Time-management(時間管理)英漢對照作者：Randy-Pausch

RandyPausch:

蘭迪·波許:

Thankyou,that'sverykind,butnevertipthewaiterbeforethemealarrives.

謝謝.非常感謝.不過大餐尚未享用,先別給我這個侍者小費.(講的好再鼓掌.)

Thankyou,GabeandJim,Icouldn'timaginebeingmoregratefulforanintroduction.

ThesearetwopeoplethatI'veknownalongtime,ItaughthereatUVA,Ilovethisschool,

it'sanincredibleplacefilledwithtraditionandhistoryandrespect,thekindofqualitiesthat

Ireallyadmire,thatIwanttoseepreservedinAmericansociety.Andthisisoneofthe

placesthatIjustloveforpreservingthat.IthinkthehonorcodealoneattheUniversityof

Virginiaissomethingthateveryuniversityadministratorshouldstudyandlookatandsay:

“Whycan'twedothattoo?“Ithinktherearealotofthingsaboutthisplacetolove.

謝謝你們,蓋伯,吉姆.非常感謝對我的介紹.我認(rèn)識了這兩個朋友很久了.我曾經(jīng)在弗尼吉亞

大學(xué)這里講過課.我熱愛這所學(xué)校,這是一個充滿非常深厚的傳統(tǒng),歷史與尊崇的地方.我確實

很欣賞這樣的特點,我也期望這些特點長存于美國社會中,而這里也正是一個我所希望能長存

這樣的特點的地方.我認(rèn)為,光是弗尼吉亞大學(xué)的榮譽規(guī)范體系這一件事就值得每個大學(xué)管理

者去學(xué)習(xí),他們應(yīng)該去反思:“為什么我們不能這樣做?”我覺得這里的許多東西都讓我喜愛.

I'mgoingtotalktodayonthetopicoftimemanagement.Thecircumstancesare,asyou

probablyknow,alittlebitunusual.IthinkatthispointI'manauthoritytotalkaboutwhatto

dowithlimitedtime.Mybattlewithpancreaticcancerstartedaboutayearandahalfago.

Fought,didalltherightthingsbutasmyoncologistsaid,ifyoucouldpickoffalist,that's

nottheoneyou'dwanttopick.OnAugust15th,theseweremyCATscans.Youcansee

thatifyouscrollthroughallofthem,thereareaboutadozentumorsinmyliver,andthe

doctorsatthattimesaid,-Ilovethewaytheysayit:“Youhavethreetosixmonthsofgood

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healthleft.“Optimismandpositivephrasing.It'slikewhenyouareatDisney:“Whattime

doestheparkclose?“-“Theparkisopenuntileight.“SoIhave“threetosixmonthsof

goodhealth.“Well,let'sdothemath:Todayisthreemonthsandtwelvedays.SowhatI

hadonmyday-timerfortodaywasnotnecessarilybeingattheUVA.I'mpleasedtosay

thatwedotreatwithpalliativechemo,they'regoingtobuymealittlebitoftimeonthe

orderofafewmonthsifitcontinuestowork.I'mstillinperfectlygoodhealth.WithGabein

theaudience,I'mnotgoingtodopush-ups,becauseI'mnotgoingtobeshownup.Gabe

isreallyingoodshape!ButIcontinuetobeinrelativelygoodhealth,Ihadchemotherapy

yesterday,youshouldalltryit,it'sgreat.

我今天要講的話題是時間管理.你可能已經(jīng)知道了,我現(xiàn)在的情況有些不尋常.我覺得現(xiàn)在,在

利用有限的時間能做些什么的話題上,我算是個權(quán)威了.我與胰腺癌的戰(zhàn)斗開始于一年半之

前.我盡我所能和它戰(zhàn)斗,但就像我的腫瘤醫(yī)師說的那樣,如果有一張寫著各種癌癥名字的單

子來讓我挑,那也不要選擇得上胰腺癌.在8月15日,我的CAT掃描結(jié)果出來了.你們翻翻頁就

可以看到,我的肝臟上差不多有一打腫瘤.那時醫(yī)生說到--我喜歡他們這樣說--你還有三至六

個月的健康生命可活.這是個樂觀而積極的表述.這就像當(dāng)你身在迪士尼樂園問道:“公園幾

點關(guān)門?”“公園一直開到八點.”那么,我有“三到六個月的健康生命”.那么來做個計算

吧.明天就已經(jīng)三個月零十二天了,我的日歷不知道帶到這里沒有,我很高興與化療打交道,要

是它能繼續(xù)有效的話,它能幫我換回幾個月的時間,我仍非常健康.蓋伯在聽眾里面,我就不做

俯臥撐了,因為我不想炫耀了.蓋伯身體很棒!我一直處在相對健康的情況下.我昨天剛做過化

療,你們不妨都試一下,很棒.

Butitdoesbegthequestion,Ihavefinitetime-somepeoplesaid:“Sowhyareyougoing

andgivingatalk?“TherearealotofreasonsI'mcominghereandgivingatalk.Oneof

themisthatIsaidIwould.That'saprettysimplereason.AndI'mphysicallyableto.

AnotheroneisthatgoingtotheUniversityofVirginiaisnotlikegoingtosomeforeign

place.Peoplesay:“Aren'tyouspendingallyourtimewithfamily?“Andbycomingback

hereforaday,Iamspendingmytimewithfamilybothmetaphoricallyandliterallybecause

itturnsoutthat-manyofyouhaveprobablyseenthispicturefromthetalkthatIgave,

thesearemynieceandnephewChrisandLaura.MynieceLauraisactuallyasenior...a

fourth-year!hereatMr.Jefferson'suniversity.Laura,couldyoustandup,sotheysee

you'vegottentaller?Thereyouare.Icouldn'tbehappiertohaveherhereatthis

university.TheotherpersoninthispictureisChris,ifyoucouldstandupsotheysee

you'vegottenmuchtaller?Theyhavegrowninsomanyways,notjustinheight.It'sbeen

wonderfultoseethatandbeanuncletothem.Isthereanybodyhereonthefacultyor

Ph.D.studentsofthehistorydepartment?Anyhistorypeoplehereatall?Anybodyhere

whoisfromhistory,findChrisrightafterthetalk.Becauseheiscurrentlyinhissophomore

yearatWilliamandMaryandhe'sinterestedingoingintoaPh.D.programinhistorydown

theroadandtherearen'tmanybetterPh.D.programsinhistorythanthisone.SoI'm

pimpingformynephewhere!Let'sbeclear!

但說實在的,我只有有限的時間了.有人說,那你為什么來做講座呢?我來這里做講座有許多

原因.一個原因就是我曾說過我會來.這是一個非常簡單的理由.并且我的身體條件也允許我

這樣做.另外,對我來說弗尼吉亞大學(xué)并不是一個陌生的地方.人們常問:“難道你不打算將所

有的余生都與家人度過嗎?”我與我的家人一起來到這里,不僅是身體一起,心靈也在一起.

你們中的許多人可能已經(jīng)在我原先的演講中看到過這張圖片了.我的侄女勞拉是個大三..大四

的學(xué)生.她在杰弗遜大學(xué).勞拉,站起來下好嗎,讓大家看看你長高了沒有.你在這哦.她在這

里,我別提多開心了.另一個照片里的人是克里思,能不能站起來,讓大家也看看你長高沒有?

他們在很多方面都成長了,而不僅僅是身高.看到這些,作為叔叔的我感覺非常棒.這里有歷史

部的老師或是博士生嗎?這里有搞歷史的人嗎?要是誰搞歷史的話,講座結(jié)束后不妨找克里思

談?wù)?他現(xiàn)在是威廉瑪麗大學(xué)的大二的學(xué)生,對繼續(xù)讀歷史學(xué)的博士生非常感興趣.沒幾個大

學(xué)的歷史學(xué)博士項目比這里更好.說白了,我在給我的侄子找后門!

Whatarewegoingtotalkabouttoday?We'regoingtotalkabout-thisisnotlikethe

lecturethatyoumayhaveseenmegivebefore.Thisisaverypragmaticlecture.Oneof

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thereasonsthatIhadagreedtocomebackandgivethisisbecauseGabeandmany

otherfacultymembershadtoldmethattheyhadgottensomuchtangiblevalueabouthow

togetmoredone,andItrulydobelievethattimeistheonlycommoditythatmatters.So

thisisaverypragmatictalk.Itisinspirationalinthesensethatitwillinspireyoubygiving

yousomeconcretethingsyoumightdotobeabletogetmorethingsdoneinyour

finitetime.I'mgoingtotalkspecificallyabouthowtosetgoals,howtoavoidwastingtime,

howtodealwithaboss,-originallythistalkwashowtodealwithyouradvisor,butItried

tobroadenit,soit'snotquitesoacademicallyfocused.Howtodelegatetopeople,some

specificskillsandtoolsthatImightrecommendtohelpyougetmoreoutoftheday.Andto

dealwiththerealproblemsinourlives,whicharestressandprocrastination.Ifyoucan

lickthatlastone,youareprobablyingoodshape.

我們今天都要講些什么呢?我們要講些--這和你們以前看到的我的講座不一樣.這是一個很

實用的講座.我愿意回來做這個講座的一個原因就是蓋伯和許多教師都告訴我,他們覺得如何

在有限的時間內(nèi)做更多事,有實實在在的價值,我真的覺得時間是唯一重要的東西.這是一個

非常實用的講座.它告訴你一些非常實際的方法來幫助你在有限的時間內(nèi)做更多的事情.從這

個角度而言,這個講座是很有啟發(fā)性的.我將專門地討論如何設(shè)立目標(biāo),如何避免浪費時間.如

何與老板打交道..本來是要講如何與你的輔導(dǎo)員打交道的,但我嘗試去擴(kuò)展這次講座,使之不

是僅針對學(xué)術(shù).如何委派他人,教你們使用一些特定的技巧和工具來使你的一天更有效率.還

包括如何與身邊的問題打交道,例如面對壓力和拖延.如果你不拖延的話,你身材可能會很棒.

Youdon'tneedtotakeanynotes.IpresumeifIseeanylaptopsopenyou'reactuallyjust

doingIMoremailorsomething.Ifyou'relisteningtomusic,pleaseatleastwear

headphones.Allofthiswillbepostedonmywebsiteandtomakeitreallyeasy,ifyouwant

toknowwhentolookup,anyslidesthathavearedstararethepointsthatIthinkyou

shouldreallymakesurethatyougotthatone.Conversely,ifitdoesn'thavearedstar,

well...

你們不用記筆記.要是我看到有筆記本電腦開著的話,我會假定你實際上是在聊天,發(fā)郵件,或

干其它的事.要是你在聽音樂,至少把耳機戴上.這次的講座的全部內(nèi)容將會在我的網(wǎng)站上發(fā)

布出來.更方便的是,如果你想回顧這次講座,我把重點的幻燈片用紅星標(biāo)注出來了.反之,要

是沒有紅星,呃..

ThefirstthingIwanttosayisthatAmericansarevery,verybadatdealingwithtimeasa

commodity.We'rereallygoodatdealingwithmoneyasacommodity.Weare,asaculture,

veryinterestedindealingwithmoney,howmuchsomebodyearnsisastatusthingandso

on,butwedon'treallyhavetimeelevatedtothat.Peoplewastetheirtimeanditalways

fascinatesme.OneofthethingsthatI'venoticedisthatveryfewpeopleequatetimeand

moneyandtheyarevery,veryequatable.ThefirstthingIstarteddoingwhenIwasa

teacherwasaskingmygraduatestudents:“Well,howmuchisyourtimeworthanhour?“

Orifyouworkatacompany:“Howmuchisyourtimeworthtothecompany?“Whatmost

peopledon'trealizeisthatifyouhaveasalary,let'ssayyoumake50,000$ayear,you

probablycostthatcompanytwicethatinordertohaveyouasanemployeebecause

there'sheatingandlightingandotherstaffmembersandsoforth,soifyougetpaid50,000

ayear,youarecostingthatcompany-theyhavetoraise100,000$inrevenue!Andifyou

dividethatbyyourhourlyrate,youbegintogetsomesenseofwhatyouareworthan

hour.Whenyouhavetomaketrade-offsof“ShouldIdosomethinglikewritesoftwareor

shouldIjustbuyitorshouldIoutsourcethis?“,havinginyourheadwhatyoucostyour

organizationanhourisreallyastaggeringthingtochangeyourbehavior.Becauseyou

startrealizingthat,wow,ifIfreeupthreehoursofmytimeandI'mthinkinginthatinterms

ofdollars,that'sabigsavings!Sostartthinkingaboutyourtimeandyourmoneyalmostas

iftheyarethesamething.OfcourseBenFranklinknewthatalongtimeago.

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我想說的第一件事是,美國人不善于將時間看作商品,我們很善于將金錢看成商品.作為一種

文化,我們對跟金錢打交道非常感興趣,一個人的收入多少往往是身份高低的象征,但我們卻

從未將時間提升到這樣的高度.人們浪費他們的時間,這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常引起我的注意.我注意到:

極少的人將時間看作與金錢同等重要的東西,盡管它們事實上非常同質(zhì).在我當(dāng)老師時,第一

件事就是問我的研究生,你的一個小時值多少錢?或者你工作在公司里,你的一小時對公司來

說值多少錢?許多人并不知道,如果你有一份50000美元年薪的工作,那么你可能實際上要耗

掉公司兩倍于你的薪水的錢來雇用你:要考率到水電,其它人力等等的費用.也就是說,如果

你每年拿到50000美元,那么公司的盈利得相應(yīng)增加100000美元!用這個數(shù)字去除你的工時,

你就能對你自己一個小時的價值有點感覺了.當(dāng)你需要做一些交易的時候,比如說,我是去自

己寫一個程序,還是去買一個,或是將這項工作外包出去給別人.在你的頭腦中保持你每個小

時耗掉公司多少錢這樣的概念,對改變你的行為有巨大的幫助.因為你開始意識到,哇,如果我

能節(jié)省自己三個小時的時間,把它換算成金錢,那真是省了很多錢啊!所以,要開始把你的時間

和金錢當(dāng)成同等的事物來考慮.當(dāng)然,本杰明.富蘭克林很久之前就懂這個道理了.

Soyou'vegottomanageitandyou'vegottomanageitjustlikeyoumanageyourmoney.

NowIrealizenotallAmericansmanagetheirmoney,that'swhatmakesthecreditcard

industrypossible.Andapparently,mortgagestoo.Butmostpeopledoatleastunderstand-

theydon'tlookatyoufunnyifyousay:“CanIseeyourmonetarybudgetforyour

household?“Infact,whenIsay“yourhouseholdbudget“,youpresumethatI'mtalking

aboutmoneywheninfactthehouseholdbudgetIreallywanttotalkaboutisprobablyyour

householdtimebudget.

于是你需要開始像打理你的金錢一樣來打理你的時間,我知道現(xiàn)在也不是所有美國人都去打

理自己的金錢,這造就了信用卡行業(yè).當(dāng)然,還有抵押貸款.不過許多人最終將會明白.當(dāng)你說:

“我能否看一下你的家政預(yù)算?”的時候,他們不會以滑稽的眼神看著你了.事實上,當(dāng)我提到

你的家政預(yù)算的時候,你可能會假定我說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的,而實際上,我說的是你的家政時間預(yù)

算.

AttheEntertainmentTechnologyCenteratCarnegieMellon,studentswouldcomein

duringtheorientation,Iwouldsay:“Thisisamaster'sprogram,everybodyispayingfull

tuition.“Itwasroughly30,000$asemester,andthefirstthingIwouldsayis:“Ifyou're

goingtocomeintomyofficeandsay:“Idon'tthinkthisisworth60,000$ayear“,Iwill

throwyououtoftheoffice.I'mnotevengoingtohavethisdiscussion.“Ofcoursethey

wouldsay:“Ohgod,thisPauschguyisarealjerk.“Andthentheywereright!ButwhatI

thenfollowedonwithwas:“Becausethemoneyisnotimportant.Youcangoandearn

moremoneylater.Whatyou'llneverdoisgetthetwoyearsofyourlifeback.Soifyou

wanttocomeintomyofficeandtalkaboutthemoney,I'llthrowyouout,butifyouwantto

comeintomyofficeandsay:“I'mnotsurethisisagoodplaceformetospendtwoyears“,

Iwilltalktoyoualldayandallnightbecausethatmeanswe'retalkingabouttherightthing,

whichisyourtime,becauseyoucan'tevergetitback.

在卡耐基-梅隆大學(xué)的娛樂技術(shù)中心,參觀的學(xué)生有時會走進(jìn)我的辦公室.我會告訴他:“這是

一個碩士項目,每個人都要付全額的學(xué)費.”大約是三萬美元一年.首先我要說,要是你走進(jìn)我

的辦公室對我說,“我覺得這不值六萬美元一年的學(xué)費.”那我會把你扔出辦公室.我將不再

和你討論.當(dāng)然,他們會說:“哦,老天,這個叫波許的家伙真混蛋.”他們說對了!但我接著要

說:“因為金錢并不重要,你能把你的錢以后再掙回來.但你永遠(yuǎn)不能找回你這兩年度過的時

光.要是你打算走進(jìn)我的辦公室跟我討論錢的事,我會把你扔出去;但如果你走進(jìn)了跟我

說:“我不知道這里是否值得我花費兩年時光.”我會跟你沒日沒夜的談,因為這代表著我們在

談?wù)撜_的事情,那就是你的時間,你永遠(yuǎn)也不能找回自己逝去的時光.

AlotoftheadviceI'mgoingtogiveyouparticularlyforundergraduates-howmanypeople

inthisroomareundergraduates,byshowofhands?Okay,good!Stillyoung!Alotofthis-

putittoHansandFranzofSaturdayNightLifeifyou'reoldenough:“Hearmenow,but

believemelater!“Alotofthisisgoingtomakesenselater,andoneofthenicestthingsis

thatGabehasvolunteeredtoputthisupontheweb.Iunderstandthatpeoplecanactually

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watchvideosonthewebnow.Soalotofthiswillmakesenselater,andwhenItalkabout

yourbossifyou'reastudent,thinkaboutthatasyouracademicadvisor,ifyou'reaPh.D.

student,thinkaboutitasyourPh.D.advisor,andifyou'rewatchingthisandyouarea

youngchild,thinkofthisasyourparentbecausethatisthepersonwhoisinsomesense

yourboss.

許多建議是專門為本科生準(zhǔn)備的.這里有多少人是本科生,手舉起來!好的!你們還年輕啊!今

天說的許多好多東西,如果你看SaturdayNightLife的HansandFranz的話,都是“現(xiàn)在先

聽著,晚些才相信”的.許多東西,你以后才會意識到.最好的是,蓋伯愿意將這次講座整理到

網(wǎng)上.我知道人們現(xiàn)在可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)觀看視頻了,到你再次看這視頻時,可能就能意識到一些

東西了.如果你是個學(xué)生,當(dāng)我討論到關(guān)于老板的時候,你可以想象成是你的輔導(dǎo)員,如果你是

博士生,那就換成博士生導(dǎo)師.要是你還是個年輕的孩子,那么就想象成你的父母,他們就類似

你的老板.

{注:SaturdyNightLife是一檔美國周末晚間的節(jié)目,HanzandFranz是其中的角色.我沒有看過這個節(jié)目,如果

有朋友看過的話不妨告訴我更多背景知識.}

ThetalkgoesveryfastandI'mverybigonspecifictechniques.I'mnotreallybigon

platitudes.Platitudesarenice,buttheydon'treallyhelpmegetsomethingdonetomorrow.

Theotherthingisthatonegoodthiefisworthtengoodscholars.Andinfact,youcan

replacetheword“scholars“inthatsentencewithalmostanything.Almosteverythinginthis

talkistosomedegreeinspired,whichisafancywayofsayinglifted,fromthesetwobooks

[CathyCollins:TimeManagementforTeachers,1987;CareerTrackSeminar:Taking

controlofYourWorkDay,1990],andIfoundthosebooksveryusefulbutit'smuchbetter

togetthemintoadistilledform.WhatI'vebasicallydoneisI'vecollectedthenuggetsfor

yourbath.

講座的速度很快,我長于專業(yè)技巧,而不善于老生常談.它們可能聽起來不錯,但不能真正地幫

助我們在未來去把事情搞定.同時,“一個好的賊頂過十個好的學(xué)者.”事實上,你可以將句子

中“學(xué)者”這個詞換成幾乎任何一個其它的詞.這次講座中幾乎所有的思想都收到這兩本書

的啟發(fā):[CathyCollins:TimeManagementforTeachers,1987;CareerTrackSeminar:

TakingcontrolofYourWorkDay,1990]我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些書非常有用,可將它們中的精華提煉出來

會更好.我基本上已經(jīng)將書中的精華采集出來,為你準(zhǔn)備好了.

Iliketotalkabout“TheTimeFamine“.Ithinkit'sanicephrase.Doesanybodyherefeel

liketheyhavetoomuchtime?Okay,nobody,excellent.Iliketheword“famine“,because

it'salittlebitlikethinkingaboutAfrica.Youcanairliftallthefoodyouwantintosolvethe

crisisthisweekbuttheproblemissystemic,andyoureallyneedsystemicsolutions.Atime

managementsolutionthatsays,“I'mgoingtofixthingsforyouinthenext24hours“is

laughable,justlikesaying:“I'mgoingtocurehungerinAfricainthenextyear.“Youneedto

thinklong-termandyouneedtochangefundamentalunderlyingprocessesbecausethe

problemissystemic,wejusthavetoomanythingstodoandnotenoughtimetodothem.

我喜歡講“時間饑荒”.我覺得這個短語很好.在座的各位,有人覺得自己的時間很多嗎?很好,

沒有.我喜歡“饑荒”這個詞,是因為這有點讓人聯(lián)想到非洲.你可以空降一些食物來解決這周

的危機,可問題是系統(tǒng)性的,因此你也需要系統(tǒng)性的解決方案.“24小時之內(nèi)我能幫你把事情

做完”,這樣的時間管理方法就很可笑,這就像是說:“一年之內(nèi)我能解決非洲的饑餓”一樣.

你得從長計議,你需要通過改變基礎(chǔ)的,潛在的過程來解決這個系統(tǒng)性的問題:我們有太多的

事情要做,但我們沒有足夠的時間.

Theotherthingtorememberisthatit'snotjustabouttimemanagement.Thatsoundslike

akindofalukewarm,atalkabouttimemanagement,that'skindofmilk-toast.Buthow

aboutifthetalkis:Howaboutnothavingulcers?Thatcatchesmyattention!Soalotofthis

islifeadvice.Thisis,howtochangethewayyou'redoingalotofthethingsandhowyou

allocateyourtimesothatyouwillleadahappier,morewonderfullife,andIlovedinthe

5

introductionthatyoutalkedaboutfun!BecauseifI'vebroughtfuntoacademia,well,it's

aboutdamntime!Ifyou'renotgoingtohavefun,whydoit?That'swhatIwanttoknow.

Lifereallyistooshort,ifyou'renotgoingtoenjoyit...Peoplewhosay:“Well,I'vegotajob

andIdon'treallylikeit“,I'mlike:“Well,youcouldchange?!““Butthat'llbealotofwork!“-

“You'reright,youshouldkeepgoingtoworkeverydaydoingajobyoudon'tlike.Thank

you,goodnight.“

此外,這次講座并不僅僅是關(guān)于時間管理.一個關(guān)于時間管理的講座,聽起來可能就感覺無關(guān)

痛癢-無非就那么回事.但如果這個講座是:如果沒有得潰瘍會怎樣?那就會引起我的注意.這

次講座包含了不少對人生的建議.這包括如何去改變你行事的方式,如何把你的時間匯聚起

來,以使你過上更幸福,更精彩的生活.我挺喜歡剛剛談到快樂的講座前的介紹.因為要說我能

給學(xué)術(shù)界帶來了些歡樂,那就是在關(guān)于時間的問題上.如果你不打算快樂,那么為什么還要做

某件事?我想知道答案.生命著實太短暫,難道你不想好好去享受它嗎?有人說,“嗯,我有一

份工作,但我不喜歡.”我會說“那么,你能改變現(xiàn)狀嗎?”“可那要做很多工作!”“確實如

此,可你每天做著自己不喜歡的工作,也要干很多事啊.謝謝,晚安..”

Sotheoverallgoalisfun.MymiddlechildLoganismyfavoriteexample.Idon'tthinkhe

knowshowtonothavefun.No,grant,thelotofthethingshedoesarenotfunforhis

motherandme.Buthe'slovingeverysecondofit.Hedoesn'tknowtodoanythingthat

isn'tballisticandfulloflife.He'sgoingtokeepthatquality,he'smylittleTigger,andI

alwaysrememberLoganwhenIthinkaboutthegoalistomakesurethatyouleadyourlife

-Iwanttomaximizeuseoftime,butthat'sthemeans,nottheend.Theendismaximizing

fun.

所以說人生的總目標(biāo)就是快樂.我最喜歡拿我的孩子勞甘舉例子.我不知道他什么時候才不快

樂.他做的許多事情對我和我的妻子來說,都不顯得那么有趣.然而,他卻的確非常享受做這些

事的每一秒鐘.他不知道怎樣不去專心的做什么事情.他一直保持著這樣的特點,他就是我的

小跳跳虎.當(dāng)我意識到我的目標(biāo)是讓自己能夠引領(lǐng)自己的生活時,我總能想起勞甘.我希望盡

可能最大化的利用我的時間--但這就意味著,還沒到止境.止境是獲得最大化的快樂.

Peoplewhodointensestudiesandlogpeopleonvideotapeandsoonsaythatthetypical

officeworkerwastesalmosttwohoursaday.Theirdeskismessy,theycan'tfindthings,

theymissappointments,areunpreparedformeetings,theycan'tconcentrate.Does

anybodyinherebyshowofhandseverhaveanysensethatoneofthesethingsispartof

theirlife?Okay,Ithinkwe'vegoteverybody!Sotheseareauniversalthingandyou

shouldn'tfeelguiltyifsomeofthesethingsareplagueingyoubecausetheyplagueallof

us,theyplaguemeforsure.

有人做了仔細(xì)的研究,他們通過錄影帶觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)普通的辦公室職員一天差不多能能浪費掉兩

個小時.他們的桌面亂糟糟的,東西要用的時候就找不著,他們經(jīng)常忘記掉約會,或是對會議毫

無準(zhǔn)備,無法集中注意力.這里有人也有過同樣的感覺嗎?舉手.好的,差不多所有人都這樣!

這是件很普遍的事情,你也沒必要因為這些現(xiàn)象的困擾感到負(fù)罪感.因為這些事也同樣困擾著

所有人.當(dāng)然,也包括我.

TheotherthingIwanttotellyouisthatitsoundsalittleclichédandtried,butbeing

successfuldoesnotmakeyoumanageyourtimewell.Managingyourtimewellmakesyou

successful.IfI'vebeensuccessfulinmycareer,Iassureyouit'snotbecauseI'msmarter

thanalltheotherfaculty.Imean,I'mlookingaround,andI'mlookingatsomeofmyformer

colleagues,andIseeJimCohoonupthere:I'mnotsmarterthanJimCohoon.Iconstantly

lookaroundatthefacultyatplacesliketheUniversityofVirginiaorCarnegieMellon,andI

go:“Damn,thesearesmartpeople!“AndIsnuckin!ButwhatIliketothinkI'mgoodatis

themeta-skills,becauseifyou'regoingtohavetorunwithpeoplewhoarefasterthanyou

youhavetofindtherightwaystooptimizewhatskillsyoudohave.

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另外我想告訴你們,可能聽起來有點陳腐,不過成功并不意味著你會管理好你的時間.而管理

好你的時間卻能夠使你成功.要說我的職業(yè)生涯還算成功的話,我向你保證,這不是因為我比

別人聰明.我的意思是,當(dāng)我放眼四顧,我能看到一些我曾經(jīng)的同事,我看到了吉姆·科洪,我沒

有他聰明.我一直在觀察那些在卡耐基-梅隆或者弗尼吉亞大學(xué)這樣地方的教師,我會驚嘆,

“天啊,全是聰明人.”而我也在其中暫露頭角.我傾向于認(rèn)為我擅長(時間管理這個)基本技

能.因為如果你要和比你跑的快的人賽跑,你就必須找到能最大程度的發(fā)揮你掌握的技能的路

徑.

Let'stalkfirstaboutgoals,prioritiesandplanning.Anytimeanythingcrossesyourlife,

you'vegottoask:“ThisthingI'mthinkingaboutdoing,whyamIdoingit?Almostnoone

thatIknowstartswiththecoreprincipleof,there'sthisthingonmyToDolist,whyisit

there?Becauseifyou'restartaskinglike,whyamI...mykidsaregreatatthis.Thatis,all

I'veeverheardathomeis:Why?Why?Soonerorlaterthey'regoingtostopsaying“Why“,

they'rejustgoingtosay:“Okay,I'lldoit.“Soask,whyamIdoingthis,whatisthegoal,

whywillIsucceedatdoingit,andhere'smyfavorite:WhatwillhappenifIdon'tdoit?The

bestthingintheworldiswhenIhavesomethingonmyToDolistandIjustgo:Hmm,no.

Noonehasevercomeandtakenmetojail.

讓我們先談?wù)勀繕?biāo),優(yōu)先級和計劃.無論什么時候,有什么事進(jìn)入你的生活,你得要問問自己,

我想做的這件事,我為什么要做?然而我認(rèn)識的人里面,幾乎沒有人能夠去想這個核心的問題:

如果這件事出現(xiàn)在我的任務(wù)列表中,它為什么會出現(xiàn)在那里?因為如果你這樣問自己,我為什

么...我的孩子很擅長這樣問.我在家經(jīng)常聽到,為什么?為什么?過一陣他們就會停下來不再

問為什么,他們會說,好吧,我做.所以,要問自己,為什么我要做這件事?目標(biāo)是什么?為什么

我能做成這件事?還有我最喜歡問自己的:如果我不做這件事會怎樣?世界上最好的事情就是

當(dāng)我的任務(wù)列表上面還有東西沒有做的時候,我把它放在一邊,也沒有人來把我抓到監(jiān)獄里.

Italkedmywayoutofaspeedingticketlastweek,thatwasreallycool.It'sliketheclosest

I'veevergoingtobetoattractiveandblonde.Itoldtheguywhywehadjustmovedandso

onandsoforth,andhelookedatmeandsaid:“Well,foraguywho'sonlygotacoupleof

monthstolive,yousurelookgood!“IjustpulledupmyshirttoshowthescarandIsaid,

“Yeah,Ilookgoodontheoutsidebutthetumorsareontheinside.“Hejustranbacktohis

cruiserand...!Sothat'sonepositivelawenforcementexperienceforme.

我上周和警察交談把我的一張超速罰單免了,這真的很酷,這感覺就像我變成金發(fā)美女那樣誘

人一樣.我告訴那個警察我們剛剛搬到這里,很多情況不熟悉,等等等等...他看著我對我說,

“作為一個只有幾個月能活的人,你看起來不錯!”我拉起我的T恤,把手術(shù)疤給他看,說:“是

的,從外面看我還不錯,不過腫瘤在里面.”他就跑回到他的巡警車?yán)锩?.對我來說,這是和執(zhí)

法機構(gòu)打交道的一次愉快經(jīng)歷.

ThepolicehavenevercomebecauseIcrossedsomethingoffmyToDolist.That'savery

powerfulthingbecauseyou'vegotallthattimeback.Theotherthingtokeepinmindwhen

you'redoinggoalsettingis,alotofpeoplefocusondoingthingsright.Ithinkit'svery

dangeroustofocusondoingthingsright.Ithinkit'smuchmoreimportanttodotheright

things.Ifyoudotherightthingsadequately,that'smuchmoreimportantthandoingthe

wrongthingsbeautifully.Doesn'tmatterhowwellyoupolishtheundersideofthebanister.

Keepthatinmind.

警察從來沒有因為我忽略掉我任務(wù)清單上的某事而把我抓走.這是件很棒的事,因為你可以把

做這些事的時間省下來.另外要記住,當(dāng)你制定自己的目標(biāo)的時候,許多人把精力放在正確的

做事上面.我覺得把精力集中在正確的做事上不好,做正確的事更重要.把正確的事做的差不

多,要比把錯誤的事做得漂亮重要的多.就像你把欄桿的下沿擦的再亮也一點也不重要.牢記

于心.

LouHoltzhadagreatlist:LouHoltz's100thingstodoinhislife.Hewouldonceaweek

lookatitandsay:IfI'mnotworkingonthose100things,whywasIworkingontheothers?

7

Ithinkthat'sanincrediblewaytoframethings.There'ssomethingcalledthe80/20rule.

Sometimesyou'llhearaboutthe90/10rule,butthekeythingtounderstandisthatavery

smallnumberofthingsinyourlifeoronyourToDo-listaregoingtocontributethevast

majorityofthevalue.Ifyou'reasalesperson,80percentoftherevenueisgoingtocome

from20percentofyourclients.Andyoubetterfigureoutwhothose20percentareand

spendallyourtimesuckinguptothem.Becausethat'swheretherevenuecomes.You've

gottobewillingtosay,thisstuffiswhat'sgoingtobethevalueandthisotherstuffisn'tand

you'vegottohavethecourageofyourconvictionstosay,thereforeI'mgonnashovethe

otherstuffofftheboat.

盧·霍爾茲有一份很棒的列表:一生中要做的100件事.他每周看看這個列表,反思:要是我沒在

做這一百件事,那么干嘛做其它的事?我覺得這是一個約束事情的很好的方法.有個規(guī)律叫做

80/20定律,有時你聽到的也可能是90/10定律,不過關(guān)鍵的是,你生活中的或是任務(wù)列表中的

少數(shù)幾件事卻有很重要的價值.要是你是個銷售員,你80%的利潤來自于20%的客戶.你應(yīng)該

判斷出誰屬于這20%,從而將大部分時間花在與這些客戶打交道身上,因為他們才是利潤的來

源.這樣你將看到,某些事能帶來價值,而其它的某些事不能帶來價值,從而有勇氣把那些不重

要的事情放下.

Theotherthingtorememberisthatexperiencecomeswithtimeandit'sreally,really

valuable,andtherearenoshortcutstogettingit.Goodjudgmentcomesfromexperience,

andexperiencecomesfrombadjudgment.Soifthingsaren'tgoingwell,thatprobably

meansyou'relearningalotandwillgobetterlater.Thisis,bytheway,whywepayso

muchinAmericansocietyforpeoplewhoaretypicallyolderbuthavedonelotsofthingsin

theirpastbecausewe'repayingfortheirexperiencebecauseweknowthatexperienceis

oneofthethingsyoucan'tfake.

另外要記住,獲得經(jīng)驗需要時間,這些經(jīng)驗真的非常非常寶貴,也再沒有其它捷徑來獲得它們.

好的決定源自經(jīng)驗,而這經(jīng)驗卻正源自不好的決定.因此,如果事情的進(jìn)展不順利,可能這就意

味著你將從中學(xué)到很多,情況也會漸漸變好.在美國社會中,我們付給那些年華已逝但曾做過

很多事的人那么多薪酬,實際上我們是為他們的經(jīng)驗付薪酬.因為我們都知道,經(jīng)驗是一樣我

們無法做偽的東西.

Anddonotlosesightofthepowerofinspiration.Randy'sinanhourlongtalkandwe've

alreadyhitourfirstDisneyreference.WaltDisneyhasmanygreatquotes.OnethatIlove

is:“Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit.“Alotofmycynicalfriendssay,ya-di-ya-di-ya...to

whichIsay:Shutup.InspirationisimportantandItellyouthismuch,Idon'tknowifWalt

wasrightbutItellyouthismuch:Ifyourefusetoallowyourselftodreamit,Iknowyou

won'tdoit.Sothepowerofdreamsarethattheygiveusawaytotakethefirststep

towardsanaccomplishment.

也別忘記了靈感的力量.我上次的講座中已經(jīng)談到迪斯尼了.沃爾特.迪斯尼講過許多偉大的

名言.我喜歡的其中之一是:“有夢想,就能行動.”我的許多犬儒主義的朋友說這說那,對這些

人,我只會說,閉嘴.靈感非常重要,這點我已經(jīng)跟你們講了好多遍了.我并不知道沃爾特說的

是否正確,但是我想對你說,如果你都不讓自己去夢想,那么我知道你肯定不會去做.夢想的力

量就在于它讓我們朝著它邁出通向成就的第一步.

Waltwasalsonotjustadreamer.Waltworkedreallyhard.Disneyland-thisamazesme

becauseIknowalittlebitabouthowharditistoputthemeparkattractionstogether,and

theydidthewholeoriginalDisneylandparkin366days.That'sfromthefirstshovelfullof

dirttothefirstpaidadmission.Thinkabouthowlongittakestodosomething,say,ata

stateuniversity.Bycomparison!It'sfascinating.WhensomeoneonceaskedWaltDisney,

“Howdidyougetitdonein366days?“,hejustdeadpanned:“Weusedeveryoneofthem.“

8

Soagain,therearenoshortcuts,there'salotofhardworkinanythingyouwantto

accomplish.

沃爾特不只是個夢想家.他工作也很勤奮.迪斯尼樂園讓我很驚訝,我大概了解,要將這些主題

公園的魅力整合在一起有多么困難!可從第一鍬土到第一張門票,第一家迪斯尼樂園只用了

366天就建好了.隨便想想,比如在某個州立大學(xué)里要干點事要花掉多少時間吧.對比下!太牛

了!有人問迪斯尼,“你是怎樣在366天內(nèi)就把它蓋好的?”他只是平淡地回答說,“我們?nèi)毡M其

用.”再說一遍,沒有捷徑可言,無論想成就什么事,都要下很多苦功夫.

Planningisveryimportant,oneofthetimemanagementclichésis:Failingtoplanis

planningtofail.Planninghastobedoneatmultiplelevels.Ihaveaplaneverymorning

whenIwakeupandIsay,whatdoIneedtogetdonetoday,whatdoIneedtogetdone

thisweek,whatdoIneedtogetdoneeachsemester,that'ssortofthetimequanta

becauseI'manacademic.Thatdoesn'tmeanyou'relockedintoit!Peoplesay:“Yeah,but

thingsaresofluid!I'mgoingtohavetochangetheplan!“AndI'mlike,“Yes!Youaregoing

tohavetochangetheplan.Butyoucan'tchangeit,unlessyouhaveit!“Andtheexcuseof,

I'mnotgoingtomakeaplanbecausethingsmightchangeisjustthisparalysisof:Idon't

haveanymarchingorders.Sohaveaplan,acknowledgethatyou'regoingtochangeitbut

haveitsoyouhavethebasistostartwith.

做計劃非常重要,關(guān)于時間管理,非常經(jīng)典的一句話就是,不去做計劃就是計劃去失敗.計劃

有好幾個層次.每天早晨醒來我都會做計劃,今天我打算完成什么,這一周我打算完成什么,這

學(xué)期我打算完成什么,我以這樣的層次來安排是因為我是個學(xué)者.這因人而異!人們可能會說:

“你說的沒錯,可事情瞬息萬變,我也要隨之改變計劃.”我說:“的確,你是得去改變你的計劃,

但你至少得有個計劃,才能談得上去改變.”因為事情多變而不去做計劃,這樣的借口就像

“我沒有行動指令”一樣.要去做計劃,盡管你可能要對其做出調(diào)整,但至少得有了計劃你才

能開始.

ToDolists.Howmanypeoplehere,ifIsaid,canyouproduceit,couldshowmetheirTo

Dolist?-Okay,notbad.ThekeythingwithToDolistsisyouhavetobreakthingsdown

intosmallsteps.IliterallyonceonmyToDolist,whenIwasajuniorfacultymemberatthe

UniversityofVirginia,Iput:“Gettenure.“Thatwasnaive!IlookedatthatforawhileandI

said:Oh,that'sreallyhard.Idon'tthinkIcandothat.Mychildren,DylanandLoganand

Chloe,particularlyDylan,isattheagewherehecancleanhisownroom,thankyouvery

much.Buthedoesn'tliketo,andChrisissmilingbecauseIusedtodothisstoryonhim

butnowI'vegotmyownkidstopickon.Dylanwillcometomeandsay:“Ican'tpickupmy

room,it'stoomuchstuff!“[sighsexaggeratedly]He'snotevenateenagerandhe'salready

gotthatmove!AndIsay:“Well,canyoumakeyourbed?“-“Yeah,Icandothat.““Okay,

canyouputalltheclothesinthehamper?“-“Yeah,Icandothat.“Andyoudothreeorfour

things,