2023年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)句子類型

英語(yǔ)句子的類型一.簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句:由一套主謂或主系構(gòu)成的句子1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)[S+V]Hees.主謂翻譯：a.他笑了。__________________________________b.他開(kāi)心的笑了。____________________________c.他對(duì)著那個(gè)女孩開(kāi)心的笑了。____________________________________________2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓[SVO]. Helikesapples.主謂賓翻譯：a.他打羽毛球。____________________________________b.他每天都打羽毛球。______________________________c.他每天和朋友打羽毛球。_________________________________________________主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)[S+V+IO+DO]雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell,bring等Myauntboughtmeaputer.主謂間賓直賓翻譯：a.我給了他一本書(shū)。________________________________b.我昨天給了他一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。__________________________________________c.我昨天在新東方給了他一本書(shū)。____________________________________________4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[S+V+O+OC] 常見(jiàn)加賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，make,keep,find,drive… Wemustkeepourschoolclean.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)翻譯：a.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈。______________________________b.她驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈。________________________________________c.她驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)房間干凈又整潔。___________________________________________5主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)[S+V+P]系動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有Be動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞，變化類動(dòng)詞（bee,turn,get…）等Itfeltsosoft.主系表翻譯：a.這個(gè)蛋糕嘗起來(lái)很棒。___________________________________b.這個(gè)草莓蛋糕嘗起來(lái)很棒。_______________________________________二.并列句并列句:由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子,句子之間有并列連詞（and,so,but,while,yet,still,for,or,neither….nor,either…or,notonly…butalso等）或連接副詞（besides,moreover,furthermore,however,nevertheless,therefore等）1.HehelpsmeandIhelphim.2.I’mtidy,butGinaisnot.3.HeisadoctorwhileIamateacher.4.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.5.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeorshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?6.Thefilmisnotperfect,still,it’sgood.7.I’dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain.8.Youmustgoearly,otherwise,youwillmissthebus.9.EitherTomisingorhissistersare.10.Thebookisexpensive,however,it’sworthit.翻譯練習(xí)：我想要減肥，但是又不喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。_______________________________________________我口渴，因?yàn)樘鞖馓珶帷_____________________________________________________他不僅給了我很多建議，并且還幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。__________________________________________________________她說(shuō)她會(huì)遲到，然而她準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。__________________________________________________________我1998年來(lái)到這里，并且一直住在這里。__________________________________________________________你們現(xiàn)在可以休息，或者你們可以去看電影。__________________________________________________________三.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句（從句）:由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成,其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子是整個(gè)大句子的某個(gè)句法成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)），句子間有從屬連詞(that,which,who,whom,whose…)Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?IthinkScreenCityhasthemostfortableseats.名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)部分是一個(gè)完整句子,由(that,whether,if,what,who,which,when,where,how,why)引導(dǎo)。1.Canyoutellmewhathisnameis?2.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestbankis?3.Hetoldmewhyhewaslateforschool.翻譯練習(xí)：1.我認(rèn)為新東方是一個(gè)好地方。___________________________________2.我想知道他是否會(huì)同意我。_____________________________________3.我知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。_______________________________________將下面各句改寫(xiě)成帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子 1.Whatishereading?(Canyousee…) 2.Wheredidhelivelastyear?(Idon’tknow…) 3.Willtheyesoon?(Iwonder…) 4.Howoldistheboy?（Canyouguess…）表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)部分是一個(gè)句子，由連詞（that,whether,if,what,who等）連接。1.Theproblemisthatwedon’tlikehim.2.Thequestioniswhetherhewille.3.That’swhyhedoesn’tlikeit.翻譯練習(xí)：1.他似乎心情不好。_______________________________________________________2.那是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g他。_____________________________________________________3.我們關(guān)心的是什么時(shí)候可以出去玩。_______________________________________主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)部分是一個(gè)句子，由連詞（that,whether,who,whoever,when,how,why,where等）引導(dǎo)。1.It’sdangerousthatyouplaywithfire.2.ThatwespenttoomuchtimeontheInternetdoesharmtoourstudy.3.WhetherwecanmakegooduseoftheInternetdependsonhowwecontrolourselves.翻譯練習(xí)：我們需要的是錢(qián)。__________________________________你不想上學(xué)的事讓我很驚訝。____________________________________你所說(shuō)的話讓我很傷心。____________________________________同位語(yǔ)從句由連詞（that,whether,what,who,how等）引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子做同位語(yǔ)所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句,可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope等。1.我聽(tīng)到了重慶將要治理霧霾的消息。IheardthenewsthatChongqingisgoingtodealwiththehaze．2.這種方法是否可行還不一定。Thereissomedoubtwhetherthiswaywillwork.3.他不知道環(huán)境為什么越來(lái)越糟。Hehadnoideawhytheenvironmentbecameworseandworse.翻譯練習(xí):1.我不知道怎樣和同學(xué)相處。___________________________________________ 2.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，保護(hù)環(huán)境人人有責(zé)。________________________________________定語(yǔ)從句句子中的定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞）是一個(gè)句子。由（that,which,as,who,whom,whose,when,where,why）連接被修飾詞：先行詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句詞：關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞）關(guān)系詞詞形先行詞在從句作的成分關(guān)系代詞that人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)which/as物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose=ofwhomofwhich人或物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因詞原因狀語(yǔ)a.Idon’tlikethemoviewhich/thattellsscaryorsadstories.主謂賓關(guān)系代詞做主謂賓b.HeisthemanwhoIknow.主系表關(guān)系代詞做賓主謂c.Mr.Chenhelpedthepatientwhosesonhasaheartproblem.主謂賓關(guān)系代詞作定主謂賓d.ThisistheroomwhereIlived.主系表關(guān)系副詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)主謂翻譯練習(xí)：1.這是我媽媽昨天在書(shū)店買(mǎi)給我的英語(yǔ)書(shū)。___________________________________________________2.他就是那個(gè)父母都在國(guó)外工作的聰明學(xué)生。___________________________________________________3.正在講話的那位女士是我媽媽的朋友。___________________________________________________4.我更喜歡可以跟著一起唱的流行音樂(lè)。___________________________________________________5.請(qǐng)不要忘記我們一起努力學(xué)習(xí)的日子。___________________________________________________合成句子練習(xí)：1.Thisisthecar.Themechanicrepairedityesterday.__________________________________________________2.Heistheman.Iinvitedhimtotheparty.__________________________________________________3.Iwanttobuythehouse.Thehouse’sroofiscoveredbysnow.___________________________________________________4.ItwasagreatFriday.IplayedsoccerwithmyfriendsonFriday.___________________________________________________5.Ilovemyschool.Istudyinthatschoolforthreeyears.___________________________________________________狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是副詞性從句，在句子中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)從句可以分為以下八種。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的連詞：when/whenever/while/asbefore/aftertill/untilsinceassoonaseverytime=eachtime=lasttime=nexttime=thefirsttime=bythetimeWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.AssoonasIarriveinChongqing,I’llwritetoyou.翻譯練習(xí):1.正當(dāng)天下著雨的時(shí)候，他們出去了。_____________________________________________________2.自從我來(lái)到這里，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_____________________________________________________3.我第一次見(jiàn)到她時(shí)我認(rèn)為她很誠(chéng)實(shí)。_____________________________________________________地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的連詞：where/whereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Youarefreetogowhereveryouwanttogo.翻譯練習(xí)：1.無(wú)論你在哪里，你都要遵守規(guī)則。______________________________________________2.把它放在我們看得見(jiàn)的地方。___________________________________________________3.公共汽車(chē)將把你送到你要去的地方。_____________________________________________原因狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的連詞：because/as/sinceIcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.翻譯練習(xí):1.我認(rèn)為重慶是個(gè)很美的地方，所以想在重慶居住。______________________________________________2.既然大家都到了，我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。______________________________________________3.由于他英語(yǔ)懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個(gè)單詞。______________________________________________目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的連詞：So…that…./such…that…/sothat/inorderthatIgetupearlysothatIcancatchthebus.翻譯練習(xí)：1.為了取得好分?jǐn)?shù)，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。______________________________________________2.這只貓如此可愛(ài)，大家都喜歡它。______________________________________________3.重慶是一個(gè)如此吸引人的城市，吸引了全世界的人來(lái)旅游。______________________________________________條件狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)連接詞：if/unless/aslongas/asfarasWewon’tgoforawalkifitrainsthisafternoon.Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.翻譯練習(xí)：1.據(jù)我所知，有百分之八十的學(xué)生睡前玩。______________________________________________2.除非你少吃點(diǎn)，不然你會(huì)長(zhǎng)胖。______________________________________________讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)連詞：though/although/evenif/eventhough/while/as疑問(wèn)詞+everMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.(as用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，必須用倒裝。)Whilehewassick,hestillkeptstudying.(while從句一般位于句首)Hewon’tlistenwhateveryousay.翻譯練習(xí)：1.即使下雨，他也要出門(mén)鍛煉。______________________________________________2.不管他多努力，他都無(wú)法減肥。______________________________________________3.雖然我不喜歡英語(yǔ)，但還是要學(xué)習(xí)。______________________________________________四.特殊句型Therebe句型1.結(jié)構(gòu) Therebe+主語(yǔ)+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)2.例句： Thereisadogbehindthedoor.3.練習(xí) A.我家門(mén)前有一條河。__________________________________________________ B.我們學(xué)校將會(huì)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。____________________________________________ C.有一個(gè)女孩在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。__________________________________________ D.這兒曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)游樂(lè)場(chǎng)。______________________________________________祈使句1.(Please)+V原+其他Pleaseein.Pleasedon’tein.Openthedoor!Don’topenthedoor!翻譯練習(xí)：（1）請(qǐng)微笑。___________________________（2）請(qǐng)不要大笑。______________________（3）把窗戶關(guān)上。_______________________（4）不要關(guān)上窗戶。_____________________2.Be+adj.Bequiet!Don’tbequiet!翻譯練習(xí)：（1）當(dāng)心點(diǎn)！___________________________（2）不要太吵鬧！_______________________3.Letsb.dosthLetmecleantheroom.Don’tletmecleantheroom.Letmenotcleantheroom.翻譯練習(xí)：（1）讓我來(lái)洗碗吧！____________________ （2）不要讓我洗碗！____________________4.No+nNophotos!翻譯練習(xí)：（1）不要打架！________________________5.No+VingNosmoking!翻譯練習(xí)：（1）不要停車(chē)！_________________________（2）別吵！_____________________________感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)What+感嘆名詞單數(shù)：what+a/an+adj.+n.(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞：what+adj.+n.(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))how:感嘆形容詞、副詞how+adj./adv(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))how+句子例句Whatalovelyboy(heis)!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Howfastheruns!HowhehopeshecanenterChongqingUniversity!翻譯練習(xí)今天天氣真好??！____________________________我的初中生活多么美好啊！____________________________________他是多么貼心的朋友?。_____________________________________我多么期盼我的高中生活啊。__________________________________________倒裝句必須弄清兩點(diǎn)：①若有主從句，哪句倒裝 ②部分倒裝還是完全倒裝1.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序。 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)=>自然語(yǔ)序謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)=>倒裝語(yǔ)序倒裝語(yǔ)序有：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝：將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前如：Thebuseshere. =>Hereesthebus.部分倒裝：只將助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前如：Ihaveneverbeenthere. =>NeverhaveIbeenthere.倒裝條件種類倒裝條件例句完全倒裝here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Hereesacircus.Hereyouare.Thereare2birdsflyinginthesky.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.部分倒裝so,neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事Hecanplaythepiano,socanI.never,hardly,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修飾的狀語(yǔ)放于句首OnlythendidherealizetheimportanceofEnglish.notonly...butalso連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatall.neither...nor...連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so...that,such...that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecan’tgoonaholiday.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth.【倒裝種類】一、全部倒裝:表示方位和時(shí)間的副詞位于句首，句子（注意：主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝）1.Thebuseshere. =>Hereesthebus.2.Thebellgoesthere. =>Theregoesthebell.3.Thestudentswentaway. =>Awaywentthestudents.4.Thechanceesnow. =>Now________the_________.5.Herushedout.=>Out____________.6.Heeshere.=>There____________.以介詞短語(yǔ)表示的狀語(yǔ)，提前位于句首，全部倒裝。1.Atowerstandsinfrontofourschool.=>Infrontofourschoolstandsatower.2.Atemplestandsatthetopofthemountain. =>______thetopofmountainstands____________.3.Christmastrees,flowersandtoysareamongthegoods.=>______thegoods______Christmastrees,flowersandtoys.二、部分倒裝將so/neither/nor放在開(kāi)頭，表示“…也(不)…”注意：表示“確實(shí)是這樣”不倒裝1.Hewenttothefilmlastnight.SodidI.2.Youmustfinishyourwork,so______I.3.Sheisinterestedinthestory,so______I.4.Hedidn’tturnup.Neither______hisbrother.否定詞或半否定詞位于句首never/little/seldom/not/notuntil,nowhere/few/bynomeans(決不)/atnotime(從不)1.Ihaveneverbeenthere. =>NeverhaveIbeenthere.2.Iknewlittleaboutit. =>LittledidIknowaboutit.3.Sheseldomcamelatetoschool =>______didshe______latetoschool.4.Youshouldbuythatkindofcarbynomeans.=>__________________shouldyou______thatkindofcar.5.Shedidn’trealizethatshehadlosthernecklaceuntilshegothome.=>Notuntilshegothome__________________thatshehadlostherkeys.

6.Ididn’tknowhowdifficultitwasuntilIbegantowork.=>NotuntilIbegantowork__________________howdifficultitwas.*notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，不倒裝；連接句子，前面句子倒裝。HecanspeaknotonlyChinesebutalsoEnglish.NotonlydoeshespeakEnglishwell,butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.Notonlyishebusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.only/often及其修飾的狀語(yǔ)位于句首1.Wecanonlysolvetheprobleminthisway.=>Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.2.Hewasonlyabletogohomewhenthewarwasover.=>Onlywhenthewarwasover______heabletogohome.Ioftenadvisedhimtogiveup.=>OftendidI______himtogiveup.4.Youcanonlyhopetomakeimprovementintheoperatingsysteminthisway.=>Onlyinthisway______you______tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.5.YoucanonlymakeprogressinyourEnglishinthisway.=>______inthisway______you______progressinyourEnglish.6.Wecanonlyriseintheworld(飛黃騰達(dá))througheducation.=>__________________canweriseintheworld.so/such….that以so/such開(kāi)頭句子1.Hespokesoloudlythatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.=>Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.2.Thewordsweresosmallthathecouldhardlyseethem.=>Sosmall______thewordsthat____________hardlyseethem.3.Itwassuchaninterestingfilmthatwewerealldeeplymoved.=>______aninterestingfilm____________thatweweredeeplymoved.翻譯練習(xí)：Tom喜歡打籃球，Jack也是這樣。Tom不喜歡踢足球，Jack也是這樣。你只有以這種方式才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。你只有吃健康的食物，才能保持健康。這個(gè)問(wèn)題如此的困難，我決定去問(wèn)我父母的意見(jiàn)。只有當(dāng)我離開(kāi)父母去日本時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到有多愛(ài)他們。她絕不會(huì)同意我們的計(jì)劃。直到河里的魚(yú)都死光了，村民才意識(shí)到污染有多嚴(yán)重。他不僅擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)，還擅長(zhǎng)法語(yǔ)和日語(yǔ)。學(xué)會(huì)做家務(wù)不僅使孩子們更加獨(dú)立，還給他們一項(xiàng)基本的技能。強(qiáng)調(diào)句先觀察原句，再觀察下列強(qiáng)調(diào)句，你能試著體會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法嗎？原句：ImetDengChaoattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天我在火車(chē)站遇到了鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：ItwasIthat/whometDengChaoattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天正是我在火車(chē)站遇到了鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：ItwasDengChaothat/whoImetattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天正是我在火車(chē)站遇到的正是鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetDengChaoyesterday.昨天我正是在火車(chē)站遇到了鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ItwasyesterdaythatImetDengChaoattherailwaystationyesterday.正是在昨天，我在火車(chē)站遇到了鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：IdidmeetDengChaoattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天我在火車(chē)站遇到了鄧超。強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型為“___________________________________________________”。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“_________________________”注意：當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分必須是一個(gè)完整的狀語(yǔ)。試著觀察以下兩組句子：ItisfiveyearssinceIbegantolivehere.我住在這里有五年了。（since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）ItisfiveyearsagothatIbegantolivehere.正是在五年前我開(kāi)始在這里居?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)句）ItwasonthefarmthatIspentmysummervaca