高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)之之實(shí)詞1（名詞數(shù)詞）課件

實(shí)詞有實(shí)在意義，能夠單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分；有形式上的變化實(shí)詞名詞數(shù)詞代詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞名詞專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞練習(xí)1判斷下列名詞的類型thought想法，idea主意，excitement興奮wood木頭，water水，air空氣desk桌子，tree樹，river河流audience觀眾，class班級(jí)，club俱樂部，committee委員會(huì)TheUnitedStates聯(lián)合國，TheEarth地球，Jim吉姆觀察例句判斷下面句子或短語中加粗名詞所起的作用1.Jackistomeetyouattheairport.杰克會(huì)到機(jī)場接你。2.Theaffairisstillacompletemystery.這事件仍然完全是個(gè)謎。3.Everyonelikestheboyincludingtheboyhimself.每個(gè)人都喜歡男孩，包括他自己。4.Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.我們選他做我們的班長。5.airpollution空氣污染

wintersleep冬眠

stonebridge石橋6.Thewarlastedeightyears.這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了八年。7.Smith,ourmonitor,leftschoollastyear.我們的班長史密斯去年退學(xué)了名詞的作用主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語定語狀語同位語注意：可數(shù)名詞作定語名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)

數(shù)詞加“-”名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式

two-dozeneggs;aten-milewalk;afive-yearplan用復(fù)數(shù)作定語的情況

sportsmeeting;studentsreading-roomman,woman,gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定

menworkers;womenteachers;manchild有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，s保留

goodstrain;customspapers;clothesbrush名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化種類變化例詞一般情況詞尾加-sbook→books,pen→pens以-s,

-x,-z,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾詞尾加-esbus→buses,bench→benches,box→boxes,dish→dishes,quizz→quizzes(stomach例外，其后直接加-s)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i后加-esfamily→families,city→cities以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾詞尾加-skey→keys,boy→boys以-f或-fe結(jié)尾多數(shù)變f或fe為v后加-esleaf→leaves,life→lives,knife→knives,wolf→wolves少數(shù)詞尾加-schief→chiefs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs以字母-o結(jié)尾詞尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes詞尾加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-sis結(jié)尾的外來詞變-sis為-sesbasis→bases,analysis→analyses,crisis→crises規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變法man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese,mouse→mice,foot→feet由一個(gè)詞加man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen單復(fù)同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,mu以s結(jié)尾仍為單數(shù)的名詞學(xué)科名詞theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名注意：一些名詞其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如goods,waters,fishes練習(xí)2使用單詞的正確形式填空Anysmellmightattractnatural_______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.The________(arrive)oftheplanehasbeendelayedduetothefog.Recent______(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifweputourphoneaway.Thevillagewherehewasbornhaschangedbeyond__________(recognize).WhenJobsdesignediPodandiPhone,

hemadegreat_______(effort)torealizehisideas.名詞的格主格Elliotisagal!賓格Vivienisaboy!所有格名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，在句中作定語、賓語或主語Jamie’ssisterisCeci.表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’sChildren’sDay(兒童節(jié));mysister’sbook復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加’s，如men’sroom男廁所以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加’Teachers’Day(教師節(jié));Mr.Charles’book短語或詞組一般在最后加’sthekingofEngland’scrown有些表示時(shí)間、距離、世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加’stenminutes’break;China’spopulation無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞，一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系thelegofthedesk,thelegoftheboy’s所有格’s可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪(省略主體詞)myaunt’s,thedoctor’s兩人共有某物時(shí)，可以采用AandB’s的形式LucyandLily’sbedroom雙重所有格art./pron./num.等限定詞+n.+of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞afriendofmyfather’s和afriendofmyfather的區(qū)別

（避免和限定詞沖突，表達(dá)感情色彩，表達(dá)不同內(nèi)涵）所有格特殊用法練習(xí)31.Afriendofmy________andIaregoingtovisit________nextweek.A．father’s;BrownsB．father’s;theBrowns C．father;BrownsD．father;theBrowns2.ThisniceT-shirtmustbe_______,becausetheybothlikewearingT-shirts.A．MaryandLinda’s B．Mary’sandLinda’sC．MaryorLinda’s D．Mary’sorLinda’s3.Hisbagisnicerthan________inhisclass.A．a(chǎn)nyotherstudentB．theotherstudents’ C．a(chǎn)nyotherstudents D．a(chǎn)nystudent’s4.TaylorandCharles’mother____(be)abroadfortwoyears.5.Themajorityofpeople____(notcare)aboutthingsthathappeninanothercountry.數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞百位與十位之間要加and；十萬位和萬位，億位和千萬位之間通常也要加andthreehundredandforty-five,onehundredandfifty-threethousand,fourhundredandtwenty-fivemillion英語用千、百萬、十億等單位計(jì)數(shù)，大數(shù)字從右向左看，每隔三位劃一逗號(hào)123,456,789hundred、thousand、million作量詞時(shí)，單復(fù)同形，前面可以加上one,two,…等數(shù)詞

twohundredapples其后+of表示概數(shù)hundredsof,thousandsof基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但遇下列情況常用復(fù)數(shù)與of短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連用：scoresofpeople/hundredsof/thousandsof表示“幾十歲”：Heisinhis/thethirties.表示“年代”，用in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)：inthe1960s（=inthe1960’s)10以下的數(shù)字一般使用單詞寫出，而不是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字基數(shù)詞英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法基數(shù)詞加th：(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th；(2)-ve結(jié)尾的改為-fth；(3)-ty結(jié)尾的改為-tieth

fourth,fifth,twentieth特殊變法

first,second,third名詞+基數(shù)詞

Book3,Room4兩位以上的序數(shù)詞僅個(gè)位數(shù)部分用序數(shù)詞，其余部分仍用基數(shù)詞thirty-sixth使用序數(shù)詞時(shí)一般加定冠詞theI’minthethirdgrade.前加a/an時(shí)指“再一”

athirdapple序數(shù)詞練習(xí)41.About________fansarewaitinghere.Theywanttoseethegreatsinger.A．twothousandof B．a(chǎn)fewthousand C．severalthousands D．twothousands2.—Haveyougoteverythingreadyfortheparty?—No,weneed________.A．a(chǎn)nothertwoglassesB．othertwoglasses C．twootherglasses D．twoanotherglasses3.Jennywillbe_________.She’sgoingtohaveapartyforher_________birthday.A．twenty;twenty B．twenty;twentieth C．twentieth;twentieth4.Ittookusabout________toflytoHongKongDisneyland.A．twoandhalfanhours B．twoandahalfhoursC．twohoursandhalf D．twohourandahalf5.—IsBob

?—No,heisa

boy.A．elevenyearsold；twelveyearsold B．elevenyearsold；twelve-year-oldC．eleven-years-old；twelveyearsold D．eleven-year-old；twelve-year-old分?jǐn)?shù)小數(shù)數(shù)詞用法倍數(shù)小數(shù)point1.7=onepointsevendot2.64=twodotsixfour分?jǐn)?shù)表示法的構(gòu)成：分子基數(shù)詞，分母序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母加s1/5=onefifth;2/3=twothirds;50%=fiftyhundredths(=fiftypercent)分子基數(shù)詞+in/outof+分母基數(shù)詞2/3=twoin/outofthree帶整數(shù)的分?jǐn)?shù)8又4分之3=eightandthreefourths固定用法1/2=half;1/4=aquarter;1/3=athird分?jǐn)?shù)主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+as+adj(/many/much)+n+asThereisthreetimesasmuchwaterinthispotas