新視野第三版第一冊講稿1-6單元

IV(para.9,conclusion)Assignments:Exercise6onpage156BankedCloze.Translation.Unit6TextBReadingskills:understandingsignalwordsNewwords1.soar:vi.1)increasequicklytoahighlevel猛增；驟升Thepricesofhouseshavebeensoaringinrecentyears.房子的價格近幾年一直在飛漲。2)risequicklyintotheair急速升高Jumpingoffthespringboard,hesoaredthreemetersupintotheairbeforecomingdownagain.他從跳板上跳起來，一下子竄到空中三米高處，然后才落下來。2.vigorous:a.1)fullofenergy,enthusiasm,ordetermination體力旺盛的；熱情滿懷的；強有力的；堅決的Youshoulddoacombinationofmoderateandvigorousexercise.你應(yīng)該進行中、高強度相結(jié)合的鍛煉。2)strong,active,andhealthy強壯的；積極的；健壯的Cuttingthebushintheautumnwillhelppromotevigorousgrowthinthespring.秋天修剪灌木會促進它們在春天茁壯成長。3..illustrate:vt.1)beanexamplewhichshowsthatsth.istrueorthatafactexists（作為例證）說明（事實）Thesepicturesillustratehowrocksareformed.這些照片說明了巖石是如何形成的。2)showsth.byusingpictures,diagrams,listsofnumbers,etc.（用圖片、圖表、數(shù)字等）說明，闡明Theauthorgivesussomediagramstoillustratetheproductionprocess.作者提供了一些圖表來說明生產(chǎn)過程。4.Exhaust:vt.1)useallofsth.用完；耗盡Theexpeditionsoonexhausteditssuppliesandasmallgroupwassenttosearchforfood.探險隊很快就耗盡了供給，于是就派了一小隊人去尋找食物。Weareindangerofexhaustingtheworld’soilsupply.我們正處在耗盡石油供應(yīng)的危險之中。2)makesb.feelextremelytired使筋疲力盡Caringforyoungchildrencanexhaustyouphysicallyandmentally.照顧小孩子會讓你感到身心疲憊。5.abuse:n.[C,U]theuseofsth.inawaythatitshouldnotbeused濫用Drugtraffickinganddrugabusearetrulythecausesofmanycrimes.販毒和吸食毒品實際上是眾多犯罪事件的根源所在。Vt.deliberatelyusesth.forthewrongpurposeorforyourownadvantage濫用；妄用Thesepowers,ifabused,couldturnhimintoadictator.這些權(quán)力一旦被濫用就會使他變成一個獨裁者。6.relieve：vt.1）makeaproblemlessdifficultorserious減輕，緩和，緩解（問題的難度或嚴重性）Thegovernmenthasagreedtoprovide$10millionoffoodaidtohelprelievethefamine.政府已同意提供一千萬美元的食品救助，用以緩解饑荒。2reducesb’spainorunpleasantfeelings減輕，緩和，緩解（疼痛或不快的感覺）Jerrywasseriouslyillandhewasgivenashottorelievethepain.杰里病得很重。他打了一針以減輕疼痛。7.convince:vt.makesb.feelcertainthatsth.istrue使確信；使信服Theyarguedheatedly,butneithercouldconvincetheother.他們爭論得很激烈,但是誰也說服不了誰。Hersmileconvincedhimthatshewashappy.她的微笑使他確信她是快樂的。Convinced:a.(notbeforenoun)feelingcertainthatsth.istrue確信的；信服的Weareconvincedthatthesedifferencescanbeovercomesoonerorlater.我們相信這些分歧遲早會消除的。8.concede:v.admitthatsth.istrueorcorrect,althoughyouwishitwerenottrue（不得不）承認Thegovernmenthasconcededthatthenewtaxpolicywasafailure.政府已經(jīng)承認新的稅收政策是失敗之舉。Phrasesandexpressions●beinthe/aminorityformlessthanhalfofagroup占少數(shù)Theirpartyisonlyintheminorityonthelocalcouncil.在地方議會里他們的政黨只占少數(shù)?！馻sfor:usedforintroducingasubjectthatisrelatedtowhatyouhavejustbeentalkingabout關(guān)于；至于Asforsalary,someworkerscouldbelookingat$100,000ormoreayear.至于工資，有些工人期望年薪10萬美元或更多。KittyisgoingtoCanadaforthewintervacation.Asforme,Idon’thaveaplanyet.基蒂寒假要去加拿大。至于我嘛，還沒什么計劃。●amatterof(doing)sth.:beaquestionof關(guān)乎…的事情Reducingcheatingoncampusisnotjustamatterofgivingseverepunishments.要減少校園作弊現(xiàn)象不單是給予嚴厲懲罰的問題?！駆ookback:thinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast回憶起；回顧IalwayslookbackonthosehappydaysIspentatcollege.我總是回憶起在大學里度過的那些快樂的日子。●beenviousof:bewantingsth.thatsb.elsehas妒忌的；羨慕的Herepeatedlytoldhissonnottobeenviousofothers’goodfortune.他反復(fù)跟兒子說，不要羨慕別人的好運氣。●relievesb.ofsth.:lessenDoingyogadailywillrelieveyouofstresswithouttakingmedication.每天做瑜伽可以使你不借助藥物而消除緊張。Unit7HopingforthebetterNolegacyissorichashonesty.WilliamShakespeareHonestyisthefirstchapterofthebookofwisdom.—ThomasJefferson

Ifyoutellthetruthyoudon’thavetorememberanything.MarkTwainTextAWhendishonestydisappearsObjectives:TodiscusssomesocialphenomenonaboutdishonestyTofurtherunderstandthetext

ToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheparagraphwritingskillI.Warming-up1.Whatdoeseachpicturedepict?OfficialcorruptionGutteroilFakefoodOfficialcorruptionGutteroilFakefoodAcademiccheatingAcademiccheating2.Whatisthecommonproblemthesepicturesexpose?●Somegoodvirtuesarevanishing.●Honestyisnotvaluedasmuchasbefore.●Honestydisappears.●People’smoralityisdeclining.II.Pre-readingActivityWhatwouldyoudoifyoudon’twanttogotoafriend’spartywhichyou’vebeeninvitedto?●Definitelydeclinetheinvitation;●Createanexcuse;●Don’tappearrude.2.Whatwouldyoudoifthecashieratthesupermarketforgetstochargeyouforoneitem?●Pointouthisorhermistake;●Tellthecashierthatoneitemhadnotbeencharged;●Iwouldn’tfeelcomfortabletogainthispettyadvantage.III.CulturalbackgroundWhatdoyouknowaboutAbrahamLincoln?The16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1861-1865);leadthecountrythroughtheAmericanCivilWar;preservetheUnion;theemancipationoftheslaves;theGettysburgAddress(November19,1863)What’sLincolnbestknownfor?IssuingTheEmancipationProclamationandthe13thamendmenttotheAmericanconstitution;Abolishingtheslaverysystem.WhatdoAmericanpeoplethinkofthepresident?OneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents;haveuniqueappealforhisfellowcountrymen.IV.Newwords1.fraudn.[C,U]thecrimeofdeceivingpeopleinordertogainsth.suchasmoneyorgoods欺詐；詐騙e.g.Theysaidthatitwasthetemptationofmoneythatledthemtocommitthefraud.他們說正是受到金錢的誘惑他們才去行騙的。Hehasbeenchargedwithtaxfraud/creditcardfraud.他被控逃稅/信用卡詐騙。2.corruptionn.[U]dishonest,illegal,orimmoralbehavior,esp.fromsb.withpower（尤指有權(quán)勢者的）貪污，賄賂，受賄，腐敗e.g.Wethinkallgovernmentsshouldservetheirpeopleandseektoendcorruption.我們認為所有的政府都應(yīng)該服務(wù)于人民，并且力求消除腐敗。3.expelvt.officiallyforcesb.toleaveaplaceororganizationbecauseoftheirbadbehavior強迫（某人）離開；驅(qū)逐；開除e.g.Twoseniorstudentshavebeenexpelledforcheatingonthefinalexam.兩名大四學生因為在期末考試時作弊而被學校開除。EightOlympicathleteswereexpelledfordrug-taking.八名奧運會運動員因服用禁藥被取消了比賽資格。4.purchasen.[C,U](fml.)sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit購買（的東西）e.g.Advertisersneedtolearnwhatwillmotivatepeopletomakeapurchase.廣告商需要了解什么會刺激人們買東西。Whatisthepurchasepriceofthehouse?這所房子的購買價是多少？vt.(fml.)buysth.購買e.g.ThemuseumistryingtoraiseenoughmoneytopurchaseapaintingbyVanGogh.這家博物館正努力籌集資金去購買梵?高的一幅畫。5.exemplifyvt.1)beatypicalexampleofsth.作為…的范例；當作…的典型e.g.MarkTwain’snovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyerexemplifies19th-centurylifeintheUnitedStates.馬克?吐溫的小說《湯姆?索亞歷險記》體現(xiàn)了19世紀美國的生活。Theroom’sstyleexemplifiesheridealof“beautyandpracticality”.這個房間的風格是體現(xiàn)她“美觀且實用”理念的典范。2)giveanexampleofsth.舉例說明Iwillexemplifymypointwithastory.我將用一個故事來說明我的觀點。6.briben.[C]moneyoragiftthatyouillegallygivesb.topersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂e.g.Itwassaidthathealwaysrefusedtotakebribeswhileinoffice.據(jù)說他在執(zhí)政時一直拒絕受賄。vt.illegallygivesb.,esp.apublicofficial,moneyoragiftinordertopersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂；收買e.g.Hewasbribedintogivingsecretinformationofhiscompanytoanothercompany.他被收買而把公司的機密泄露給了另一家公司。Itriedtobribemybrotherintogoingawayfortheafternoonbyofferinghimtheuseofmycar.我試圖以把車給弟弟用的名義來收買他，讓他下午離開。7.accuratea.correctandtrueineverydetail正確的；準確的e.g.Accuraterecordsaboutthisaccidentmustbekeptforfurtherinvestigation.必須準確記錄這次事故，以便以后進行進一步調(diào)查。Theywereaccurateintheirpredictionthathewouldacceptourinvitation.他們的預(yù)料真準，他接受了我們的邀請。8.exaggeratev.makesth.seembetter,larger,worse,etc.thanitreallyis夸大；夸張；言過其實e.g.Shellyadmittedthatshedidsometimesexaggeratethedifficultyofherjob.謝莉承認，她有時候確實夸大了自己的工作難度。Don’texaggerate.Iwasonlytwominuteslate,nottwenty.不要夸張，我只是遲到了兩分鐘，不是二十分鐘。9.facilitatevt.(fml.)makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen促進；使便利ThedevelopmentoftheInternetgreatlyfacilitatespeople’scommunication.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展大大方便了人們之間的交流。Iwonderedwhatkindofteachingmethodwouldfacilitatelearningbetter.我想知道哪種教學方法能更好地促進學習。10.frustratevt.makesb.feelannoyedandimpatientbypreventingthemfromdoingorgettingsth.阻撓；使煩惱；使灰心Ifyougiveachildamathproblemthatishardtosolve,youmayfrustratehim.如果你讓一個孩子做太難的數(shù)學題，你會使他氣餒的。frustrationn.[C,U]thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upset,orimpatient,becauseyoucannotcontrolorchangeasituation,orachievesth.懊喪；懊惱；沮喪Iwasclosetotearswithfrustration,butIheldback.我沮喪得快要哭出來，但我忍住了。11.ultimatea.(onlybeforenoun)1)better,bigger,worse,etc.thanallotherthingsorpeopleofthesamekind最出色的；最大的；最糟糕的e.g.Inthewar,hegavehislifeandtherebypaidtheultimateprice.他在戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲了，因此付出了最大的代價。2)sb.’sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheyhopetoachieveinthefuture（目標等）最終的，首要的e.g.Hisultimategoalatthemomentistogoandstudyoutofthecountry.現(xiàn)在他的首要目標是去國外讀書。3)happeningattheendofaprocessoractivity最終的；最后的e.g.Theultimateoutcomeoftheexperimentcannotbepredicted.實驗的最后結(jié)果無法預(yù)測。15.fakevt.makesth.seemrealinordertodeceivepeople仿造；偽造e.g.Thecriminalfakedanidentitycardtoavoidinvestigation,buthewascaughteventually.這名罪犯偽造了一個假身份證來逃避調(diào)查，但他最終還是被抓住了。n.[C]acopyofavaluableobject,painting,etc.thatisintendedtodeceivepeople贗品；假貨e.g.Thepaintingheboughtonlinewasprovedtobeafake.他在網(wǎng)上買的這幅畫被證實是贗品。a.(usu.beforenoun)madetolooklikearealmaterialorobjectinordertodeceivepeople偽造的；冒充的e.g.Thebankusesspecialmachinestodetectfakemoney.銀行用特殊的機器來識別假鈔。16.consciousa.1)thinkingalotaboutorconcernedaboutsth.關(guān)注的；有意識的；注重的e.g.Shewasveryconsciousofsecurity.她非常注重安全。2)(notbeforenoun)noticingorrealizingsth.注意到的；意識到的e.g.Whetherweareconsciousofitornot,ourbodylanguagetellswhatwereallyfeel.不管我們是否意識到了這一點，我們的肢體語言傳達了我們的真正感受。3)awakeandabletounderstandwhatishappeningaroundyou清醒的；有知覺的；神志清醒的e.g.WhenIfirstwokeupandbecameconsciousagain,Ididn’trememberanythingabouttheaccident.當我剛醒過來、恢復(fù)意識的時候，我一點也不記得那場事故了。17.launchvt.1)startsth.,usu.sth.bigorimportant發(fā)動；發(fā)起；開始進行e.g.Thecompanydecidedtolaunchanewadvertisementcampaigntoincreasethesales.公司決定開展新的廣告宣傳活動來提高銷售額。2)makeanewproduct,book,etc.availableforsaleforthefirsttime把（新產(chǎn)品、新書等）投放市場；出版；發(fā)行e.g.ThecompanyannounceditwilllaunchanewversionofitssoftwareinJanuary.該公司宣布將在1月份將其新版軟件投放市場。3)sendaweaponorspacecraftintotheskyorintospace發(fā)射（武器或宇宙飛船）e.g.Wehavesucceededinlaunchingseveralcommunicationssatellites.我們已經(jīng)成功發(fā)射了幾顆通信衛(wèi)星。18.eliminatevt.1)getridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneeded消除；剔除；根除e.g.Wearetakingallmeasureswithinourpowertoeliminateviolence.我們正在采取我們力所能及的一切措施來消除暴力。Youhavetoeliminateallmistakesfromtheessaybeforeyouhanditin.在把論文交上去之前，你必須把所有的錯誤都改掉。2)(usu.passive)removesb.fromacompetitionorelection（在比賽或競選中）淘汰e.g.Iwaseliminatedfromthe400metersinthesemifinal.我在400米半決賽中被淘汰。19.attachvt.fastenorconnectoneobjecttoanother系；綁；貼；固定；連接；附上e.g.I’llattachacopyofthedocumentforyourreference.我會附上一份文件供你參考。Theworkersattheairportattachlabelstothepassengers’luggage.機場工作人員把標簽貼在乘客的行李上。attacheda.joinedorfixedtosth.連接的；附加的e.g.Toapplyforthisposition,pleasecompletetheattachedform.要申請這個職位，請?zhí)顚懜綆У谋砀瘛?0.confrontvt.1)accusesb.ofdoingsth.,esp.byshowingthemtheproof對質(zhì)；當面對證e.g.Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.我當面向他提出自己的懷疑，他承認了一切。2)facesb.sothattheycannotavoidseeingandhearingyou,esp.inanunfriendlyordangeroussituation面對；對抗；與（某人）對峙e.g.Openingthedoor,hefoundhimselfconfrontedbyadozenpolicemenwithguns.當他打開門時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)十幾名警察正拿著槍對著他。3)dealwithadifficultsituation正視；處理；面對e.g.Theteacherishelpingthestudentsconfronttheirproblemsinthecourseofstudy.老師正在幫學生解決他們在學習過程中所遇到的問題。21.applaudvt.(fml.)expressstrongapprovalofanidea,plan,etc.稱贊；贊許e.g.Weallapplaudtheauthority’sdecisiontomovethechemicalfactorytothesuburbs.我們都贊同當局把化工廠搬到郊區(qū)的決定。v.hityouropenhandstogether,toshowthatyouhaveenjoyedaplay,concert,speaker,etc.（為…）鼓掌e.g.Thepresidentwasapplaudedrepeatedlyduringhis40-minutespeech.在總統(tǒng)40分鐘的演講過程中掌聲不斷。22.absolutea.1)true,correct,andnotchanginginanysituation絕對的；不會改變的e.g.Youhaveabsoluterighttorefusetocommentonthisissue.你有拒絕對此事發(fā)表看法的絕對權(quán)利。Hetaughtusthatthelawsofphysicswereabsolute.他教導(dǎo)我們說，物理定律是不會改變的。2)completeortotal完全的；純粹的e.g.Ihaveabsoluteconfidenceinmyself,forI’vebeenworkingreallyhard.我對自己完全有信心，因為我一直非常努力。Whathesaidwasabsolutenonsense.他所說的簡直就是廢話。3(onlybeforenoun)(esp.BrE)usedtoemphasizeyouropinionaboutsth.orsb.十足的；絕對的e.g.Howdidyoudothat?Youareanabsolutegenius!你是怎么做到的？你簡直就是個天才！23.descendv.(fml.)movefromahigherleveltoalowerone下來；下降；走下e.g.TheplanetookoffinShanghai;twohourslater,itstartedtodescendinXi’an.飛機從上海起飛，兩個小時后開始在西安降落。descendinto:ifasituationdescendsintoacertainbadstate,itbecomesbad陷入…狀況e.g.Agovernmentthatrepresentsthewillofthepeoplewillnotletthecountrydescendintochaos.一個代表民意的政府不會讓國家陷入無序狀態(tài)。24.affirmativea.1)(fml.)positive積極的；樂觀的e.g.Thelocalgovernmenthasadoptedanaffirmativeapproachtotheracialproblem.當?shù)卣呀?jīng)采取積極的方法來解決種族問題。2)showingthatyoumean“yes”肯定的e.g.WhenIaskedhimwhetherhewouldcometomybirthdayparty,hegavemeanaffirmativereply.我問他是否來參加我的生日派對時，他給了我肯定的答復(fù)。V.Phrasesandexpressions1.nottomentionsth.:usedtointroduceanadditionalthingthatmakesasituationevenmoredifficult,surprising,interesting,etc.更不用說某事了e.g.HeownsalotofpropertyinNewYork,nottomentionseveralluxuriouscars.他在紐約有很多財產(chǎn)，更不必說擁有好幾輛豪車了。2.ripoff(infml.)1)stealsth.盜竊e.g.Hewalkedintothestoreandrippedoffapairofgloves.他走進商店，偷了一副手套。2)chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.敲…的竹杠e.g.Touristsareworriedt