北京市東城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中英語質(zhì)量檢測模擬試題（含解析）

北京市東城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中英語質(zhì)量檢測模擬試題一、第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)：完型填空（共10題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）1、閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Onedayalltheemployeesofaveryfamouscompanyreachedtheirofficeandallsawabigsignonthemaindoorwhichsaidthis:"Yesterdaythepersonwhohasbeenhindering（阻礙）yourgrowthinthiscompany

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.Weinviteyoutojointhefuneral（葬禮）intheroomthathasbeenpreparedinthegym."Inthebeginningtheyallgot

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forthedeathofoneoftheircolleaguesbutafterawhiletheystartedgetting

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toknowwhowasthatpersonwhohinderedthedevelopmentoftheircolleaguesandthecompanyitself?The

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inthegymwassuchthatsecurityagentswereorderedtocontrolthecrowdwithintheroom.Themorepeople

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thecoffin（棺材）,themoretheexcitementheatedup.Everyonethought"Whoisthispersonthatwashinderingmyprogress?"Onebyonetheemployeesgotclosertothecoffinandwhentheylookedinsideitthey

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becamespeechless.Theyallgottostandnearthecoffinandfeltshockedand

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asifsomeonehadtouchedthedeepestpartoftheirsoul.Therewasamirrorinsidethecoffin:everyonewholookedinsideitcouldseethemselves!Therewasalsoasignnexttothemirrorthat

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:"ThereisonlyonepersonwhoiscapableofsettinglimitstoyourgrowthandITISYOU!"Yourlifedoesnotchangewhenyourbosschanges,whenyourfriendschange,whenyourparentschange,whenyourhusbandorwifechanges…No,yourlifechangeswhenYOUchangewhenyougo

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yourlimitingbeliefsinside.Examineyourself,watchyourself.Don'tbeafraidof

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,impossibilitiesandlosses.Beawinner;buildyourselfandyourreality.Rememberit'sthewayyoufacelifeitselfthatmakesthedifference.(1)

A.diedaway B.diedout C.passedaway D.passedout (2)

A.happy B.sad C.joyful D.grateful (3)

A.calm B.curious C.conscious D.convenient (4)

A.way B.sadness C.excitement D.disappointment (5)

A.bought B.sold C.reached D.touched (6)

A.carefully B.actually C.suddenly D.madly (7)

A.insilence B.inreturn C.inneed D.inorder (8)

A.wrote B.spoke C.read D.told (9)

A.beyond B.together C.without D.towards (10)

A.changes B.difficulties C.advantages D.bargains 第二節(jié)：語法填空（共10題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）2、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOvertheyears,computergamesdeveloped

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(rapid).Technologyimproved,andtherewerealwaysnewandbettergamestoplay.YoucouldthenplaygamesovertheInternet

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peoplefromallovertheworld,sing

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(use)eithercomputersorsmartphones.Theonlinegameswerefascinatinganditwasalwaysexciting

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(play).BThenextmorning,Meggotupatteno'clockandhadbreakfastalone.Jo

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(spend)themorningwithafriendandtheafternoonreadingintheappletree.Bethpulledallhertoysoutofherclosetbutthenleftthemtoplaysomemusic.Amyputonher

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(good)dressandwentoutsidetodraw,hopingsomeonewouldnoticethebeautifulyoungartist.Nooneappeared,soshewentforawalk,got

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(catch)intherain,andcamehomedripping.C

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cigarettebutts（煙頭）aresmall,theyarebadfortheenvironment.Worldwide,about4.3trillioncigarettebutts

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(litter)everyyear.Aswellasspoilingthebeautyoftheenvironment,theycontaintoxicchemicals.Thesefindtheirwayintothewatersupply

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theyaffectwaterqualityandendangerplantsandanimals.二、第二部分：閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，50分）第一節(jié)(共14題:每小題2分，滿分28分)3、LastyearItookatriptoDunhuangwithsomefriends.Afterweleftourhotel,westeppedoutintoasandstormthatmorning.Thankfully,manyofourgroupwerewell-preparedwithfacemasksandcaps.I,ontheotherhand,wasnotasequipped.Ishouldhavelearnedabouttheconditionstherebetter.Thiswas,admittedly,thelow-pointofthetrip,butreparation（補償）wasmadethateveningwithatriptoanamazingculturalshow,fittinglycalled"SilkRoad".ThiswasamoreinterestingtakeontheSilkRoad'shistory,usingdanceandsongtoshowthevividculturaltraditionsandartisticlegacies（遺產(chǎn)）

ofDunhuangandtheSilkRoad.Itwasafullyentertainingevening.Thenextday'svisittotheMogaoCaveswascertainlythehighlightofthetrip.Fromtheoutside,theylookperfectlyordinary.Butuponenteringthedry,coolcaves,it'sasthoughyou'vebeentakentoanotherworld:it'sagreatplaceofancientartworkwith45,000squaremetresofmurals（壁畫）andstatues,makingittheworld'slargestcollectionofBuddhistart.Muchoftheoriginalpink-colouredpaintshaveturnedblack.Ourguidesaid,"Thepaintersspentmuchoftheirlivespaintinginthenear-dark,guidedonlybynaturallightanddimoillamps,andassuch,mostwentblind."Outofthedarknessofthecaves,westeppedintotheblindinglightoftheGobi,withaviewoftheYueyaquan,nestledinthedesertbowl,foranafternoonofsandboardingandcamelrides-SilkRoadstyle.Thankfully,thejourneybackwasamoremodernmodeoftransportation,andwewereallaboardasleepovertrainbacktoLanzhou,settlingintoourcomfortablebunkbedswithintheirpurpleandgoldApsara-motifcabins,andgentlyrockedtosleep.(1)Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorbeforethetrip?

A.Shehaddonepreparationscarefully.B.Shedidn'treallylookforwardtothetrip.C.Shedidn'texpecttoexperienceasandstorm.D.ShehadlearnedverywellaboutDunhuang.(2)Whatdidtheauthormostprobablythinkoftheshow?

A.Itwasthelow-pointofthewholetrip.B.ItfailedtotellmuchaboutDunhuangC.ItignoredsomeculuraltraditionsofDunhuang.D.ItintroducedtheSilkRoadinanentertainingway.(3)Whatcanweleamfromtheguide'swords?

A.TheMogaoCaves'

artworkistypicalofBuddhistart.B.CreatingtheMogaoCaves'

artworkwasverychallenging.C.TheancientartworkattheMogaoCaveswasfamous.D.TheMogaoCaves'

artworkneededprotection.4、LarryRitsemawasoutforanearlymorningjogaroundhisneighborhoodononeweekend.Onaquietstreet,hebegantofeelweak.Suddenly,everythingwentblack.Larryfelltotheground.Lessthanaminutelater.TomAlguirepassedbyonhisbicycle.Hecaughtsightofamanlyingontheroadside,sohejumpedoffhisbikeandranover.HerecognizedLarryimmediately,becausehehadbeenLarry'sdoctorfornearly20years.Dr.Tomfeltforapulse（脈搏）atfirst.Findingnone,hebegantogiveLarryfirstaid.Itwouldn'trestartLarry'sheart,butitwouldkeepthebloodflowinguntilsomeoneelsearived.Tomcouldonlyhopesomeonewouldcomebysoon,aroundsixo'clockinthemorningonaholidayweekend.Tomcouldn'tstoppressingLarry'schesttorunforhelp—Larry'sbraincellswoulddiewithouttheblood.AndTomdidn'thaveacellphonewithhim.U.S.on,acardiddriveby.ButthedriverignoredTom'sappealforhelp.Whatwashegoingtodo?Tomwasveryworried.Finally,anothercarcamedowntheroad,drivenbyMichaelSaliot,aU.S.CoastGuardOfficer.Michaelwasn'tonetopassupachancetohelpapersoninneed.Hequicklydialed911.DoctorsthenfoundthatLarryhadsufferedaheartattackandthereweresevereblockagesintwoofLarry'smajorarteries（動脈）.OnlythetimelyarrivalofDr.Tomsavedhislife.HowdidDr.Tomhappentobebicyclingthatmorning,downthatquietstreet?ItturnedoutthatasTomrode,hisbikechainfelloff.Hespentabouteightminutesfittingitback;otherwise,hewouldhaveseennothingofLarry'sproblem.(1)DoctorTomgaveLarryfirstaidinorderto

.A.wakeupLarryB.keepLarry'sbloodflowingC.restartLarry'spulseD.stopLarryfrombleeding(2)Whydidn'tTomcall911forhelp?

A.Hecouldn'tstoppressingLarry'schest.B.Hewaswaitingforsomeoneelseforhelp.C.Hewassonervousthatheforgottodoit.D.Hedidn'ttakeacellphonewithhim.(3)WhichofthefollowngisTRUEaccordangothetext?

A.TomAlguiresawLarrywhenLarryfelltothegroundB.LarryRitsemawenttoworkearlyonfootthatmorningC.FromfittedhisbikechainbackafterLarrywassenttohospital.D.MichaelSaliotwasamanalwaysreadytohelpothers.5、Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsites.Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieonthesuburbsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedump（垃圾場）intheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshielegallyshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty（條約）,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationbyexportinge-wastelabelledas"secondhandgoods"topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury（水銀）,leadandevenarsenic（砷）.Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat'sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers'waste.Forexample,Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystematgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernments'greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.(1)WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Electronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsites.B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C.Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedimmediately.D.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword

"circumvents"

inParagraph3mean?

A.Relaxes.B.Bans.C.Avoids.D.Tightens.(3)Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?

A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandards.B.Thethreatofpolutedfoodworldwide.C.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.D.Thedamagetochicken'simmunesystem.(4)Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?

A.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.B.Reducingcustomers'

demandsforelectronicproducts.C.Governments'

adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.D.Manufacturers'

developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.6、Everyyear,theJointMathematicsMeetingbringsmorethan5,000mathloverstogether.It'sthelargestmathmeetingintheworld.InJanuary2019,mathematiciansflewtothemeetinginBaltimore,Md.,tolearnaboutnewideasandtalkabouttheirwork.Manyevencametoadmirethelatestinmathematicalart.Themeetingincludedanentireartexhibition.Visitorsfeltamazedatsculpturesmadefrommetal,woodandfoldedpaper.OnewasbasedonasupersizedRubik'scube.Manyliketriangleswerearrangedinstrangeandsurprisingsizesandcolors.Thecollectionalsoincludeddrawingsandpaintingsinspiredbythestudyofnumbers,curves（曲線）andpatterns.Artandmathmayseemlikeastrangepairing.Peopleusuallyexperienceartthroughtheirsenses.Theyseeapaintingorlistentomusic.Ifthisartmovesthem,theywillhaveanemotionalresponse.Workingatmathproblemsisusuallyviewedassomethingyouthinkabout-notfeel.Butconnectionsbetweenthetwofieldsreachfarbackintime.Sculptorsandarchitectsinsomeancientcivilizationsincludednumbersandmathideasintotheirworks."Amathematician,likeapainterorapoet,isamakerofpatterns,"wroteBritishmathematicianG.H.Hardyin1940.Ifamathematician'spatternsaremorepermanent,hecontinued,"Itisbecausetheyaremadewithideas."HenrySegermanisamathematicianandartist.Whenhewasinhighschool,inEngland,hewasgoodatmathandart.Buthehadtochoose."Iwentinthemathdirectionbackthen,"hesays.Hethoughtitdifficulttosucceedasanartist.Still,Segerman'smathstudiesledhimintothevisualareasofmath,suchasgeometry.In2015.Segermanandsomemathartfriendscreatedavirtual-realityartwork.ParticipantscanputonapairofVRgogglestofloataroundandthroughfour-dimensionalshapes.Artmakesitpossibletointeractwiththeseshapes,whichwouldbeimpossibletocreateinourthree-dimensionalworld.Asbeautifulasitistosee,Segerman'sworkalsooffersanewviewonmathematicalideas.(1)Whatisspecialabouttheexhibitsatthemeeting?

A.Theyaremadebasedonmathideas.B.Theyreflectthelonghistoryofmath.C.Theyareartworkswithhightechnology.D.Theyturnabstractartintospecificmath.(2)Whydoestheauthorsay

"Artandmathmayseemlikeastrangepairing"

inParagraph3?

A.They'reexperiencedindifferentways.B.Theyseemextremelyhardtoappreciate.C.They'vebeenseparatedsinceancienttimes.D.Theyfailtobringaboutpeople'sresponses.(3)HenrySegerman'sstorysuggeststhat

.A.onecan'teasilysucceedinscienceB.mathmakesarteasiertounderstandC.mathisactuallytheoriginoffineartD.mathlearningpromotesthecreationofart(4)Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Realartistswillstandthetestofmath.B.Artistsmakemathbecomeakindofart.C.Modernartiststurnintomathematicians.D.Mathandartturnsoutagreatcombination.第二節(jié)（共5題，每小題2分，滿分10分）7、Haveyoueverhadsomeonetellyou"Ifyoueatbeforebed,youaremorelikelytogetfat?"

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ThisbelieforiginatedwhenresearchersfoundtherelationbetweenindividualssnackinglateatnightandhavingaBMIthatcategorizesthemasobese（肥胖的）.Iseatinglateatnight,especiallyafter8pm,reallygoingtomakeyougainweight?Onetheoryisthatyourmetabolism（新陳代謝）slowsdownwhenyouareasleep.

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Thusthecaloriesyoueatrightbeforebedwouldnotbeburnedoffasmuchastheywouldbewhileyou'reawake.Althoughthescienceseemsprettysound,recentstudieshaveshownthatmetabolismchangesverylittle,ifatall,whileyouareasleep.

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Theheartisstillbeating,lungsarestillworking.andthebrainisstillveryactive.Alloftheseactionstakeenergy,meaningwhileweareasleep,wearestillburningcalories.

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.Asweknow,onephysiologicaleffectofinsulin（胰島素）isstoringfat.Foodbeingconsumedlateatnightwillmorelikelybestoredawayduetothehigherlevelsofinsulinpresentinthebloodsystem.However,insulinlevelsatnightareshowntobenodifferentthaninsulinlevelsduringmid-day,Ifitistruethateatingwithhighinsulinlevelscausesyoutogainweight,anyoneeatinganytimeafterthemorningwillbecomefat.SohowcomeindividualshavehigherBMlswhentheysnackatnight?Itissimplyaresultofeatingtoomanycalories.Snacksthatindividualstendtoeatduringthenightareusuallyhighinsugarandcalories,suchasicecream,candy,potatochipsandsoftdrinks.Putsimply,ifyoueatmoreeeloriesthanyouburn,regardlessofthetimeoftheday,youwillgainweight.

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(1)

A.Withaslowmetabolism,fewcaloriesarebeingbuned.B.Whileasleep,yourbodystillfunctionsinmanyways.C.Alllivingmatterundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.D.Thetimethesesnacksareconsumeddoesnotmatter.E.Withouteverquestioningit,peoplequicklyassumethistobetrue.F.Besides,insulinlevelsaredramaticallylowerinthemomingthanatnight.G.Anothertheoryisthatlatenightsnackingleadstorisinginsulinlevels.(2)

A.Withaslowmetabolism,fewcaloriesarebeingbuned.B.Whileasleep,yourbodystillfunctionsinmanyways.C.Alllivingmatterundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.D.Thetimethesesnacksareconsumeddoesnotmatter.E.Withouteverquestioningit,peoplequicklyassumethistobetrue.F.Besides,insulinlevelsaredramaticallylowerinthemomingthanatnight.G.Anothertheoryisthatlatenightsnackingleadstorisinginsulinlevels.(3)

A.Withaslowmetabolism,fewcaloriesarebeingbuned.B.Whileasleep,yourbodystillfunctionsinmanyways.C.Alllivingmatterundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.D.Thetimethesesnacksareconsumeddoesnotmatter.E.Withouteverquestioningit,peoplequicklyassumethistobetrue.F.Besides,insulinlevelsaredramaticallylowerinthemomingthanatnight.G.Anothertheoryisthatlatenightsnackingleadstorisinginsulinlevels.(4)

A.Withaslowmetabolism,fewcaloriesarebeingbuned.B.Whileasleep,yourbodystillfunctionsinmanyways.C.Alllivingmatterundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.D.Thetimethesesnacksareconsumeddoesnotmatter.E.Withouteverquestioningit,peoplequicklyassumethistobetrue.F.Besides,insulinlevelsaredramaticallylowerinthemomingthanatnight.G.Anothertheoryisthatlatenightsnackingleadstorisinginsulinlevels.(5)

A.Withaslowmetabolism,fewcaloriesarebeingbuned.B.Whileasleep,yourbodystillfunctionsinmanyways.C.Alllivingmatterundergoesaprocessofmetabolism.D.Thetimethesesnacksareconsumeddoesnotmatter.E.Withouteverquestioningit,peoplequicklyassumethistobetrue.F.Besides,insulinlevelsaredramaticallylowerinthemomingthanatnight.G.Anothertheoryisthatlatenightsnackingleadstorisinginsulinlevels.第三節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題，第1,2小題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）8、Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic（全景的）viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho"ruined"it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwould