelongingtoCapeAnnIce,butlateridentifiedasaportusedbyChannelFish.(上周六，一場強烈地震襲擊了菲律賓。地震最初被報道為7.2級；后來被修正為6.8。上周五，馬薩諸塞州格洛斯特港的一個港口倒塌。它最初被報道為屬于CapeAnnIce的港口，但后來被確定為ChannelFish使用的港口)”和第二段的“Correctionsandretractions(撤回)arecommon-notonlyinthenews,butalsoinscienceandineverydaylife.(更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此)”可知，第一段通過實際例子說明更正和撤回很常見，因此第一段的功能是提出主題。故選A。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Dozensofstudiesinexperimentalpsychologyhaveidentifiedaphenomenonknownasthecontinuedinfluenceeffectthatevenaftermisinformationisretracted,manypeoplecontinuetotreatitastrue.(實驗心理學(xué)的數(shù)十項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種被稱為持續(xù)影響效應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象，即即使在錯誤信息被撤回后，許多人仍然認為它是真的)”，“Inotherwords(換句話說)”和“hasacontinuedinfluenceontheirthinking(對他們的思維有持續(xù)的影響)”可知，此處指的是被撤回的錯誤信息也會持續(xù)影響人的思維，因此it指代的是“錯誤信息”，即Themisinformation。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Eckerandhiscolleaguesdesignedanexperimentinwhich60universityundergraduatesreadaseriesofeventsthatwerewrittenaspairsofnewsstories,halfofwhichinvolvedaretractioninthesecondstoryofsomemisinformationstatedinthefirststory.Tomeasurethe“continuedinfluence”oftheinitialmisinformation,participantswereaskedaseriesofquestionsrelevanttothataspectofthenewsstory.(Ecker和他的同事們設(shè)計了一個實驗，讓60名大學(xué)生閱讀一系列事件，這些事件被寫成成對的新聞報道，其中一半涉及對第一篇報道中出現(xiàn)的一些錯誤信息的第二篇報道的撤回。為了衡量最初錯誤信息的“持續(xù)影響”，參與者被問及一系列與新聞故事的這一方面相關(guān)的問題)”可知，這個實驗是被很好設(shè)計的。故選A。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“However,theystillsuggestthatunnecessaryrepetitionsofmisinformationshouldbeavoided;ifsomeonedoesn’talreadybelievethemisinformation,repeatingitcoulddomoreharmthangood.(然而，他們?nèi)匀唤ㄗh應(yīng)該避免不必要的重復(fù)錯誤信息;如果有人不相信錯誤的信息，重復(fù)它可能弊大于利)”可知，本文主要講的是更正和撤回是很常見的——不僅在新聞中，在科學(xué)和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的錯誤信息是很難消除的，重復(fù)錯誤的信息可能弊大于利，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是D選項“CanRepeatingFalseInformationbeHelpful?(重復(fù)虛假信息有幫助嗎？)”。故選D。16．D17．C18．E19．G20．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一個循序漸進的儲蓄指南，可以幫助建立一個簡單而現(xiàn)實的儲蓄方法。16．根據(jù)空前的“Sometimesthehardestthingaboutsavingmoneyisjustgettingstarted.(有時候，儲蓄最難的事情只是開始。)”可知，儲蓄最難的事情是開始，根據(jù)空后“Therefore,youcansaveforallyourshort-andlong-termgoals.(因此，你可以為所有的短期和長期目標(biāo)儲蓄。)”中的therefore可知，此空與空后的內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)講述的內(nèi)容與開始如何做才能儲蓄，D選項“Thisstep-by-stepguidecanhelpyoudevelopasimpleandrealisticway(這個循序漸進的指南可以幫助你建立一個簡單而現(xiàn)實的方法。)”講述的內(nèi)容引出下文中介紹的儲蓄的方法，且與空前的內(nèi)容一致，與空后的內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，符合邏輯。故選D項。17．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Recordyourexpenses.(記錄你的開支。)”可知，本段講述的是要想儲蓄，首先要記錄開支，知道自己花多少錢，C選項“Keeptrackofallyourexpenses(記錄你所有的開支)”講述的內(nèi)容與本段的主題一致，expense為關(guān)鍵詞，且與空后“Thatmeanseverycoffee,householditemandcashtipaswellasregularmonthlybills.(這意味著每杯咖啡、家庭用品、現(xiàn)金小費以及每月的日常賬單。)”講述的內(nèi)容吻合，空后的內(nèi)容是對C項內(nèi)容的詳細解釋。故選C項。18．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Includesavinginyourbudget.(在你的預(yù)算中包括儲蓄。)”可知，本段講述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是與制定預(yù)算相關(guān)，結(jié)合空后的“Yourbudgetshouldshowhowyourexpensesarerelativetoyourincome,sothatyoucanplanyourspendingandlimitoverspending.(你的預(yù)算應(yīng)該顯示出你的支出與收入的關(guān)系，這樣你就可以計劃你的支出，限制超支。)”講述的是對預(yù)算的要求，由此可知，此空應(yīng)與做預(yù)算相關(guān)，E選項“Nowthatyouknowhowmuchyouspendinamonth,youcanbegintocreateabudget(既然你知道了你一個月花了多少錢，你就可以開始制定預(yù)算了。)”講述的內(nèi)容承接上文中的記錄開支，又引出本段講述的做預(yù)算，起到承上啟下的作用。故選E項。19．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Findwaystocutspending.(想辦法削減開支)”以及空前的“Lookforwaystosaveonyourfixedmonthlyexpenses,suchasyourcarinsuranceorcellphoneplan,aswell.(想辦法節(jié)省每月的固定開支，比如你的汽車保險或手機計劃。)”可知，本段講述的是如何削減開支，G選項“Otherideasformanagingeverydayexpensesincludesearchingforfreeactivities,reviewingrecurringcharges,