非謂語動詞doing(自制答案版)

PAGEPAGE5非謂語動詞Ving一、非謂語動詞的基本用法定義：在句子中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。分類：1.不定式（主動/將來/具體/）:HedecidedtoworkhardatEnglish.2.-Ving形式2.1動名詞（主動/習慣/抽象）：Learningisimportanttous.2.2現(xiàn)在分詞（主動/進行）:Westoodthere,chatting.3.-ed形式(過去分詞)（被動/完成）:ThenovelwrittenbyMoYanisveryimportant.非謂語動詞雖然不能充當謂語，但是可以充當除謂語動詞以外的其他句子成分。如：主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補doing√√√√√√todo√√√√√√ed√√√√找出非謂語動詞，并判斷成分1.Makingourcitygreeneriseveryone’sduty.主語2.Thegovernmentisdeterminedtocontinuethegreenprogram.目的狀語3.Ifindmyhometownchangedsomuch.賓補4.Havingfreshair,treescanreduceairpollution.狀語5.Everyefforttomaketheprogrammakesadifference.定語Ving的幾個形勢變化一般式（謂語動詞同時發(fā)生）doingbeingdone（被動式）完成式（謂語動詞發(fā)生之前）havingdonehavingbeendone（被動式）動名詞的形式：doing否定式：not+doing（1）一般式：常用來表示一個正在進行的主動的動作Doyouknowtheman__talking____(talk)toourheadteacher?（2）一般式的被動式：被動語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進行中的被動動作Hecametothepartywithout_beinginvited______(invite)．他未被邀請就來到了晚會。（3）完成式：所表示的主動的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前（已經(jīng)完成的主動的動作）_Havingfinished______(finish)hiswork,hewenttothepartywithjoy.（4）完成被動式：表示被動的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞表示的動作之前（已經(jīng)完成的被動的動作）__Havingbeenshown_______(show)aroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrarynext.（5）否定式：not+動名詞Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。（6）復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+動名詞在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構成-ing的復合結構。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們再試一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。1.作主語：表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的行為、經(jīng)驗用-ing形式；__Reading______(read)aloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。_Collecting_______(collect)stampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。當動名詞短語作主語時也有用it作形式主語的，常見句式有：A：It’snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingB:It’snice/fun/useless/worthdoingEg.It'snouse__quarreling_______(quarrel).爭吵是沒用的。2.作表語：①說明主語的具體內(nèi)容②像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人……的(事物)”；Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis_laying_/tolay___(lay)eggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。3.作賓語：A:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承認），deny（否認）,mind,permit,forbid,practice,risk（冒險）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地）等詞后B：在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，也可用不定式的被動式C：在介詞之后用動名詞作賓語。thinkof,dreamof,befondof,,insiston,feellike,,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin注意to是介詞的短語，如be/getusedto,beaccustomedto(習慣于),contribute…to…,devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻）,payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）D：含介詞的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花費/浪費時間或金錢havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困難haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艱難thereisno+n.(sense/use除了need之外)indoing做……是沒有理由/道理的E.復合結構做賓語物主代詞/名詞所有格+doingDoyoumindmy_opening_____(open)thewindow?Therainpreventshis_going____(go)toschool.Eg.Theyhaven'tfinished_building_______(build)thedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。Wehavetopreventtheairfrom__beingpolluted______(pollute).我們必須阻止空氣被污染。Iamlookingforwardto_meeting____(meet)thestudentsfromAmerica.Whenherealizedhewasinpoorhealth,hefinallydecidedtogiveup_smoking____(smoke).Ireallyappreciateyour_helping______(help)mewhenIwasintrouble.Weshoulddowhatwecantopreventtheearth_becoming_______(become)toohottoliveon.此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。有些動詞可以加todo不定式也可以加doing做賓語但是兩者表示的意義不相同，對比：A:remember/forget/regret+todo/doingB:goon/stop+todo/doingC:try+todo/doing4.作定語：a.表示用途b.表示一個正在進行的主動的動作Hecan'twalkwithouta_walking_________(walk)stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。Doyouknowthegirl_standing_______(stand)underthetreenow?當分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后來的幾年中，他學習更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改為themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.作賓語補足語常跟在這些詞see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch之后如：seesb.doingsthEg.Canyouhearher_singing______(sing)thesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？Hekeptthecar__waiting_____(wait)atthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時，用不定式(未來或全過程)或-ing形式(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關系時，用-ed形式。另外，請注意復習以下6點：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等動詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補。(2)在help后作賓補的不定式帶不帶to均可。(3)在make,let,have等使役動詞和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官動詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補，但在其被動式后作主語補足語時，要加上to。(4)在with的賓語后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動關系，且意味著該動作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動關系，且表示動作持續(xù)進行。(5)getsb.todosth.=havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(主動、將來);get/have…doing使……處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動、持續(xù));getsth.done=havesth.done請人做/遭受(被動)。(6)makeoneself后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作賓補，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認識。6.作狀語：(非謂語動詞若與句子主語在邏輯上是主動關系)①作時間狀語：(While)_working_(work)inthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。②作原因狀語：_Being____(be)aLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語，表示伴隨：Hestayedathome,_cleaning______(clean)and_washing______(wash).他呆在家里，又擦又洗。④作條件狀語：(If)_playing_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。⑤作結果狀語：表示自然而然的結果。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的結果Hedroppedtheglass,_breaking____(break)itintopieces.他把杯子掉了，結果摔得粉碎。⑥作讓步狀語：Though_raining_____(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。⑦與邏輯主語構成獨立主格做垂懸狀語：-ing形式的獨立成分還有judgingby/from(根據(jù)…判斷),generallyspeaking(一般說來)，strictlyspeaking(嚴格說來),franklyspeaking(坦率地說),weatherpermitting(天氣允許)等。I_waiting_____(wait)forthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。Time_permitting______(permit),we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。_Judging______(judge)fromhisaccent,hemaybefromAfrica.有時也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式Withthelights_burning______(burn),hefellasleep.他點著燈睡著了。Exercise:1.Therearealotofstudents_waiting________(wait)towelcometheforeignteachers.2.Thebuilding__beingbuilt__________(build)willbeservedasourdining-hall.3.Thereare3problems__remaining________(remain)tobesolved.4._Hearing______(hear)thenews,theyjumpedwithjoy5.Not_knowing________(know)hisaddress,wehavenowaytogetintouchwithhim.6.Theysentalettertome,_hoping_______(hope)togetmysupport.7.__Havingworked/Working________(work)withhimformanyyears,Iknowshimverywell.8.__Havingfailed__________(fail)twice,shedidn’twanttohaveanothertry.9.Youshouldbecarefulwhile__crossing_____(cross)thestreet.10.Hewentout,_shutting______(shut)thedoorfrombehind.11._Believing________(believe)thatJuliethaddied,Romeodecidedtokillhimself.12.JustnowImetagirlhere_looking_______(look)likeanurse.13._Adding__________(add)upthefigures,we’llfindthecorrectanswers.14.Not__feeling______(feel)comfortable,Iwenttoseeadoctor.15.Helenborrowedadictionaryfromme,_saying________(say)thatshewouldreturnittomesoon.16.Generally__speaking_______(speak),theharderyouwork,themoreyougain.17.Withherbaby_sleeping_______(sleep)onherback,shewentoncleaningtheroom.18._Writing________(write)smoothly,thiskindofpensellswellinourschool.19.Your_drinking_________(drink)toomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.20.Hehasdevotedhimselfto___helping______(help)thepoor.非謂語題的解題總方法與思路：1.分析句子結構，辨明是否作非謂語。一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞），又沒有連詞的情況下，又有別的動詞。也就是說如果一部分是句子時，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動詞就是非謂語動詞。2.定語態(tài)(找邏輯主語)：如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動賓關系（被動關系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定時態(tài)：如果非謂語的動作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語動詞要用完成式，否則我們要用非謂語的一般式三、運用于寫作中.適用范圍：中文翻譯中有合適的動詞可作