第二講　從隱性提示解答七選五

第二講從隱性提示解答七選五說(shuō)明：“顯性提示”“隱性提示”只是編者為從不同的角度將“七選五”這一難點(diǎn)題型講清弄明，人為地將諸多技法進(jìn)行的一種分類(lèi)，個(gè)別題型及其方法一定存在交叉重復(fù)現(xiàn)象(前一講已經(jīng)給予說(shuō)明，如利用“代詞”解題，既是“銜接方法”的一類(lèi)，又是“詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)方法”的一類(lèi))。請(qǐng)讀者不要在形式上給予過(guò)多較真，“實(shí)用”才是硬道理。隱性解題信息(一)上下檢索復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯類(lèi)型(一)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法掌握特點(diǎn)一個(gè)單詞在一個(gè)語(yǔ)意場(chǎng)中以同樣的形式反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)兼有詞形的變化技巧運(yùn)用

①尋找空格前后句中的相同關(guān)鍵詞；②根據(jù)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，第一句的賓語(yǔ)往往是第二句的主語(yǔ)，或者前后句有相同、重疊的詞語(yǔ)[例1]

(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)It'ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.__40__We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.D．It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.[分析]

根據(jù)空前可知，作者認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人是從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)的。根據(jù)空后可知我們都在改變并一直在學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)G符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的“mistake”與空前的theirmistakes和空后的mistakes屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。類(lèi)型(二)代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法掌握特點(diǎn)為了避免與上文提到的名詞重復(fù)，常用不同的代詞指代上文提到的人、事物或事件技巧運(yùn)用①注意空格前后出現(xiàn)的代詞，并確定其意義；②結(jié)合指代意義和單復(fù)數(shù)解題[例2]

(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.__39__Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.[分析]

根據(jù)空后可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會(huì)使得你和朋友們一起交換意見(jiàn)等。C項(xiàng)中的“They”與空前的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)C和下文“Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.”中的“this”一致。類(lèi)型(三)派生復(fù)現(xiàn)法[例3]

__40__Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.掌握特點(diǎn)派生詞是由詞根加詞綴構(gòu)成的詞技巧運(yùn)用在句中尋找這類(lèi)詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?[分析]

由下文陽(yáng)光也能帶來(lái)有益的維生素D可知，空處應(yīng)是呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)好處。下文中的“beneficial”與D項(xiàng)中的“benefit”屬于同根詞，屬于派生詞重復(fù)信息。故選D項(xiàng)。類(lèi)型(四)同義(反義)復(fù)現(xiàn)法[例4]

(2021·浙江1月高考節(jié)選)Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:__33__Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.掌握特點(diǎn)指上下文中意義相同(相反)的詞、詞組或同義(反義)句子。技巧運(yùn)用在句中尋找同義(反義)詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.[分析]

由空前“想想概率”可知，空處應(yīng)是解釋概率的具體內(nèi)容。由下文“另一條隊(duì)伍可能移動(dòng)得更快”可知，空處應(yīng)解釋自己所在的隊(duì)伍，故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)意，且空前的probability與D項(xiàng)中的chances相呼應(yīng)。隱性解題信息(二)通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(一)根據(jù)其他段落小標(biāo)題的句式類(lèi)型解題如果題目設(shè)在段落標(biāo)題處，考生可以通過(guò)其他段落小標(biāo)題的句式類(lèi)型來(lái)縮小選擇范圍。如果其他段落的小標(biāo)題是祈使句，本段標(biāo)題也應(yīng)該是祈使句；如果其他段落的小標(biāo)題是名詞短語(yǔ)，本段標(biāo)題也應(yīng)該是名詞短語(yǔ)。縮小選擇范圍之后，再依據(jù)段落內(nèi)容來(lái)鎖定答案。[例1]

(2022·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)·Practiseempathy(共情)38．You_may_be_the_friend_who_left_or_the_one_who_was_left_behind.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·__39__Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible，extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.A．RememberimportantdatesB．Compensatebywritingletters[分析]

本題考查段落小標(biāo)題。首先根據(jù)上文的另一個(gè)小標(biāo)題“·Practiseempathy(共情)”，可以將選擇范圍縮小到A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)之間。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”，故選A。(二)根據(jù)其他段首主旨句句式類(lèi)型解題在很多“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中，每個(gè)段落都有主旨句，這些主旨句往往句式相同。因此，如果設(shè)空處在段首，并且是本段的主旨句，那么可根據(jù)其他段落首句的結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容來(lái)確定答案。[例2]

(2021·全國(guó)甲卷節(jié)選)Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5－10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Less_people_than_that,_andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.·__38__.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom...·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go”，orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever...B．HoldaclothingswapD．JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE．DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition[分析]

本題考查主旨句。由于每段前都有實(shí)心圓點(diǎn)，因此可以初步判斷每段的首句都是主旨句，并且都是祈使句，故38題的選擇范圍鎖定在B、D、E、F、G項(xiàng)；根據(jù)下文“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.”可知，他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量的環(huán)保袋，把他們的“新”衣服帶回家，G選項(xiàng)“告訴每個(gè)人帶上完好且干凈的衣服”可以概括這一段的內(nèi)容，且G項(xiàng)中的“cleanclothes”對(duì)應(yīng)下文的“‘new’clothes”，“bring”對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的“carry”，下文中的“They”指代G項(xiàng)中的“everyone”。(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)意和設(shè)空所在句子的剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)特征解題近幾年，高考命題的設(shè)空方式出現(xiàn)了一些新變化，打破了設(shè)空處是一個(gè)完整句子的命題窠臼，增添了對(duì)復(fù)合句中主、從句和并列分句的考查，所挖空的部分只是復(fù)合句的一部分，剩余的部分留在文中。針對(duì)這一類(lèi)題目，可根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)意和設(shè)空所在句子的殘余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)特征來(lái)確定答案。[例3]

(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ節(jié)選)Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.__37__，encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.A．MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalF．Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplace[分析]

本題要求考生根據(jù)后面的逗號(hào)以及作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)全句子的主干部分?？涨罢f(shuō)明了“書(shū)面交流常常被解讀為冰冷枯燥，使用表情符號(hào)能增加幽默感和感情，從而保持意圖清晰”，空處也應(yīng)是說(shuō)明與書(shū)面交流相比，使用表情符號(hào)的好處；再由作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication”中的兩個(gè)并列的比較級(jí)“betterandmorefrequent”可以推斷，句子主干部分含有比較級(jí)，A選項(xiàng)“Messageswithemojisfeelmoreconversational”含有比較級(jí)，且符合文意。隱性解題信息(三)據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，分析句間關(guān)系(一)空后是逗號(hào)當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面是逗號(hào)，且后面的句子是由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，則設(shè)空處為主句。當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面是逗號(hào)，且后面的句子沒(méi)有連詞引導(dǎo)，則設(shè)空處多為狀語(yǔ)從句。[例1]

(2021·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving？”，you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.__37__，itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.C．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”E．Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay[分析]

根據(jù)空后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)及其后的句子可推知，此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)從句；再根據(jù)“‘Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle’or‘Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.’”可知，空處內(nèi)容與交通方式有關(guān)。故C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

(二)空后是句號(hào)當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面是句號(hào)時(shí)，考生要根據(jù)段落主題和前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)解題。[例2]

(2021·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚(yáng)).__40__.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG．Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost[分析]

本段第一句為段落主題句，意為“如何應(yīng)對(duì)另一個(gè)宴會(huì)殺手：尷尬的沉默？”，下文給出方法，應(yīng)對(duì)宴會(huì)殺手——尷尬的沉默的唯一方法就是贊揚(yáng)主人，故G項(xiàng)“他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人”符合語(yǔ)境，與前面的句子構(gòu)成前果后因的關(guān)系。(三)空后是破折號(hào)當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面是破折號(hào)時(shí)，考生要根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容來(lái)確定答案，因?yàn)樗菍?duì)前面內(nèi)容的解釋和說(shuō)明。[例3]

·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.__39__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.40.For_each_of_those_gardens,_write_down_the_strongest_memory_you_have.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.C．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers[分析]

根據(jù)空前的“butthat'snotwhat'simportant”可知，空處應(yīng)講什么重要；再根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容“howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel”可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對(duì)“我們”的關(guān)于花園的體驗(yàn)的解釋?zhuān)蔆項(xiàng)“我們的關(guān)于花園的體驗(yàn)很重要”符合語(yǔ)境。(四)空后是問(wèn)號(hào)當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面是問(wèn)號(hào)時(shí)，考生要根據(jù)后面對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答來(lái)確定設(shè)空處問(wèn)的是什么。[例4]

(2021·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)__38__？Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.Or_turn_the_conversation_into_a_topic_where_they_have_little_to_say.A．HowdoyouknowthehostF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking[分析]

根據(jù)空后的問(wèn)號(hào)可知，此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)問(wèn)句，選項(xiàng)中只有A和F是問(wèn)句；再根據(jù)空后“Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway”中的“wine”可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中的“hashadtoomuchtodrink”與之屬于同一范疇的表達(dá)，因此F項(xiàng)“對(duì)于喝多了或者不停說(shuō)話的人該怎么辦”符合語(yǔ)境。(2023·中山模擬)Vacationoftenstartswithawonderfulidea.__1__Withalittlebitofpreparationandeffort,travelerscanovercome90%ofthedifficultiestheymayfaceduringatrip.Hereareusefulpointersonhowtoplanatrip.Pickingtherightdestinationaccordingtotheseasonisakeyfactorinplanningatripsuccessfully.__2__Usually,theidealseasontovisitbeaches,mountainsandforestsiscompletelydifferent.Alsotakethecostfactorintoconsideration.Goingtoaluxurydestinationduringtheshoulderseasoncanresultinsomegooddiscountsonhotelsandflights.Anotherkeyaspectofagoodtripplanneristocorrectlyestimatethenumberofdaysrequired.__3__Sometravelersliketoseenewcitieseveryday,whereassomeprefertakingitslow.You'dbetterleaveanemptydayintravelplansinwhichtherearemorethan7dayssothatthingsliketerribleweatherwon'tmessupthewholearrangement.__4__Pricesofflightsandaccommodationsriseovertimeifyouareplanningforavacationthatfallsduringthepeakseasonofthatparticulardestination.Somakingareservationafewmonthsinadvancewillhelpyouavoidadditionalcosts.Packwiselyanddonecessaryresearch.Anextrashirt,sweater,orjumpercanprovehandyduringtripswheretheweatherisexpecte