Unit4GrowingupGrammarTask知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解牛津譯林版英語九年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Unit4GrowingupGrammar—Task知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解Grammar1.時(shí)間狀語從句連詞例句說明whenWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.when指的是“某一具體的時(shí)間”,引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)詞既可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。while①Whileitwasraining,theywentout.②Istayedwhilehewasaway.③Allofusareworkinghardwhileheissleeping.①while指“在某一段時(shí)間里”，“在…期間”，有時(shí)表示主從句的輕微轉(zhuǎn)折，譯為：“然而”②while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，表示的一種狀態(tài)。as①Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.②Astimegoesby,IlikeChinabetter.①as（譯為“一邊……一邊”）引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；②as譯為“隨著……”before①IfinishedmytaskbeforeIwenthome.②Beapupilbeforeyoubeeateacher.在….以前afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.after“在…之后”till/until①Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.②Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.③Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.=1\*GB3①如主句動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…為止”；=2\*GB3②not…until…表示“直到…才…”。主句通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until可用before替換。Hedidn’tleaveuntil/beforeIcameback.有時(shí)可用never,nothing代替not.③如果從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，一般用until,不用till.sinceGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.主句動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性的，從句動(dòng)詞為瞬間的。①如果狀語從句在主句之前時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開；②如果從句在主句之后則不必用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。assoonas=1\*GB3①AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.②MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.③I'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua.assoonas表示主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后，意為“一…就…”。如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形或祈使句時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句一般也用一般過去時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)言之：主將從現(xiàn)；主過從過whenever=1\*GB3①Wheneverheseesthebook,hewillthinkofthegoodmemory.whenever=nomatterwhen無論何時(shí)【舉一反三】1.Mr.Smith,pleaseteachmehowtodrawontheputertoday.Oh,no._____.Youhavetogetfamiliarwiththekeyboardfirst.A.It’snevertoooldtolearn B.ThinktwicebeforeyoudoC.Don’tbeawetblanket D.Learntowalkbeforeyourun2.—Whenwillshegohome?—She______home___shefinishesherhomework.A.won’tgo;before,B.goes;beforeC.won’tgo;untilD.go;after3.Couldyoutellme_______?Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwillcallyou______.A.whenyourbrotheresback；whenhewillebackB.whenyourbrotherwilleback；whenheesbackC.whenyourbrotheresback；whenheesbackD.whenyourbrotherwilleback；whenhewilleback4.Whatwereyouandyourparentsdoing_______itbegantorainlastnight?Iwasdoingmyhomework________myparentswerewatchingTV.A.when；whenB.while；whileC.when；whileD.while；when5.Shedidn’tgotowork______thatmorning.Sheslept______noon.A./…till B.on…till C.at…at D./…at6.—_______willthemeetingbetweenthetwoNationalleaderslast?—_______theyreachanagreement.A.When,Until B.When,NotuntilC.Howlong,Until D.Howlong,Notuntil7.TheGreenshave_____theflatinthecentreofcity_______fiveyearsago.A.bought;since B.bought;for C.had;since D.had;for8.Hecalledme__________hestarted.And__________hearrives,I’llmeethimattheairport.A.after;because B.before;assoonasC.while;when D.until;assoonas2.Thebestmomentishiscareerwasin2004—hescored41pointsinagameagainsttheAtlantaHawks.他職業(yè)生涯最好的時(shí)刻是2004年，他在對(duì)陣亞特蘭大老鷹隊(duì)的比賽中得了41分。against作介詞，意為“對(duì)抗;與...相反;違反”,其反義詞為for,意為“支持;擁護(hù)”。Weareplayingagainsttheleaguechampionsnextweek.Areyoufororagainsttheproposal?【拓展】against的其他常見用法“對(duì)...不利”Theevidenceisagainsthim.“緊靠;倚;碰;撞”Putthepianothere,againstthewall.“以防”Theytookactionsagainstfire.【舉一反三】Whenyouvisitamuseum,someinstructionsshould______andwe’dbetternot______them.A.payattentionto;beagainstB.bepaidattention;againstC.bepaidattentionto;againstD.bepaidattentionto;beagainst3.Theycanbeplacedatthebeginningorinthemiddleofsentences.它們可以放在句子的開頭或中間。atthebeginningof“在…開頭/開端”attheendof“在…末尾/盡頭”Atthebeginningof1975hecamebacktoChina.4.Beforeandaftercanalsobeusedasprepositionsoftime.Before和after也可用作時(shí)間介詞。beusedas“被用作”Englishisusedasaveryusefulworkinglanguage.【拓展】常見的used短語beusedtodosth.被用來做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用來做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事5.WhenYaoMingwaslivingintheUSA,hereturnedtoChinawheneverhewasneeded.當(dāng)姚明在美國(guó)生活的時(shí)候，只要有需要，他就會(huì)回到中國(guó)。return作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“回歸、返回”，相當(dāng)于go/eback。returnto+地點(diǎn)，意為“返回某地”。Ireturnedtomyschoolyesterday.AnnwillvisityouwhenshereturnstoLondon.【拓展】return作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“歸還”，相當(dāng)于giveback。YoushouldreturnthepianotoDickontime.Integratedskills1.WorldWarⅡbrokeoutinEuropein1939andendedin1945.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)于1939年在歐洲爆發(fā),于1945年結(jié)束。breakout爆發(fā)（多指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、打斗等不愉快事件突然發(fā)生）Firebrokeoutduringthenight.【拓展】含break的其他常見短語:breakup粉碎;結(jié)束;解散breakdown壞掉,出故障;使分解breakoff中斷、停止、折斷breakinto強(qiáng)行闖;撬開(汽車等)breakin打斷他人說話【舉一反三】Aquarrel________betweenthecouple,whichmadetheirsonbreakawayfromthefamily.A.brokeinto B.brokeup C.brokedown D.brokeout2.Lifechangedforeverybody,includingwomenandchildrenbecauseofthewar.因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),每個(gè)人的生活都發(fā)生了改變，包括婦女和兒童。including作介詞，意為“包括...在內(nèi)”，其后常接名詞或代詞。ManytouristsincludingforeignersliketobuyChineseknotsasgiftsduringtheirtrips.include作動(dòng)詞，意為“包括;包含”。Ourplanincludesmostofyoursuggestions.3.Itwasarecordofthattime,andithasalsobeeasymbolofthevictoryofthehumanspirit.它記錄了那個(gè)時(shí)代,也成為人類精神勝利的一個(gè)象征。record作名詞，意為“記錄”。hold/keeparecord保持紀(jì)錄breakarecord打破紀(jì)錄symbol作名詞，意為“象征”。asymbolof…的象征、…的標(biāo)志TheGreatWallisthesymbolofChina.4.Anneandhereldersisterdiedofillness安妮和她的姐姐死于疾病。dieof/from死于【辨析】dieof與diefromdieof強(qiáng)調(diào)死于內(nèi)因,主要指饑餓、年老等原因。diefrom強(qiáng)調(diào)死于外因,主要指地震、交通等原因。Shediedofaheartattack.Hediedfromatrafficaccident.【拓展】dieout滅絕;消失diedown逐漸變?nèi)?逐漸平息illness作名詞，意為“疾病、身體不適”。Somechildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseofillness.【舉一反三】Millionsofpeople________cancerfromallovertheworldeveryyearandmoreandmorepeople_______caraccidentsbecauseoftheheavytraffic.A.diefrom;dieof B.dieout;diefrom C.dieof;diefrom D.dieupon;dieof5.Herfatherhadherdiarypublished.她的父親將她的日記出版。havesth.done“讓/使某事被做”,表示“讓(他人)為你做(某事)”,相當(dāng)于get/makesth.done。過去分詞表示被動(dòng),與sth.構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.Shehadherbagstolen.【拓展】①havesth.todo有某事要做Ihaveanimportanttasktofinish.②havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事，相當(dāng)于getsb.todosth.。IhadMarycleanmybedroomyesterday.【舉一反三】—Whenareyougoingtohaveyourwatch_________?—IamgoingtohaveMs.Li_________mywatchthisweekend.A．fixed;fix B．fixed;fixed C．fixing;tofix D．tofix;fixed6.BecausetheGermanNazishatedtheJewsandwantedtokillthem...因?yàn)榈聡?guó)納粹分子憎恨猶太人,并想殺害他們...Germanadj.德國(guó)(人)的;德語的n.德語n.德國(guó)人復(fù)數(shù)形式:GermansGermanyn.德國(guó)7.Duringthatdifficulttime,AnnekeptwritinginherdiaryuntiltheywerediscoveredbytheNazisinAugust1944.在那段艱難的時(shí)期,安妮一直堅(jiān)持寫日記直到他們?cè)?944年8月被納粹分子發(fā)現(xiàn)。keep(on)doingsth.繼續(xù)/重復(fù)做某事Aftershereturnedhome,shekeptthinkingaboutwhattodotohelpthosekids.Keeponpracticingandyou’llmakeprogress.【拓展】keepsb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事（from不能省略）Ikeepthemwaitingatthegate.Theheavyrainkeptthemfromgoingout.8.Inherdiary,Annewrotedownherthoughts.在日記里,安妮寫下了她的想法。thought作名詞，意為“想法，看法，主意”。復(fù)數(shù)形式為thoughtsIt'saninterestingthought.這個(gè)想法很有趣【拓展】thoughtfuladj.深思的;體貼的Mymotherisaverythoughtfulwoman.thinkv.認(rèn)為,想，過去式和過去分詞均為thought。9.ThebookASmallFreeKissintheDarkisalsoaboutayounghomelessboyandhowhesurvivedthewarwithhisfriends.《黑暗中的輕輕一吻》這本書也講述了一個(gè)無家可歸的男孩以及他是如何跟朋友在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中幸存下來的。survive作動(dòng)詞，意為“幸存，生存”，它的名詞形式是，意為“幸存，幸存物”，“幸存者”是。Withhishardwork,moreandmoretreeshavesurvived.10.Iadmirethesechildrenfortheircourage.我欽佩這些孩子的勇氣。admire作動(dòng)詞，意為“欽佩，羨慕”。admiresb./sth.欽佩某人/某事admiresb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而欽佩某人ManyteenagersadmirethescientistslikeYuanLongping.Iadmireyouforyoursuccessinbusiness.courage作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“勇氣”。have/losethecouragetodosth.有/失去勇氣做某事havenocouragetodosth.沒有勇氣做某事takecourage鼓起勇氣GraduallyIhavethecouragetospeakoutaboutanything.Takecourage,andIwillacpanyyou!11.However,it’sapitythattheycouldn'tenjoyahappylifejustaswedo.然而很遺憾他們不能像我們一樣享受幸福生活。Itisapitythat...很遺憾....Whatapity!多么遺憾啊!12.Althoughweliveinpeace,somechildreninotherpartsoftheworldstillliveinfearoftheirlives.盡管我們生活在和平年代,然而世界上其他地方的一些孩子仍然過著為生命安全而擔(dān)憂的生活。fear作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“害怕;擔(dān)憂”.infearof...為...擔(dān)憂LittleSimbawenthuntingalone.TheLionKingwalkedaround,infearofhissafety.Wewalkedquietly,infearofbeingdiscovered.13.TheDiaryofaYoungGirlwaswrittenbyagirlnamedAnneFrank.《一個(gè)年輕女孩的日記》是一個(gè)名叫安妮·弗蘭克的女孩寫的。named此處為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，意為“被稱為、被叫作”，與called同義。Thisisabooknamed/calledJourneytotheWest.TheGreenshaveadaughternamed/calledKate.Studyskills1.Inthisbook,Anne,aJewishgirl,describesherboredomwithbeingawayfromtheoutsideworld,heunhappinesswithlivinginasmallplaceallyear,andherfearofdiscoveryanddeath.在這本書中，安妮，一個(gè)猶太女孩，描述了她遠(yuǎn)離外面世界的無聊，他在一個(gè)小地方住了一年的不快樂，她害怕被發(fā)現(xiàn)和死亡。describe作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“描述”，名詞形式為description。Pleasedescribethebookyouarereading.death作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“死亡”，動(dòng)詞是die，形容詞是dead。Thesuddendeathofhismothermadehimverysad.【舉一反三】1.Tooursadness,anoldman________inawoodenhouse.Nobodyknewwhenhe________.ButwhenIthoughtofhis________,Ialwaysfeelpity.A.wasfounddead;died;death B.hasdead;died;deathC.wasfounddead;death;dying D.hasbeendead;dying;died2.abookwhichsellswell賣得很好的一本書sellwell暢銷，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。Hisshoesbecamepopularandsoldwell.【拓展】sellout賣光常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為besoldout。Allthebluedressesintheshophavebeensoldout.Task1.Myfatherisinhisfifties.我爸爸五十多歲?！癷none’s+整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人...歲時(shí)”inone’stwenties/thirties/forties在某人二十幾歲/三十幾歲/四十幾歲時(shí)”YuanLongping,theFatherofHybridRicestillworkedinhisnineties.【拓展】“inthe+整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某個(gè)年代”intheseventies/eighties/nineties在七十/八十/九十年代2.Youwillnotfindanythingunusualabouthimuntilyoulearnmore。直到你更多地了解他你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他的不尋常之處。unusual作形容詞，意為“不尋常的“，反義詞是，意為“通常的,尋常的”?！緲?gòu)詞法】在部分形容詞前加un;dis;im;in;ir等前綴,構(gòu)成對(duì)應(yīng)的反義詞●un:unable,unhappy,unimportant等●dis:dishonest●im:impossible,impolite,