廣西德保縣2016高考英語二輪復習 閱讀理解精練

./廣西德?？h2016高考英語二輪閱讀理解精練〔1科普知識型閱讀理解<一>ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees<黑猩猩>appeartotreatsticksasdolls,carryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown.Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently.ThenewworkbySonyaM．KahlenbergandRichardW．Wrangham,describedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiology,providesthefirstevidenceofawildnon-humanspeciesplayingwithdolls,aswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal’schoiceofplaythings.Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehave,ratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks.Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject—carryingbyearlierapes<猿類>,theysay,suggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization."Inhumans,thereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren’stoyplay,andtheseareremarkablysimilaracrosscultures,"saysKahlenberg."Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanation,ourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences."In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUganda,KahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstick-carrying.Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick."Wehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyears,andbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedolls,wewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdolls,"saysWrangham,aProfessoratHarvard."Ifthedollhypothesis<假設(shè)>wasright,wethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdo,andthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingstickswhentheyhadtheirfirstchild.Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints."<>1.Whatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticks?A．Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith.B．Shetreatsthemasdolls.C．Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem.D．Shetreatsthemasweapons.<>2.Whatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzees,accordingtothepassage?A．Sexdifference.B．Socialization.C．Environment.D．Culturaldifference.<>3.Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat________.A．socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman’schoiceofplaythingsB．sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman’schoiceofplaythingsC．thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoiceD．peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures<>4.Wranghamprobablybelievesthat________.A．observingsomanychimpanzeeshasbeenenoughforthemtomakeaconclusionB．thestudyproveshumanbeingshaveevolved<進化>fromchimpanzeesC．a(chǎn)llchimpanzeestreatthesticksasdollsD．childrenplayingwithsticksareabnormal<>5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A．bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifferenceB．differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythingsC．onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythingsD．chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildren[解析]本文是科普文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雌性黑猩猩喜歡把棍子當作自己的玩具娃娃。1．B細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段可知,雌性黑猩猩把棍子當作自己的玩具娃娃。2．A細節(jié)理解題。綜合分析文章可知,性別差異是導致黑猩猩玩具選擇差異的主要原因。3．C推理判斷題。從第四段可知,這兩位科學家的研究表明生物學因素也可能影響對玩具的偏好。4．A推理判斷題。從第五段最后一句可知答案。5．A推理判斷題。綜合文章信息可知,無論是人類還是黑猩猩,性別是導致玩具選擇差異的重要原因。科普知識型閱讀理解<二>Wehavemettheenemy,andheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwest,it’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings."Mostoftheinfections<感染>wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals,"saysStephenMorse,directoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.It’snotjustthatwe’regoingtowheretheanimalsare;we’realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spets,andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea."Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,"saysIsaksen."Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictcontrolneedchanging,"saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethe_wake-up_call.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug<病毒>maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful.Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.<>1.WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay________.A．comefromColumbiaB．preventusfrombeinginfectedC．enjoybeingwithchildrenD．sufferfrommonkey-pox<>2.WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?A．Theyattackhumanbeings.B．Weneedtostudynativeanimals.C．Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest.D．Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.<>3.Whatdoesthephrase"thewake-upcall"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．a(chǎn)newdiseaseB．a(chǎn)clearwarningC．a(chǎn)dangerousanimalD．a(chǎn)morningcall<>4.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe________.A．mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB．mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC．shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD．shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica<>5.Thelastparagraphmeans________.A．weshouldhavelawstostophavingpetsathomeB．wildanimalsshouldn’tbeadoptedaspetsC．lawsshouldbepassedtoavoidpets’diseasesspreadingD．peoplewithpetsshouldbestayedathome[解析]飼養(yǎng)寵物可能被傳播疾病。猴痘本是非洲雨林中的一種疾病,現(xiàn)在突然出現(xiàn)在美國西部的孩子們身上。大多數(shù)人們認為只有人類才會感染的疾病其實就是來自動物。國家要制定嚴格的法律,以防止動物把疾病傳播給人類。1．D根據(jù)Wehavemettheenemy,andheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwest,it’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.可推斷,從寵物商店購買的動物身上攜帶疾病。2．D根據(jù)AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spets,andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea."Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,"可判斷。3．B根據(jù)上文,猴痘是一種從非洲的動物身上傳播到人類身上的疾病,緊接著作者說這種沒有經(jīng)過嚴格控制的法律需要改變。最后又以猴痘為例,由此可判斷"thewake-upcall"表示"一種警示"。4．A根據(jù)Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug<病毒>maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful.可知新的病毒會轉(zhuǎn)化成有害的東西,最后導致人與人的傳播,因此我們必須與新的疾病作斗爭。5．C最后一段大意：我們必須改變不檢疫而引進野生動物的規(guī)定,這樣才能避免疾病的傳播。說理議論〔閱讀理解由<2013高三第一次適應性考試>改編Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetrappedintoobusyworktorelaxthemselves.Wehavenotimetotellabed-timestorytoourchildren,orenjoyanicedinnerwithourfamily,ortakeabreaktothinkabouthowwelivethepreciouslife,orevenmeetfriends.Allwenoticeisthatthedistinctionsthatusedtoguideandsteadyus—betweenSundayandMonday,publicandprivate,hereandthere—aregone.Wehavemorewaystocommunicate,butlessandlesstosay,partlybecausewe’resobusycommunicating.Maybethat’swhymoreandmorepeopleIknow,eveniftheyhavenoreligiouscommitment,seemtobeturningtoyoga,ormeditation,ortaichi.SomefriendsofminetrytogoonlongwalkseverySunday,orto"forget"theircellphonesathome.Aseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshownthatafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettings,subjectsexhibitgreaterattentiveness,strongermemoryandgenerallyimprovedcognition.Theirbrainsbecomebothcalmerandsharper.Morethanthat,sympathy,aswellasdeepthought,dependsonneuralprocessesthatare"inherentlyslow,"theveryonesourhigh-speedliveshavelittletimefor.Inmyowncase,IturntounusualandoftenextrememeasurestotrytokeepmygoodsenseandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatall.I’venotyetusedacellphoneandI’venevertweetedorenteredFacebook.Itrynottogoonlinetillmyday’swritingisfinished,andImovedfromManhattantoruralJapan.Noneofthisisamatterofprincipleorasceticism<苦行主義>:it’sjustpureselfishness.Nothingmakesmefeelbetter,calmer,clearerandhappierthanbeinginoneplace,absorbedinabook,aconversation,apieceofmusic.It’sactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:it’sjoy,whichthemonkDavidSteindl-Rastdescribesas"thatkindofhappinessthatdoesn’tdependonwhathappens."ThatisthehighestofthehighestwehavebeenlongingforTheJoyofQuiet.1.Thewritersometimesdoesn’tdoanythingbecause.

A.heisoutofworkB.whateverhedoesmakesnosenseC.heisworriedabouthiswritingD.hecanenjoyhimselfinhisleisuretime2.Whenthewriterusestheword"forget",hisrealmeaningisthat.

A.somebodyreallyforgetshiscellphoneathomeB.somebodyleave