目的論視角下的英語新聞標(biāo)題翻譯-以中國日報(bào)為例

Abstract.TranslationStrategiesofEnglishNewsHeadlinesFromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory3.1LiteralTranslationLiteraltranslationisthemostbasicmethodoftranslation.Usingthestrategyofliteraltranslation,versionscouldnotjustkeepcontentinthelinewiththeoriginaltexts,butalsotheirforms.Statistically,morethan70%ofsentencesaretranslatedbyadoptingthisstrategy.Literaltranslationmakesnewsheadlinesmuchmoreacceptable.e.g.1Original:LegoconsidersrentalschemeVersion:樂高考慮出租積木計(jì)劃Words“Lego”,“considers”,“rental”and“scheme”weretranslatedonebyoneto“樂高”、“考慮”、“出租”和“計(jì)劃”。Thisisanexampleforliteraltranslation.Thereisnodifferencebetweentheoriginalandtargettexts.ThisexamplehasconformedwiththefidelityruleofSkoposTheory.WhenthethemeaningofEnglishnewsheadlinesisclearanddirect,wecoulddirectlytranslateitintocorrespondingChinesewordsonthebasisofmakingnomisunderstanding.Forexample:“LookingBackToLookAhead”couldbetranslatedto“回首往昔展望未來”;“America’sCareeningForeignPolicy”to“搖擺不定的美國對外政策”;“BillClintonAssumesOfficeInWhiteHouseAsUSPresident”to“比爾·克林頓入主白宮，就任美國總統(tǒng)”.Asthesameasthee.g.1,whenreadingtheoriginalandtargettexts,readerscouldseethatthereareonlyminorchangesbetweenthemandtheirformsarebasicallykeptasEnglishheadlines.Therefore,theseexampleswellembodytheapplicationofthefidelityruleofSkoposTheory.e.g.2Original:Microsofttrieda4-dayworkweekinJapan.Productivityjumped40%Version:微軟在日本試行4天工作制結(jié)果工作效率暴增40%TheoriginaltitleistranslatedtoChineseversionword-for-wordandaccurately.Theversioncontainsallthecontentofthesourcetext.AnditisalsoinlinewithChinesecharacteristics.ThismeansthistranslationisconformtoFidelityrule,andalsotocoherencerulefortheversionisinlinewithChinesewritingstyleandcharacteristicsthatmakeitreadableandacceptableforChinesereaders.Thenreadersmaybemorelikelytoreadthisone.Inotherwords,thetranslatorofthistranslationactionadoptedthetechniqueofliteraltranslation,conformingtoallthethreerulesofSkoposTheory,skopos,coherenceandfidelity.3.2AmplificationInsomecases,translatorneedtomakesomesupplementandexplanationtoimprovereaders’understandingforthesourcetext.Inthiscondition,wecansaytranslationisanactionofreducingmisunderstandingorbarrierstounderstanding.Forsometargettextsdon’thavethecorrespondingwordsorphrases,translatorsshouldadoptthetechniqueofamplificationtocompletethemeaning,whichrequirestranslatorsbeofcross-culturalawareness.Thepurposeofusingthisstrategyistomaketheversionmorecoherentandidiomatic.Asfollows:E.g.3Original:ScotlandbansparkingonsidewalksVersion:蘇格蘭新規(guī)禁止在人行道上停車然而……Wecouldnotfindawordrelatedto“然而”.ButinChinesewritingstyle,thisphraseindicatesthattherewouldbesomeexceptionfromtheconditionoftheformersentence.Andreadersmaybecuriousaboutwhat’sreallythenewstalkingabout.Thentheheadlineswouldhavefinisheditsfunctionofattractingreaders.AndthisisakindofembodimentoftheskoposruleofSkoposTheory.Ofcourse,itmeetthecoherenceruleforitsChinesewritingstyle,andtheFidelityruleforitsfillingthewholeinformationoftheoriginaltext.E.g.4Original:Thebaldfacts:AirpollutioncouldbecausingyourhairlossVersion:傷不起！空氣污染竟會(huì)導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)Inthisexample,thereisalsonotawordtobetranslatedto“傷不起”.Usingthisphrase,theheadlinesexpressakindofemotionofhelplessness.Thisinstancesuggeststhatheadlinescouldpresentreportersattitudeofthenewsitems.Sothisisalsoconformedtotheskoposrule.E.g.5Original:ChildrenwhogetadroneforChristmaswillneedtotaketheorytestbeforeflyingitVersion:英國：圣誕節(jié)收到無人機(jī)禮物？先通過考試再試飛Theeditorhasadded“英國”toexplainwherethenewsitemoccurredandchangedthestructureofthesentencewhichmakeitmoreinlinewithChinesewritinghabits.Andtheversionhascompletelycoherencewiththesourcetext.AccordingtotheSkoposTheory,theversionisconformedwiththetotalthreerulesofthetheory,thatisattractivewiththeskoposrule,loyaltotheoriginaltextwiththefidelityrule,andcoherentwiththecoherencerule.3.3OmissionOmissionisatranslationtechniquethatomitsomeextrawordsinversionsbutessentialinthesourcetexts,suchaspreposition,article,pronounandconjunction.E.g.6Original:Practicedoesnotalwaysmakeperfect,findsstudyofviolinistsVersion:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：熟不一定能生巧Theversionhasnotmentioned“violinists”.Wecouldseethattheversionhasclearlyshowedthemainideaofthewholenewsreport.Soitisnotnecessarytotranslate“violinist”.Withouttranslatingtheword,theversionappearsconciseandbrief.Thisfollowstheprincipleofskopos.E.g.7Original:GameofThronescreatorssign$200mdealwithNetflixafterfiercebiddingwarVersion:《權(quán)游》編劇兩億美元簽約網(wǎng)飛“afterfiercebiddingwar”,givingthetimethenewsitemhappened,hasnotbeentranslatedintheversion.InChinesewritingstyle,itisnotessentialtopresentit.Omitthephrase,theChineseheadlinewouldbeconciserandalsofollowstheskoposruleofSkoposTheory.E.g.8Original:Ifyourest,yourust?StudyfindsearlyretirementmayspeedupcognitivedeclineVersion:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：提前退休會(huì)加速認(rèn)知能力下降Theversionhascutthequestion“ifyourest,yourust”.Ifnot,wewouldfindtheChineseversionisrepetition,whichisnotconformedwiththecoherenceruleoftheSkoposTheory,andmaybelessreadableforreaders.Theymayalsofeelboringaboutthenews.So,consideringabouttheSkoposTheory,thebettertechniqueistocuttherepetitioncontentmakingtheheadlinemuchmoreattractivewhichisconformedwiththeskoposrule.Andalsothecoherencerule.Inanotherhand,theversionhastotallyexpressedwhattheoriginaltext’scontent,whichmeansitfollowsthefidelityruleofthetheory.3.4AdaptationWhenthewords’orderoforiginaltextscannotbecompletelypreservedandreproducedintargettextsduringtheprocessoftranslation,translatorsshouldrearrangethewordorderintheversioninordertoconformtothecustomaryexpressionofthetargetlanguageandthethinkingmodeofthetargetnation.E.g.9Original:ThebestwaytositatyourdeskforeverytypeofworktaskVersion:哪種坐姿最正確？這取決于你做的是哪種工作Inthisexample,thetranslatortook“thebestway”toasingleinterrogativesentence,andrewritetherestcontent.Bybeingrearranged,theheadlinehasbecomemoreinterestingandmoreattractive,andthelanguageismorealignedwithChineswritingstyle.Peoplewillbemuchmorecuriousaboutthecontent.AndthisisanembodimentoftheruleofcoherenceandSkopos.E.g.10Original:'Spider-Man'couldbeleavingtheMarvelCinematicUniverseandfansaresharingtheirgriefandangeronlineVersion:蜘蛛俠將告別漫威粉絲們炸了！Thetranslatorrewrite“fansaresharingtheirgriefandangeronline”to“粉絲們炸了”whichismoreattractivethan“粉絲們紛紛表達(dá)自己的悲傷和憤怒”.Thetranslationalsoembodytheskoposruleandcoherencerule.E.g.11Original:Howtosolveahardproblem?Version:遇到難題解決不了？科學(xué)告訴你，不妨先睡一覺再說！Thisonehasadaptedalotfromtheoriginaltext.Byliteraltranslation,theversioncouldbe“怎么解決一個(gè)難題”,whichisblandandcannotinspirepeople’sdesiretogetwhat’sthenewstalkingabout.FromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheory,thetranslationshouldfocusonthepurposeoftheversion,andthetitle’spurposeistoattractreaders.Sotheliteralversionisnotconformtotheruleofskopos,anditiscertainlynotthebesttranslationtechniqueinthisheadline.Buttheeditor’sadaptedoneismuchmoreattractive,translatingthespecialquestiontoaChinesegeneralonetolurereaderstoreadandaddingasentenceaboutthenewscontentsaying“sleeponit”.Asweknowsleepisamainwayforustorelax.So,whenreadersseethetitle,theymightwonderwhyandhowithappensandwhetheritistrueornot.Thentheymayclickthetitletofindouttheanswer.Nowwecanseetheheadlinereachesitsfunctionofattractingreaders,whichisconformedwiththeskoposrule.Andfurthermore,itismoreinlinewithChinesewritinghabits,whichmeansthetranslationabidesbythecoherenceruleatthesame.4.ConclusionDifferingfromthetraditional“conceptofequivalence”,theSkoposTheoryemphasizesthatthetranslatorshouldchoosethebestmethodstotranslateaccordingtothevariousfactorsofthecontextfromtheperspectiveoftheversion’sexpectedfunction,ratherthanfocusingonwhethertheversionisequivalenttothesourcetextorno.Inotherwords,thetranslationtechniquesthatchoseshoulddeterminedbytheexpectedpurposeorfunctionoftheversion,whichiscalledskoposrule.張沉香.功能目的理論與應(yīng)用翻譯研究[M].長沙:湖南師范大學(xué)出版社,2008.張沉香.功能目的理論與應(yīng)用翻譯研究[M].長沙:湖南師范大學(xué)出版社,2008.Thepurposeofthenewsheadlinestranslationistohelptargetreadersgetinformationfromforeigncountriesandgetknowledgeofwhathappenedinoutsiders.Whichreadersreallywanttoreadisthecontentandinformationofthesourcetitles,notthewritingstyleoftheoriginalauthor.Meanwhile,duetothediversityofreaders’cultureandtheacceptabilityofknowledge,thereadabilityoftheversionisparticularlyimportant.Therefore,inordertoensurethefunctionalityandreadabilityoftheversion,translatorsshouldconsideraboutthethinkingmodeandreadinghabitsoftargetreaderswhileensuringtheclearexpressionoftheinformationinsourcetexts.Translationmakespeoplescommunicatemorerealandprofound.Andthisisitsterminalpurpose.Ononehand,SkoposTheoryintegratesthecommunicativefunctionoflanguageintotranslation.Ontheotherhand,basedonthethreerulesofSkoposTheory,translatorsadoptvariousappropriatetechniquestoenablereaderstofeelthefeelingsandexperienceofthereadersforthesourcecountries,sothatthetargetreaderscanunderstandandrecognizethemaininformationofnewsandreports.浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 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