英語(yǔ)句子成分詳細(xì)講解課件(共34張)

句子成分句子成分主語(yǔ)subject謂語(yǔ)predicate賓語(yǔ)object表語(yǔ)predicative賓補(bǔ)complement定語(yǔ)attribute狀語(yǔ)adverbial同位語(yǔ)appositive1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)1.主語(yǔ)（subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主題，是句子所陳述的主體，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例:那個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)了老師一些問(wèn)題.Thestudentaskedtheteachersomequestions.主語(yǔ)例:今天的天氣非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.主語(yǔ)2.謂語(yǔ)（predicate)：謂語(yǔ)一般是指主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，位置一般放于主語(yǔ)后面。例:他工作非常努力.Heworksveryhard.謂語(yǔ)例:今天的天氣非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.謂語(yǔ)例:他在字典里查出了這個(gè)單詞.Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.謂語(yǔ)3.賓語(yǔ)（object)：賓語(yǔ)在句子中主要充當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者，一般放于及物動(dòng)詞之后。例:老師把燈關(guān)了.Theteacherturnedoffthelights.介賓例:他們將不會(huì)傷害我們.Theywon’thurtus.動(dòng)賓例:他在上個(gè)星期放棄吸煙了.Hegaveupsmokinglastweek.介賓賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)賓介賓9、要學(xué)生做的事，教職員躬親共做；要學(xué)生學(xué)的知識(shí)，教職員躬親共學(xué)；要學(xué)生守的規(guī)則，教職員躬親共守。2023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202310、閱讀一切好書(shū)如同和過(guò)去最杰出的人談話(huà)。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/20232:09:18AM11、只有讓學(xué)生不把全部時(shí)間都用在學(xué)習(xí)上，而留下許多自由支配的時(shí)間，他才能順利地學(xué)習(xí)……（這）是教育過(guò)程的邏輯。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Nov-2314-Nov-2312、要記住，你不僅是教課的教師，也是學(xué)生的教育者，生活的導(dǎo)師和道德的引路人。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202313、Hewhoseizetherightmoment,istherightman.誰(shuí)把握機(jī)遇，誰(shuí)就心想事成。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202314、誰(shuí)要是自己還沒(méi)有發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育好，他就不能發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育別人。14十一月20232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1415、一年之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)谷；十年之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)木；終身之計(jì)，莫如樹(shù)人。十一月232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202316、教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自己學(xué)習(xí)，自己研究，用自己的頭腦來(lái)想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手來(lái)做這種精神。2023/11/142023/11/1414November202317、兒童是中心，教育的措施便圍繞他們而組織起來(lái)。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.

人必須相信自己，這是成功的秘訣。

賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Hebought

me

someflowers.4.表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)主要用于表述主語(yǔ)的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動(dòng)詞例:我是一個(gè)老師.Iamateacher.表語(yǔ)例:這種水果嘗起來(lái)味道很好.Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.表語(yǔ)1.be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官動(dòng)詞(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表語(yǔ)2.表狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個(gè)女孩變得非常擔(dān)心.Thegirlgotworried.表語(yǔ)5.定語(yǔ):(attribute)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞（代詞）的品質(zhì)與特征的詞。這是一節(jié)生動(dòng)有趣的課．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些難題要處理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)Ittookhimquitealittletimetogetfamiliarwiththeroutes______tothenest-shapedstadium.花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間他才熟悉通往鳥(niǎo)巢形的體育館的路。leading定語(yǔ)Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞)(副詞)６.狀語(yǔ):(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。①表時(shí)間：yesterday,today,tomorrow…Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買(mǎi)東西??？②表地點(diǎn)：inChina,attheairport…Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看見(jiàn)一個(gè)學(xué)生．③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因?yàn)樯∷越裉鞗](méi)有去上學(xué)．

Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表結(jié)果：to+do,v+ing,從句那個(gè)男孩從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)了，頭撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose為了考入一個(gè)更好的學(xué)校，我必須更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.⑥表?xiàng)l件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表讓步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他雖然不認(rèn)識(shí)我，但卻幫了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough那里的風(fēng)景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那樣看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴隨狀況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書(shū)．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.７.補(bǔ)語(yǔ):(complement)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)１．我又累又困，就去睡了。Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.2．我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書(shū)很有趣。Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)你的朋友來(lái)上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.8.同位語(yǔ):(appositive)當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來(lái)說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位語(yǔ)。我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老師，他從來(lái)都不騎自行車(chē)．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend.P77句子分類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）組成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋謂＋賓)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ))基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)謂語(yǔ):不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物動(dòng)詞)1.Thesun

rose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系動(dòng)詞)│Ｐ(表語(yǔ))1.This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.5.He

isgrowing

tallandstrong.6.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.7.Hisface

turned

red.

基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋謂＋賓)此句型的特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物動(dòng)詞)│Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Who

knows

theanswer?2.He

hasrefused

tohelpthem.3.He

enjoys

reading.4.He

said

“Goodmorning.”5.He

admits

thathewasmistaken.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She

ordered

herself

anewdress.2.He

brought

you

adictionary.3.I

showed

him

mypictures.4.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.5.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ))此句型的特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.