7.2 中國經(jīng)典戲曲鑒賞一二

中西文化鑒賞AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit7Opera&Drama（戲曲與戲?。┱n程信息章節(jié)教學目標AppreciationofChineseandWesternCultures中西文化鑒賞Unit7Opera&Drama（戲曲與戲劇）文化拓展思政映射章節(jié)主題Focusofthisunit

Opera&Drama（戲曲與戲?。㏕hetypes,featuresandaestheticsofChineseandwesternoperaanddrama中西戲曲和戲劇的分類、特征以及美學知識能力思政abilitygoals

ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoals

tolearnsystematicallyChineseculturalknowledge系統(tǒng)學習中國文化知識toimprovecross-culturalcommunicationskills提高跨文化交際能力tounderstandthespiritualcoreoftheChinesenationreflectedinculturalthemes領會文化主題反映出的中華民族精神內(nèi)核knowledgegoals

KnowledgegoalstolearntheoriginsandstylesandEnglishexpressionsrelatedtoChineseandwesternoperaanddrama掌握中西戲曲與戲劇起源、類型及相關術語的英語表達AbilitygoalstobeabletocommunicateaccuratelyonculturaltopicsinEnglish能夠使用英語就文化主題進行準確溝通和交流Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstolearntheorigin,history,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChineseoperaandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通過學習中國戲曲的起源、歷史、傳承與發(fā)展，領會中華傳統(tǒng)美學ExperiencethebreadthanddepthofChinesetraditionalopera,andenhancenationalprideandculturalself-confidence體會中國傳統(tǒng)戲曲藝術的博大精深，增強民族自豪感與文化自信7.2AppreciationofClassicChineseOperas（中國經(jīng)典戲曲鑒賞）Lead-in（導入）：Brainstorming（頭腦風暴）:

Q1:CanyounamesomewellknownChineseoperas?Q2:Couldyouperformonestyle?AppreciationofClassicChineseOperas(I)TraditionalChineseoperaisanimportantpartofculturalheritageofChina.ItisalsoatreasureoftheworldbecauseitisoneofthethreeoldestdramaticartformstogetherwithancientGreekdramaandIndianSanskritdrama.TheThreeOldestDramaticArtFormsTraditionalChineseOperaAncientGreekdramaIndianSanskritdramaIndianSanskritdrama7.2.1.OriginofTraditionalChineseOperaTraditionalChineseoperahasalonghistory.Itoriginatedfromprimitivesinginganddancing.Itevolvedfromfolksongs,dances,talking,antimasqueandespeciallydistinctivedialecticalmusic.AftertheHan,Tang,SongandJinDynasties,arelativelycompleteoperaartwasformed.Itwascomposedofliterature,music,dance,finearts,martialarts,acrobaticsandperformingarts.Graduallyitbecameacomprehensivestageartform.7.2.2TheEarliestMatureFormofChineseOpera

Southernopera,alocalclassicaloperainSouthChina,istheearliestformofChineseopera.ItwasformedinWenzhou,ZhejiangProvinceattheturnoftheNorthernSongDynasty(960A.D.-1127A.D.)andtheSouthernSongDynasty(1127A.D-1279A.D).BasedonSongZaju,southernoperacombinedsouthernfolkmusicsongs,conversationsandotherartisticelementstogether.Thelyricsweresimple.Mostoftheplaystoldfolktales.Itformedthebasicartisticcharacteristicsofopera.7.2.3.TheFirstFlourishingPeriodofChineseOperaInthehistoryofChineseopera,YuanDynasty(1271A.D.-1368A.D.)isanimportantperiod.ItisfamousforYuanqu,consistingofSanquandZaju.YuanZajuisthefirstflourishingperiodofChineseopera.SanquisoneofthegenresofancientChineseliteratureoriginatedfromSongci.Itwaswritteninordertomatchthepopulartunesinthenorthatthattime.Itwaspopularwithpeoplefromallwalksoflife.ZajuisakindofcomprehensivetraditionalChineseartform,consistingsongs,dialogues,dancesandotherartisticforms.ThemostinfluentialpartinYuanquliesinthefeaturesofYuanZaju,simpleandnatural.DramatistssuchasGuanHanqing,WangShifu,BaiPuandZhengGuangzu,contributedgreatlytoitssuccess.TheyarealsoregardedastheFourGreatDramatistsintheYuanDynasty.1)TheFourGreatDramatistsintheYuanDynastySpeakingofYuanquandYuanZaju,wemustmentiontheFourGreatDramatistsandtheircontributions.TheFirstFlourishingPeriodofChineseOpera--YuanZajuTheFourGreatYuanDramatistsGuanHanqingWangShifuBaiPuMaZhiyuanGuanHanqingHewasanotabledramatistofYuanDynasty,borninDadu,thecapitaloftheYuanDynasty.Hewroteabout65playsandhismasterpieceisTheInjusticetoDouE.TheInjusticetoDouECouldyoutellthestoryin

TheInjusticetoDouEinEnglish?TheInjusticetoDouETheInjusticetoDouEisalsoknownasSnowinMidsummer.ItisamovingstorytouchingboththeHeavenandtheEarth.TheplaystellsastoryofawidownamedDouE.Herhusbanddiedtwoyearsaftertheirmarriage.ZhangtheMuleproposedtoDouEbutwasrejected.SohetookarevengeandaccusedDouEofmurderinghisfather.Beforeherexecution,DouEsworethatherinnocencewouldbeprovenbytheupcomingabnormalscenes.Thefirstonewasthatdrippingbloodneverdroppedontheground.ThesecondonewasthatitwasgoingtosnowinJunetocoverherbody.Thethirdonewasthatitwouldhaveathree-yeardroughtinherhometown.Afterherdeath,allherpredictionsdidoccurtoproveherinnocence.Lateron,DouE’sfather,DouTianzhang,becameanofficialandhewentbacktohishometown.TheghostofDouEtoldhimeverything.ZhangtheMulewassentencedtodeath.Othercorruptofficialswerepunished.FinallyDouEwasprovedtobeinnocent.ThestoryofDouEhasbeenadaptedbylaterdramatistsandreplayedonthestage.MaZhiyuanMaZhiyuanwasanothercelebrateddramatist.HedevelopedandpopularizedSanqu.HismasterpieceisSorrowin

theHanPalace,atragedy.ItisbasedonthehistoricalstoryofWangZhaoju,abeautyinHanDynasty.Sorrowin

theHanPalaceWangZhaojunZhengGuangzuZhengGuangzuwasanothercelebrateddramatist.HehelpedtomakeZajupopularagaininthesouth,especiallyinHangzhou.Hewrote18playsandeightofthemremaintothepresent.HismasterpieceisQiannv’sSoulLeavesHerBody.

Qiannv’sSoulLeavesHerBodyBaiPuBaiPuwasanotherrenowneddramatist.Hewrote16playsandthreeofthemareextant.TheyareOvertheWall,RainonthePaulownia

TreeandRomanceoftheEastWall.OvertheWallRainonthePaulownia

Tree2)

OtherImportantAncientChineseDramatistsBesidestheFourGreatDramatists,thereareotherwell-knowndramatistsintheYuanDynasty.WangShifuHismasterpieceisRomanceoftheWesternChamber,oneofthemostpopularclassiclovecomediesinChina.RomanceoftheWesternChamberRomanceoftheWesternChamberIttellsastoryofayoungcouple,CuiYingyingandZhangSheng,fallinginlove,whocouldnotgetmarriedwithouttheirparents’approvalbecauseitwasacustominancientChina.Buttheybroketheshacklesoftraditionalnotionsandlivedhappilytogetherintheend.Thisplayhasgreatinfluenceontheothertwogreatworks.OneisThePeonyPavilionwrittenbyTangXianzuandtheotherisADreamofRedMansionsWrittenbyCaoXueqin.Nowlet’swatchavideocliptoappreciateit.JiJunxiangHismasterpieceisTheOrphanofZhao,anexcellenthistoricaldrama.ThestorytookplaceintheSpringandAutumnperiod.ItisthefirstChineseplayintroducedtotheEurope.TheOrphanofZhao7.2.4.TheSecondFlourishingPeriodofChineseOperaThelegendoftheMingandQingDynastiesisthesecondflourishingperiodofChineseopera,originatedfromtheSouthernoperaoftheSongandYuanDynasties.AfterthemiddleoftheMingDynasty,legendsreplacedZaju.Thescriptswereusuallyelegant.Theperformancewasbecomingmoremature,usuallyintheformofKunqu.Nowlet’sgettoknowsomecelebrateddramatistsandtheirmasterpiecesinthatperiod.TangXianzuTangXianzuwasafamousdramatistoftheMingDynasty(1368A.D.-1644A.D).HismajorplaysarecalledtheFourDreams,whichinclude

ThePurpleHairpin,ADreamUndertheSouthernBough,TheHandanDream,andThePeonyPavilion.ThePeonyPavilionisconsideredashismasterpiece.TangXianzuTheFourDreamsThePurpleHairpin(紫釵記）

ADreamUndertheSouthernBough（南柯記）TheHandanDream（邯鄲夢）ThePeonyPavilion(牡丹亭）ThePeonyPavilionThePeonyPavilionThePeonyPavilionisaromanticplay.ItdescribesalovestorybetweenDuLiniangandLiuMengmei.Theyovercamemanydifficulties,defeatingtimeandspace,lifeanddeath,andgottogetherintheend.TangXianzuandThePeonyPavilionreceivehighreputationbothathomeandabroad.KongShangrenKongShangrenwasawell-knowndramatistoftheQingDynasty(1644A.D.-1911A.D.).Hewasa64th-generationdescendantofConfucius.HismasterpieceisThePeachBlossomFan.KongShangren

ThePeachBlossomFanThePeachBlossomFanThePeachBlossomFanisaromancestorybetweenthescholarHouFangyuandthecourtesanLiXiangjun.KongShangrenspentmorethantenyearsonit.IthasbeenaclassicofKunqustagesincethebeginning.SummaryOriginandFormationofTraditionalChineseOperaTheEarliestMatureFormofChineseOperaTheFirstFlourishingPeriodofChineseOperaTheSecondFlourishingPeriodofChineseOperaAppreciationofClassicChineseOperas(II)Inthelastsection,welearnedtheoriginofChineseopera.ItexperiencedtwoflourishingperiodssincetheYuanDynasty.Inthissection,wearegoingtoappreciatediverseChineseoperas.7.2.5TheDiversityofChineseOperasOverthepast800years,Chineseoperahasdevelopedintomanydifferentregionalvarietiesbasedonlocaldialects.Eachtypetakesitsnamefromitsorigin,suchasKunquopera,Pekingopera,Yuopera,Shaoxingopera,Pingju,Huangmeiopera,Qinqiang,Chuanopera,Cantoneseoperaandsoon.TheDiversityofChineseOperasmorethan360differentformsKunquPekingoperaYuoperaShaoxingoperaPingjuHuangmeioperaQinqiangChuanoperaCantoneseoperaKunqu-MotherofAllChineseOperasKunquOperaisatypicalancientoperastyle,originatedinJiangsuProvinceduringtheYuanDynasty.ItbecamethemostimportantformintheMingDynastywithbamboofluteasamelodiousaccompaniment.KunquisvaluedastheForefatherofAllOperas.ItislistedamongtheWorldOralandIntangibleHeritages.TherepresentativeworksofKunquareThePeonyPavilionandThePeachBlossomFan.TherepresentativeperformersofKunquareYuZhenfei,YueMeitiandsoon.7.2.6TheFiveMainKindsofChineseOperaAmongthediverseoperas,therearefivemostinfluentialoperas,representingthehighestachievementsofChineseopera.TheyarePekingopera,Yuopera,Pingjuopera,ShaoxingoperaandHuangmeiopera.TheFiveMainKindsofChineseOperaPekingoperaYuoperaPingjuoperaShaoxingoperaHuangmeiopera1)

PekingOperaPekingoperaisconsideredasChinesenationalopera.InthelateQingDynasty,itwasdevelopedfromKunquoperaandotherformsinAnhuiandHubeiprovinces.PekingoperahasthedeepestimpactonChina.Pekingoperaisacomprehensiveperformingarts,combiningsong,speech,dance-actingandcombattogether.Agreatactormustbegoodatsinging,dancing,performingandhavesomefoundationsinmartialartsandacrobaticsaswell.Thecharacterrolesareclassifiedintofixedtypes,calledasHangdang,includingSheng,dan,jingandchou.Generallyspeaking,femalerolesareknownasdan;Maleonesarecalledsheng;clownsareknownaschou,whichmeansuglyonesinChinese;frankandroughmalecharactersorcraftyanddangerousrolesareknownasjing.Masksareusedandeachcolorhasitsownspecialmeaning.Whitesymbolizesevil,craftinessandsuspicion.Greensymbolizesimpulsivenessandviolence.Redsymbolizesbraveryandloyalty.Blacksymbolizesroughnessandfierceness.ThemastersofPekingoperaareMeiLanfang,LiShaochun,LiuChangyuandLiWeikang.PekingoperawasonthelistoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanitybyUNESCOin2010.MeiLanfangLiShaochunLiuChangyuLiWeikang2)YuOperaYuoperaorYujuoriginatedfromHenanProvince,thecentralpartofChinaabout400yearsago.Lateron,itbecomespopularalongtheYellowRiverregions.ThemasterofYujuisChangXiangyu.HermasterpiecesareHuaMulanandMatchmaker.ChangXiangyu3)ShaoxingOperaShaoxingoperaorYuejuoriginatedinShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince.Themalerolesareplayedbyactresses.Itexposesfemininityintermsofsingingandperforming.ItispopularinZhejiangProvinceandShanghai.ThefamousactressesincludeWangWenjuan,XuYulanandFanRuijuan.TheirmasterpiecesareADreamofRedMansionsandTheButterfly’sLove.TheShaoxingoperasaremainlylovestories.WangWenjuanXuYulanFanRuijuan（范瑞娟）4)PingjuOperaPingjuoriginatedinHebeiProvinceanditispopularinthenorthpartofChina.BaiYushuangwasregardedastheQueenofPingju.TherepresentativeworksofPingjuareLiuQiao’erandFlowerAMatchmaker,botharefeaturedbyXinFengxia,anothermasterofPingju,alsoknownastheQueenofPingju.Sheisthepioneerofthe“new”styleaswell.BaiYushuang(白玉霜）XinFengxia（新鳳霞）5)HuangmeiOperaHuangmeioperaoriginatedinHuangmei,HubeiProvince.HoweveritwasdevelopedinAnqing,AnhuiProvince.Originallyitwassungbywomenwhentheywerepickingtea.ThereforeitwascalledtheTea-pickingoperaaswell.ThemastersofHuangmeioperaareYanFengyingandWangShaofang.TheirmasterpiecesareTheHeavenlyMaidandtheMortalandFemaleSon-in-LawofEmperor.YanFengying（嚴鳳英）WangShaofang（王少舫）7.2.7.OtherFamousChineseOperas1)

QinqiangQinqiangisfromShaanxiProvince,whereitwascalledQinthousandsofyearsago.QinqiangmeansthetuneorsoundofQininChinese.PlaysofQinqiangareusuallyadaptedfromsomewell-knownhistoricalstories,suchasTheGeneralsoftheYangStoriesofYueFei,TheThreeKingdoms.2)

ChuanOperaChuanoperaispopularmainlyinSichuan,ChongqingandGuizhouprovince.Itiswell-knownforitsface-changingskill.Onthestageactorsexpresstheirinvisibleemotionsbychangingtheirvisibleface-masks.Nowlet’swatchavideoclip.Chuanoperabecomesmorepopularin