2022-2023學(xué)年上海市名校高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

2022-2023學(xué)年上海市名校高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

1.

TheRealCostofTravel

Masstourismisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Thetourismindustry(1)(take)offin

themiddleofthelastcenturyandit'sbeengrowingeversince.Inthelasttenyearsespecially,more

andmorepeoplehavebeentravelingtoplaces(2)wehadpreviouslyonlyreadaboutor

seenontelevision.Butwhatkindofimpactdoestourismhaveontheplanet?

Avoyagetotheendoftheearth?

Alargecruiseship(郵輪)cancarryasmanyas6,000passengersandthereareupwardsof50such

shipscurrently(3)(sail)theseas.Cruiseshipsdumpabout90,000tonsofwasteinto

theoceanseveryyear.Anyharmfuleffectsofthisaremadeevenworsebythefact(4)

cruisestendtovisitthesameplacesoverandoveragain,thusconcentratingthewasteinspecific

places.

Trashontopoftheworld

Fromremoteoceanhabitatstotheworld'shighestmountain,ourtrashiseverywhere.Thoughfar

fewerpeoplegoclimbingtheHimalayasthanonacruise,theirimpact(5)(still

feel).TourismisvitaltotheeconomyofNepal,(6)itistomanynon-industrial

countries.Butfordecades,climbershavebeenabandoningtheirunwantedequipmentonEverest.For

thelastfewyears,clean-upteamsoflocalandinternationalclimbershavebeenorganizinghiking

tripsjust(7)(pick)upthewaste.Onegrouphasbroughtovereighttonsofwastedown

fromthemountain!

Whenmoreisnotbetter

TourismofadifferentkindiscausingproblemsinEurope.ConstructionontheMediterraneancoast

hasbeen(8)controlforyears.BeachresortsformanalmostunbrokenlinefromGibraltar

toGreece,andnaturalhabitatshavedisappearedundermilesofconcrete.Andsowepollutethesea,

theland,andtheair.Low-costairtravelisbooming,inspiteof(orperhaps(9)(help)

by)economicproblems.FormanyEuropeans,low-costflightsallowthemtotakeseveralshort

vacationsayear.Yetcuriously,shortflightsactuallyhaveamuchbiggereffectonclimatechange

thanlongflights.So,arethere(10)(damaging)waysofseeingtheworld?Traveling

bytrain,forexample,isamuchgreenerwayofgettingaround.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

2.

A.buildB.preciselyC.reasonD.reinventE.relativeF.social

G.surviveH.theoreticallyI.tracesJ.transmissionK.works

Threethingsthatmakeushuman

AllspeciesonEarth,includinghumans,areunique.Yetourintelligenceandcreativitygowell

beyondthoseofanyotheranimal.Humanshavelongcommunicatedthroughlanguage,andinvented

evermorecomplextoolsthathaveenabledourspeciesto(1)anddevelop.

>Ourbrains

Withoutdoubt,thehumantrait(特征)thatsetsusapartthemostfromtheanimalkingdomisour

extraordinarybrain.Humansdon'thavethelargestbrainsintheworld—thosebelongtosperm

whales.Wedon'tevenhavethelargestbrains(2)tobodysize-manybirdshavebrainsthat

makeupmorethan8%oftheirbodyweight,comparedtoonly2.5%forhumans.Yetthehumanbrain,

whichweighsaboutthreepoundswhenfullygrown,givesustheabilityto(3)andthink

onourfeetbeyondthecapabilitiesoftherestoftheanimalkingdom.ltgaveusthe(4)of

Einstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses.

>Language

Manyspeciescommunicatewithvocalsounds.Butlanguageisaspecialformofcommunication.Full

language,withrulesforcombiningsoundsintowords,andwordsintosentences,probablyoriginated

atsomepointabout50,000yearsago.Butwewillprobablyneverknow(5)whenand

wherelanguageoriginated.Fossils,DNAevidence,comparisonswithotheranimals,andstudiesof

howlanguageschangeovertimeallprovideclues,butspokenlanguageitselfleavesfew(6)

.Itmostlikelyevolvedfromasimplerformofcommunication.Chimpanzeesuseboth

gesturesandvocalcallstocommunicatestatusandothercomplex(7)information.ltis

possiblethatourancestorsalsoexpressedthemselvesfirstwithgesturesorsimplewords,then

developedrulesforlinkingthemintosentences.

ALearningfromeachother

Ouruniquebrainsanddexterity(靈巧)ofourhandsuseoftoolspossible,butwealsorelyonthe

cultural(8)ofideas.Cultureisattheheartofbeinghuman.Weputourheadstogether,

weshareideas,andlearnfromeachother,recognizingapast,apresent,andafuture.Welearnfrom

thepast,(9)onthisinthepresent,andexpectthefuture.Withoutculture,eachnew

generationwouldbeforcedto(10)thewheel.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

OneofthepresentsinmyhousethisChristmaswasalate18th-centuryvolumeoftheEncyclopaedia

Britannica(大英百科全書(shū)).Itisawindowintothediscoveriesandthinkingofthetime.The

encyclopaediaisanentertainingreminderofhow(1)someofourcunenttruthsareboundto

be.Certaintiesinareaswehaven'tyetunderstoodwilllookjustasridiculousassomeoftheseincenturies

tocome.Andoneofthosewearestillremarkably(2)istheeffectoffoodandexerciseonour

bodies.WeYesurroundedbyconfident(3)onhowtoeat,howtoavoidorreverseobesity(月巴

胖),andyettheadviceseemspointlesswhiletheworldgetsfatter.Muchofwhatwethinkweknowisa

pileofassumptionsratherthan(4).

OurconfusionisthethemeofSpoon-Fed,abookbyoneofBritain'sleadingnutritionresearchers,Tim

SpectorofKing'sCollegeLondon.Itssubtitleis："Whyalmosteverythingwe'vebeentoldaboutfoodis

wrong."Itisacallfbrusto(5)more.

OnebyoneSpectoroffersanswerstorecentfood(6).Coffeecansaveourlives,hesays.Three

tofourcupsadayreducestheriskofheartdiseaseandmaycuttheriskofdeathby8percent.Butterdoes

notdamageourhearts,Spectorargues,andsaltisvital.Eggshavegone"fromheroestovillainsandback

again".Don'tsaynotoallredmeaton(7)grounds；occasionalsmallquantitiesofhigh-quality

unprocessedmeatprovideimportantvitaminsandironandare"probablygoodforyou".Exerciseisso

goodforlongevityandhappinessthatitshouldbeconsideredourNo1drug,buttheonethingfbrwhich

it's(8)uselessislosingweight.Vitaminpillsareamultibillion-poundindustrywithalmostno

proven(9)butwhichcancauserealharm.EvenvitaminD,whichSpectorusedtostudyand

believein,henow(10).

Spectoralsooffersmorethanasetofcurrently(11)tips.Thescienceofnutritionhasnotbeen

solvedbyhim,ashewouldbethefirsttoadmit.Hismost(12)pointisthatthereisnoonesize

thatfitsall.Ourbodiesarecomplex,andourreactionsare(13)：yetnobodywantstopayfor

theresearchthatmightexplainwhy.

Somecombinationoffoodchoices,genes,environmentandthechemicalreactionsgeneratedbyour

microbiome一theuniquemicrobe(微生物的)combinationsinourbody—yesdifferent(14)

foreachofus,leavingsomeleanandtwothirdsofustoofat.ThisistheterritorySpectorwantstoexplore

furtherandwhichmightjustallowusto(15)theglobaltrendtoobesity,withalltheriskswe've

witnessedthisyear.

1)A.well-knownB.aim-orientedC.ill-foundedD.long-lived

3.A.certainaboutB.ignorantofC.capableofD.worriedabout

4,A.decisionsB.coursesC.focusesD.suggestions

5.A.factsB.chancesC.reasonsD.features

6.A.investigateB.demandC.concentrateD.spend

7.A.suppliesB.shortagesC.standardsD.myths

8.A.cultureB.historyC.economyD.health

9.A.equallyB.practicallyC.sociallyD.impossibly

10.A.effectivenessB.consciousness

C.competitivenessD.emptiness

11.A.servesB.sharesC.recognizesD.dismisses

12.A.pointlessB.topicalC.defensibleD.additional

13.A.emotionalB.significantC.questionableD.forgivable

14.A.individualB.unpredictableC.importantD.available

15.A.changesB.outcomesC.profitsD.addicts

16.A.startB.analyzeC.stopD.reflect

D

Thelasttimethehorseseriouslycompetedwithman-madetransportforspeedwas1830,whena

stagecoachwonaraceagainstAmerica'sfirstdomesticallymanufacturedsteamlocomotive（蒸汽機(jī)車）.

Nowhorsekindhasemergedvictoriousoverwhatisintheoryafarmorepowerfulopponent一the

broadbandinternetconnection.

ThecontestoverthegentlyrollinghillsoftheSauerland,aprettydistrictinwesternGermany,startedas

ajoke.

Klaus-PeterKappest,aphotographerfromOberkirchen,hadbeenfrustratedforyearsbytheslowpaceof

hisuploads.At15megabits（比特，一種信息量單位）persecond,itsometimestakeshimseveralhours

tosendabatchofhigh-resolutionimagestohisclients.OnedayMrKappest,52,waschattingtohis

colleaguesatWoll,alocalmagazine.Hesuggestedthathewouldbebetteroffdeliveringhisphotographs

byhorse.nThatwasthemostreliablecommunicationstechnologyintheMiddleAges,"hesaid."Andthe

editorsaid,'Welllet'sdoitthen,let'sseewhichistrulyfaster."

MrKappestturnedtoJakobSchutte,ariderwholivesinthesamevillage,andFavo,hishorse.The

photographerburnt4.2GBofimagesontoaDVD,packeditintoabagandsentitoffwithFavoandMr

Schutteonthe10kmridetotheprinter'sofficeinSchmallenberg.

AtthesametimeheuploadedthedatathroughWeTransfer,apopularfile-sharingservice.Thecomputer

hada20-minuteheadstartwhileMrSchuttestartedoffdowntheroad,pastWilzenbergmountain.Favo

madethejourneyin104minutes.Thefiletransfer,however,wasnotfinisheduntilthehorsehadreturned

toOberkirchenmorethantwohourslater.Intotalittookfivehours.

Therewasaseriouspointbehindthestory.Germanyhaslongbeenknownforitspoorbroadbandand

mobileinternetcoverage,particularlyinthecountryside.Twoyearsagoareportbyanetworkregulator

foundthat29percentofinternetusersreceivedlessthanhalfthespeedtowhichtheywerecontractually

entitled.Whilethingshaveimproved,aglobalsurveycarriedoutthisyearfoundthatittookonaverage16

minutesandeightsecondstodownloada5GBfilmthroughaGermaninternetconnection-alittlebetter

thantheUKbutworsethanPuertoRicoandBarbados.

IntheSauerland,MrKappest*sarea,millionsofeuroshavebeenspentonanewnetworkbutthe

connectionshaveyettobeswitchedonindozensoftownsandvillages,includingOberkirchen.Thehorse

racediditsjob：MrKappesthassincebeenassuredthathisbroadbandwillbeupandrunningnextmonth.

17.Thestoryofastagecoachismentionedinthefirstparagraphmainlyto.

A.leadinthetopic

B.introduceanewrace

C.highlightahistoricalyear

D.correctpeople'smisunderstanding

18.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJakobSchutteandhishorse?

A.TheywerehiredbyWeTransfer.

B.TheyusedtoliveinSchmallenberg.

C.Theycompletedthetaskinlessthantwohours.

D.TheyspentfivehoursonthewaytoOberkirchen.

19.Whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofthehorserace?

A.Germanywillrealizeitspoorbroadbandservice.

B.MrKappestwillsoonhaveabetterinternetconnection.

C.MoreeuroswillbespentonthenewnetworkintheSauerland.

D.OberkirchenwillbethefirstinGermanytostopanyhorserace,

20.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Germanyfallsbehindinwificonnection

B.Historyhardlyrepeatsitselfinnormalways

C.Uploadingphotographsinamodemworldisallthateasy

D.Horsepowerstillhasanadvantageinracewithvillagewifi

E

AChinesecoinfoundinaHampshirefieldsuggeststhatmedieval（中世名己）tradebetweenEnglandand

theFarEastwasmoreextensivethanpreviouslythought,ahistorianhassaid.

ThecoinoftheNorthernSongdynastydatesfrom1008-1016,butisofatypethatremainedinwideuse

inChinaforseveralhundredyears.

ItisthesecondChinesecoinfoundinamedievalcontextinEnglandandexpertssaidthatitsdiscovery

addedweighttotheideathatthetwocoinsweregenuinemedievallossesandnotdroppedbymodern

collectors.

ThecoinwasfoundbyadetectoristnearPetersfieldandabout20milesfromtheonlyotherChinesework

ofartfrommedievalEngland：apieceofblueandwhiteporcelain（瓷器）fromasmallcuporbowl,

whichcouldbeplacedinWinchesterinthe14thcentury.

CaitlinGreen,ahistorianattheUniversityofCambridge,suggestedinablogthatthecoinmighthave

beenbroughttoEnglandataboutthesametimeastheporcelain.

ShesaidthefindsofthiscoinandanotherNorthernSongdynastycoinof1066-77,unearthedinCheshire,

suggesttheWinchesterporcelainmayhavebeenpartoftheobjectsfromtheFarEastinthe14thcentury

ratherthanaone-off.ThiswascenturiesbeforeimportsofChinesegoodsbecamewidespreadinthe1600s,

butaboutthesametimeasChinesepotteryisknowntohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

ThehistoryofChinesegoodsinBritaingoesbackfurther,however,withrichRomanBritonsknownto

haveboughtChinesesilk.

DrGreensaidthatgoodsfromChinawouldhavereachedEnglandoverseveralstagesbywayofthe

MiddleEastandItaly.

21.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthetwoChinesecoinsmentionedinthepassage?

A.Theywereunearthedatthesamesite.

B.TheywerebelievedtohavearrivedatEnglandinthe1300s.

C.TheywerefoundtohavebeenownedbyroyalsinFranceandItaly.

D.Theyweredroppedbymodemcollectors.

22.Theword"one-off'(paragraph6)mostprobablymeans.

A.somethingthatdoesn'thappenregularly

B.somethingthatdoesn'thappenonlyonce

C.somethingthathappensonasmallscale

D.somethingthathappensunexpected

23.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chinesecoinhintsatvastmedievaltraderoute

B.CoinsandwhiteporcelaintracebacktoancientChina

C.ChinesesilkpointsatalastingEngland-Chinarelationship

D.HistoryofChinesegoodsinBritainhasbeenredefined

F

Ourlivesaremadeupofhuman-machineinteractions—withsmartphones,televisions,

computers-thathavethepowertodelightand,often,frustrate.Intothisareahassteppedanewclass

ofprofessional：theuser-experience,orUX,designer,whosejobistoseeaproductnotfroman

engineer's,marketer's,orlegaldepartment'sperspectivebutfromtheviewpointoftheuseralone.And

toinsistthatthecustomershouldnothavetolearntospeakthecompany*sinternallanguage.The

companyshouldlearntospeakthecustomer's.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,theroleofUXdesignershasbecomeafixtureonthoseyear-end

"hottestjob"lists.IfyouwanttostudyUX,younowhavetheoptionatsomethreedozeninstitutions

intheUnitedStates,includingCarnegieMellonandtheUniversityofWashington.ButFordisoneof

thefewmajorindustrialcompaniesintheU.S.toputaUXexpert,JimHackett,incharge.

Atpresent,thequestionfacingthecarindustryisbasicallywhetherhigh-techgiantssuchasTeslaand

Googlecanlearncar-makingtechnologytrainsfasterthanFord,GM,andothercarmakerscanlearn

softwareandalgorithms.ButHackettreflectsFord'sbetthatthewinnerwon'tbethebestchassis。氐

盤(pán))makerorsoftwaremaker,butthecompanythatnailstheinteractionbetweenmanandmachine.

"OneofthethingsthatdrewmetoJimwashiscommitmenttodesignthinking,whichputsthehuman

beingatthecenteroftheequation,"explainedBillFord,thecompany'sexecutivechairman.

HackettretiredfromSteelcase,afurnituremaker,in2014andin2016,BillFordhiredhimtorun

theautomaker'sSmartMobilitysubsidiary,whichwastaskedwithrethinkingfromthegroundup

howcarswouldbedriven,powered,andowned.''Thisiswhatwecallthedesigngap,'*saidHackett

inaninterview,pointingtothespacebetweentwolinesonagraphhe'ddrawnonawhiteboard.One

lineclimbsup—thisisacompany'sskillatmakingthings,whichgoesupovertime.Belowitisa

downwardline,representingacompany*sunderstandingofthecustomer'sexperience.This,hesaid,

candeclineovertime,asacompanylosessightoftheproblemsit'sinthebusinessofsolving.The

designgapmaybenoticeablewhenthejobis,say,buildingamarginallybettertailgatefortheFord

F-150.Butitbecomespositivelyyawningwhenyourindustryissothoroughlyturnedonitsheadthat

you'reforcedtoasksomebasicquestions：Dopeoplewanttoowntheircarsorsharethem?Drive

themorhavethemdriven?Thefloodofnewtechnologiesmakeseverythingpossible.

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesaUXdesigner'sresponsibility?

A.Heisdevotedtodesigninginnovativeproducts.

B.Heisdevotedtomakingaproductsatisfyusers1needs.

C.Heisdevotedtoimprovingacompany'sinternallanguage.

D.Heisdevotedtounderstandinghuman-machineinteractions.

25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.UXdesignersareregardedasoneofthosebest-paidjobs.

B.High-techgiantshavetakentheleadincarmanufacturing.

C.Companiesarelayinggreateremphasisoncustomers1feelings.

D.TheUXcoursesprovidedbytheUSinstitutionsarefarfromenough,

26.FordhiresJimHackettbecausethecompanybelievesthat.

A.itiscurrentlyfacingthebiggestchallengethatneedsanewperspective

B.Hackett'sdesignthinkingisquitedifferentfromotherUXprofessionals

C.customers1experienceplaysadecisiveroleinthecar-makingcompetition

D.SteelcasegaveHackettenoughtimeandexperiencetogrowupintoanexpert

27.WhatisJimHackettmostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Fordshouldpaylessattentiontonewtechnologies.

B.Fordhaslongbeenignoringcustomers'experience.

C.Fordisnolongeraleadingcompanyinautomakingskills.

D.FordhasmadeawrongdecisiontobuildatailgatefortheF-150.

A.ButthecontentoftheCubeissowidethatitcanbeasymboloflogicalthinking,a

wayoflife.

B.Eventuallyhecameupwithasix-sidedstructurewithnineinterlockingcubesoneach

side.

C.Hismomentofinspii'ationcameinthespringof1974.

D.IamforcedtoadmitthatIhaven*tsolvedityet.

E.RubikwasbomtowardstheendoftheSecondWorldWartoanaircraftengineer

fatherandapoetmother.

F.ThefollowingyearhewasofferedthechancetotakehisinventiontoatoyfairinNew

York.

TheCubehashisownvoice1

IarriveattheSzepilonaBisztro,onaleafyroadonthe"Buda"sideofBudapest,holdingaRubik's

Cubeandsearchingforthemanwhohadcreateditalmost50yearsago.Ifeelunworthytohavelunch

withEmoRubik,nottheleastreasonofwhichisbecausetheCubeIamholdinghasneverbeen

solved.

Rubikanivespunctually.He'sbeencomingtothisrestaurantsincethelate1960s,whenhewasa

graduatestudent,beforehehadinventedoneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulpuzzles-acubewith43

quintillioncombinations,onlyoneofwhichiscoiTect.

(1)Atthattime,Rubikwaslivinginhisfamily'sapartmentonagrandavenueonthe

"Pest1'sideofthecity.Hewasaprofessorofarchitecture,buthisroomwas"likeachild'spocket,

fullofmarblesandtreasures11.

Inanattempttohelpstudentsunderstandthree-dimensionalproblems,hetriedtobuildasetofcubes

thatstayedtogetherbutcouldalsomoveindependently.(2)Hepaintedeachsideadifferent

colour.Butafterhehadtwistedit,herealisedthathecouldnoteasilyreturnittoitsoriginalstate.

"Itwasamoredifficulttasktofindasystemtosolveitthanithadbeentocreatethethingitself71he

says.Intheend,ittookhimamonth.Andsolvingitgavehima"happyfeelingoffreedom'1,hesaid

atthetiine.TheRubik'sCubewasborn,andtodatemorethan450millionhavebeensold,thecraze

reachingitspeakintheearly1980s.

Rubikwas29whenhe"discovered"theCubein1974.By1979,Rubikhadsold300,000.(3)

Fromthere,itspreadacrosstheworld,withsome100Rubik'sCubesbeingsoldinonlythree

years.

"Ican'timaginetherebeingahighertypeforitthantherehadbeeninthe’80s,"hesays.Hemotions

tomyCube.(4)RubikcomfortsmewithaJapanesesloganfromthe1980s,coinedfora

game："aminutetolearnandalifetimetomaster".

28.A.AB.BC.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

29.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

30.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

31.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

32.Smalltalk

Smalltalkisoftenthoughtofasunimportant,orperhapsworse,asubstituteforrealspeechand

thoughtincommonopinion.Nevertheless,researchsuggeststheywillbenefit.

Onereasonforsmalltalk'sbadreputationisthatittends,forobviousreasons,toaimforthelowest

commondenominator(分母).Inritualizeddialogue,littleinformationisexchanged.uHello"signals

nothingatall."Howareyou?”rarelygetsafullyhonestanswer.

However,linguistscallthatcrucialhello,talkphatic(交流情感的)BronislawMalinowski,

whocoinedtheterminthe1920s；explainedthatinphatictalktiesofunionarecreatedbyamere

exchangeofwords."Ifyouknowliterallynothingaboutsomeoneyoucanstillsafelypresumethey

prefersuntorain,andbegintoestablishaconnectiononthatbasis.Ifyourbusortrainissuddenly

stuck,anevenbetteropportunityarises.Youcanbesureyourfellowpassengersarenothappyabout

it,andasharedgrousingsessionmakesthem-andyou-feellessalonewithyourinconvenience.

Atwork,smalltalkmayseemadistractionfromwhatemployeesarepaidtodo.Butthereisa

spectrumbetweenemptytalk("Hello1'),socialtalk("Howwasyourholiday?”),socialtalk

relevanttowork("IsSarahstillonholiday?")andpurebusinesstalk("HasSarahfinishedthat

report?"）.AstudyofgovernmentdepartmentsinNewZealandbyJanetHolmesshowshow

frequentlypeopleswitchbetweenthosemodes,eveninbriefconversations.Thatsuggestsafunction

beyondfillingawkwardgaps.Amongotherthings,suchchattercanbondequalstogetherinashared

task.Shealsofindsthatbossesaremorelikelytoinitiatesmalltalkswithsubordinatesthantheother

round（aswellastocutitoff）.Thisisbecause,evenwithoutbeingtold,agoodmanagerrealises

thatitcansoftenafollowinginstruction.

33.這家咖啡館讓我想起了二十世紀(jì)五六十年代的茶館。（remind）（漢譯英）

34.最大挑戰(zhàn)可能在于如何重塑員工對(duì)公司的信心。（lie）（漢譯英）

35.這位教練既對(duì)孩子們要求嚴(yán)格，也不遺余力地呵護(hù)著他們對(duì)足球的熱愛(ài)。（effort）（漢

譯英）______

36.50年前，這里還是人跡罕至的海灘，與今天的游人如織迥然不同。（contrast）（漢譯

英）______

37.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李明，最近收到英國(guó)筆友Mike的郵件。在郵件中，他提到

自己因?yàn)閯倎?lái)上海讀大學(xué)，生活（如飲食和同學(xué)交流）和學(xué)習(xí)（如中文授課）上都不太習(xí)慣。

回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容須包括：

1）你的建議；

2）你的理由。

（1）

⑵

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小題1】took

【小題2】which/that

【小題3】sailing

【小題4]that

【小題5]isstillfelt

【小題6]as

【小題7]topick

【小題8】outof

【小題9]helped

【小題10]lessdamaging

【解析】(1)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：旅游業(yè)從上個(gè)世紀(jì)中葉開(kāi)始騰飛，此后一直在增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)

inthemiddleofthelastcenlury可知，本句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故

填tooko

(2)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：特別是在過(guò)去的十年里，越來(lái)越多的人去了我們以前只在電視上讀到

或看到的地方旅行。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是places指物，且從句中缺少

賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。

(3)考直現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：一艘大型游輪可以搭載多達(dá)6000名乘客，目前有超過(guò)50艘這樣的船

在海上航行。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，又因?yàn)閟ail和ships之間是主動(dòng)

關(guān)系，所以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞。故填sailing。

(4)考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：由于郵輪往往一遍又一遍地訪問(wèn)相同的地方，從而將廢物集中在特

定的地方，這一事實(shí)使任何有害影響變得更加嚴(yán)重。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)再根據(jù)抽象名詞fact可知，空

格后是同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明fact的具體內(nèi)容，且從句中不缺成分，所以用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故填that。

(5)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：盡管攀登喜馬拉雅山的人遠(yuǎn)少于乘船游覽的人，但人們?nèi)阅?/p>

感受到它們的影響。分析句意可知，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞feel和主句主語(yǔ)impact之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且時(shí)

態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)抽象概念，所以be動(dòng)詞用is。故填

isstillfelto

(6)考查連詞。句意：旅游業(yè)對(duì)尼泊爾的經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要，就像它對(duì)許多非工業(yè)國(guó)家一樣。分析句

意可知，此處用連詞as表示"正如、像……一樣”符合語(yǔ)境，引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。故填as。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：在過(guò)去的幾年里，當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)際登山者組成的清理小組一直在組織徒

步旅行，只是為了收集垃圾。分析句意可知，此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故填topick。

（8）考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：多年來(lái)，地中海沿岸的建設(shè)已經(jīng)失去控制。分析句意可知，此處用固

定短語(yǔ)outofconlrol表示"失控"符合語(yǔ)境。故填outof。

（9）考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：低成本航空旅行正在蓬勃發(fā)展，盡管有經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，或者可能受到經(jīng)濟(jì)

問(wèn)題的幫助。help非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，分析句意再根據(jù)空格后表被動(dòng)的by可知，此處用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。

故填helped,

（10）考查比較級(jí)。句意：那么，有沒(méi)有不那么有害的看待世界的方式呢？分析句意可知，此處

應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式表示“危害較小"，又因?yàn)閐amaging是多音節(jié)形容詞，所以用less構(gòu)成

比較級(jí)，lessdamaging作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞ways。故填lessdamaging.

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了旅游業(yè)對(duì)地球環(huán)境的影響。

語(yǔ)法填空考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合知識(shí)的運(yùn)用，做題時(shí)要首先明確短文大意，從詞語(yǔ)搭配，固定句型，

語(yǔ)法，時(shí)態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境找出正確答案。

2.【答案】【小題1】G

【小題2】E

【小題3】C

【小題4】K

【小題5】B

【小題6]I

【小題7】F

【小題8]J

【小題9】A

[小題10]D

【解析】（1）考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人類一直通過(guò)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流，并發(fā)明了更復(fù)雜

的工具，使我們的物種得以生存和發(fā)展。結(jié)合句意表示"生存”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞survive,此處為短語(yǔ)enable

sb.todosth.故填surviveo故選G。

（2）考查形容詞。句意：我們的大腦與身體的比例甚至不是最大的一許多鳥(niǎo)類的大腦占其體重的

8%以上，而人類的這一比例僅為2.5%。結(jié)合句意表示"相對(duì)于"可知短語(yǔ)為relativeto。故填relative。

故選E。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：然而，人類的大腦在完全發(fā)育時(shí)重約3磅，它賦予我們推理和思考

的能力，這是動(dòng)物界其他動(dòng)物所無(wú)法比擬的。結(jié)合句意表示"推理”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞reason,此處為

不定式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞ability。故填reason。故選C。

（4）考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它給了我們愛(ài)因斯坦、莫扎特和許多其他天才的作品。作賓語(yǔ)，

表示"作品"，結(jié)合后文ofEinstein,Mozartandmanyothergeniuses可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞works。故填

workso故選K?

（5）考查副詞。句意：但我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法確切地知道語(yǔ)言起源于何時(shí)何地。修飾動(dòng)詞know,

結(jié)合句意表示“確切地"應(yīng)用副詞precisely,故填precisely。故選B。

（6）考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：化石、DNA證據(jù)、與其他動(dòng)物的比較以及對(duì)語(yǔ)言如何隨時(shí)間

變化的研究都提供了線索，但口語(yǔ)本身幾乎沒(méi)有留下痕跡。作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示"痕跡"應(yīng)用名

詞trace,few修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填traces。故選I。

（7）考查形容詞。句意：黑猩猩用手勢(shì)和聲音來(lái)交流地位和其他復(fù)雜的社會(huì)信息。作定語(yǔ)，結(jié)合

句意表示“社會(huì)"應(yīng)用