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初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初中英語語法例題解析初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初中英語語法例題解析/初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)初中英語語法例題解析初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),初中英語語法例題解析一、冠詞:冠詞用在名詞的前面,有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a;an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”,譯作“這(那)個(gè)”;不定冠詞表示“泛指”,譯作“一個(gè)”。例題解析:()_____ladyoverthereis_____universityteacher.A)A,the B)The,an C)The,a D)The,the“overthere”意為“那邊的”,是后置定語,它表示前面名詞“l(fā)ady”(女士)是“確指”的說法,因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”,是泛指的說法,因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”,因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Heprefersplaying_____pianotoplaying_____hockey.A)the,the B)the,/ C)/,/ D)/,the“piano”意為“鋼琴”,屬于樂器,要求前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”,屬于球類活動(dòng),要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()Mr.Blackwasmade_____managerofourcompany.A)/ B)a C)an D)the“manager”表示被選的職位,前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。此外,冠詞還有許多特殊的用法:1.由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前,要加定冠詞,如:theGreatWall(長(zhǎng)城)2.在拼音名詞前,一般不加任何冠詞,如:ThomasGreen;ChangfengPark3.在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名詞,也要加定冠詞“the”,如:theDongtingLake4.一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a(chǎn)’;復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來表示“泛指”的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Thereis_____“u”in_____word“uniform.”.A)an,a B)an,the C)a,a D)a,the()2._____signherestandsfor_____mistake.A)A,a B)A,the C)The,a D)The,the()3.WemadeJoyce_____monitor____herexperience.A)a,because B)the,because C)/,becauseof D)the,becauseof()4.TwomonthsagoMr.Greenwrote____articleonShanghaiInternationalArtFestival.A)the B)an C)a D)/()5.Q:IsMr.White_____teacherofyourschool?A:Yes._____teacherisfromAustralia.A)a,A B)a,The C)the,The D)the,A()6.Paulis_____Europeanstudent.Helikestostudy_____historyofChina.A)a,the B)a,/ C)an,the D)an,/()7.Thisis_____honey.Asweallknow,_____honeyissweet.A)/,the B)/,/ C)the,/ D)the,the()8.Theydidn'tcatchthelasttrainbecauseof_____.A)someheavytraffics B)anyheavytrafficC)heavytraffic D)aheavytraffic()9.Itwon'ttakelong,it'sonly_____walk.A)ten-minutes B)tenminutes' C)tenminutes D)ten-minute's二、名詞:名詞表示人或物體的名稱,有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter;Party)、集合名詞(family,class,police)、縮寫名詞(SARS,CEO,WTO)……等??傮w上說,它們可以分成兩大類;即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓@}解析:()Hisgrandfatheris_____.A)RobertBobB)TomBlackC)KateWhiteD)BlackGreen英語中,人的姓名排列是倒過來的;先是名,即“firstname”,后為姓,即“secondname”,也可叫做“familyname”或“surname”。做這類題目,必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字,哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏,名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說的是“爺爺”,是男名,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()_____areplayingtennisintheplayground.A)TheBrownsB)TheBrown'sC)BrownsD)Brown's英語中,姓氏前加定冠詞“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()Becareful.Thereisa_____holeintheground.A)two-foot-deep B)two-feet-deep C)two-footdeep D)two-feetdeep這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式,在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞,因此,在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中,“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“atwo-foot-deephole”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()He’sgotbadtoothache.He’dbettergoto_____.A)dentist B)thedentist C)thedentist’s D)seethedentists“去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“gotoseethedentist”或“gotothedentist’s”。后一個(gè)詞語中的“thedentist’s”表示“thedentist’sclinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()The_____teacherswonderedifthe_____studentswereintrouble.A)woman,boy B)woman,boys C)women,boy D)women,boys英語中,“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“womenteachers”,而“男學(xué)生們”應(yīng)該譯為“boystudents”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()_____camethatHoustonRocketwonagainandYaoMinggotthemostscores.A)Anews B)Message C)Word D)Words“據(jù)說”在英語中有多種說法:“Itwassaidthat”、“Wordcamethat”、“Newscamethat”、“Amessagecamethat”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Allofasudden,somethingonthegroundcaught_____.A)hiseye B)hiseyes C)hisowneyes D)eyesofhisown“catchone’seye”是固定詞組,意為“引起某人注意”;即“benoticedbysb.”。此句中,“eye”是“視線”之意,由“eyesight”演變而來。隨著語言的發(fā)展,一些詞語會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變,大致上都是朝“簡(jiǎn)單化”方向發(fā)展,如:“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、“campsite”→“camp”、“inthedaytime”→“intheday”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()Theladywithlong_____foundherhusbandhadalreadygotthreegray_____.A)hair,hair B)hair,hairs C)hairs,hair D)hairs,hair要掌握英語中哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì),要靠具體說法來判別。如這道題中的“hair”(頭發(fā))就是這類詞。前半句說的是“一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)”,是不可數(shù)名詞;后半句說的是“三根白發(fā)”,是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Hehasgot_____totellyou.A)agoodnews B)somenewsC)alotnewsD)manynews()2.It’sseveno’clock._____aresittingattable.A)Mr.Greens B)TheGreen's C)TheGreens D)Greens()3.Yourbrotheristhesame______mine.A)oldas B)ageas C)oldlike D)agelike()4.Ourbodiesneedfoodtogiveus______.A)health B)strong C)energy D)taste()5.Alemonisthesame______asabanana.A)yellow B)colour C)fresh D)sweet()6.Whatkindof______doyoulikebest?A)watermelon B)thewatermelonC)awatermelon D)watermelons()7.Lookatthismagazine.Let’sdothe______abouteatinghabits.A)quiz B)list C)cooking D)dinner三、代詞:代詞是名詞的代用詞,有指示代詞(this,those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I,me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either,others,anything,nobody)。其中,不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中,它們的變化和要求都不一樣,這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí),不能掉以輕心。例題解析:()Wouldyoupleasegive_____?A)himit B)ithim C)tohimit D)ittohim英語中,當(dāng)直接賓語(人)與間接賓語(物)都用人稱代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(物)后講直接賓語(人),而且要在直接賓語(人)前加上介詞“to”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Shealwaysthinksof_____morethan_____.A)others,her B)theothers,she C)others,herself D)theothers,herself在英語中,“別人”屬于“泛指”,應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語。由于這里的“她”與主語的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語,要用反身代詞作賓語才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Somepeoplelikewatchingthesportsnews,_____preferTVseries.A)theothers B)theother C)others D)another在英語中,“一些……,另一些……”有兩種譯法:“Some…,theothers…”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況,而“Some…,others…”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息,而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”,顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Thelightintheroomwastoopoorfor_____toseeitclearly.A)everyone B)someone C)anyone D)none英語中,“too…to”意為“太……而不能”,具有否定的含義。因此,“forsb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()_____thefuelhereisfromforeigncountries,sowemustmakefulluseofit.A)Some B)Much C)Themostof D)Mostof帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前,應(yīng)該用代詞詞組:“someof”(意為“其中一些”)、“muchof”(意為“其中許多”)、“mostof”(意為“其中大多數(shù)”)……等。“themoseof”(意為“其中最多的”)在本句中的譯法欠妥,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()CanyoucallonmymotheronSaturdayorSunday?I’mafraid_____dayispossibleA)either B)each C)both D)neither在英語中,有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語說法:“both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neither”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“noone”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意,答句應(yīng)該是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Therearethreebathroomsinthehouse.Oneisupstairs,_____twoaredownstairs.A)other B)theother C)others D)theothers在英語中,“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種:“theothertwo”、“theothers”、“therest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室,“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)該是“確指”的,因此,必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”,因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()ThedishesonTableOnearemuchfewerthan_____onTableTwo.A)that B)those C)dishes D)/要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性:這句是“thedishesonTableOne”(一桌上的菜)和“thedishesonTableTwo”(二桌上的菜)作比較,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?!皌hat”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù),因此,要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()Therearemorepeopleinthisroomthan_____inthatone.A)that B)those C)people D)/要注意在“Thereis…”或“Thereare…”的比較級(jí)句型中,習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Showyourwatch______me.______isslow.A)to,Mine B)to,My C)for,Mine D)for,My()2.______doyoulike______,thesummerholidaysorthewinterholidays?A)What,better B)What,best C)Which,better D)Which,best()3.Shewrotealetterandenclosedaphotoof_____takeninherhousingestate.A)herself B)her C)her’s D)myself()4.ShetoldJack,Tomandmeto_____among_____.A)talkitover,us B)talkoverit,usC)talkitover,ourselves D)talkoverit,ourselves()5.I’lldoitbymyself.Iwon’tneed_____help.A)anyone’selse B)anyoneelse’s C)anyoneothers’ D)otheranyone’s()6.Iheard_____untilmyfriendtoldmeaboutit.A)everything B)something C)nothing D)anything()7.Wouldyoulike_____morebread,Jack?A)any B)another C)little D)alittle()8.Onlyonestudentgottherightanswer.But_____didn’t.A)theother B)another C)others D)therest()9.Hedoesn'tthink_____ofthemwillgotherewithyou.A)none B)some C)many D)much()10.Thefilmisdulland_____peoplelikeit.A)afew B)few C)alittle D)little()11.Haveyouall_____?A)gotreadyeverything B)goteverythingreadyforC)goteverythingready D)gotreadyforeverything()12.Help_____tosomesweets,everyone.A)yourselves B)yourown C)yourself D)byyourself()13.Hehassixuncles.Fiveofthemaredoctorsand_____isadriver.A)another B)thesixth C)other D)theother()14.Believeornot,Ididitallby_______.A)me B)us C)myselfD)ourselves()15.A:Arethesetwobooksyours?B:No,_____ofthemismine.A)either B)none C)bothD)neither()16.Neitherofthetwins_____thetoytrain.A)like B)likes C)islike D)arelike四、數(shù)詞:數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分:基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念;序數(shù)詞表示順序概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓?。例題解析:()About_____studentswenttothepictureshowthatday.A)hundredsof B)twohundreds C)twohundredof D)twohundred“about”意為“大約”,是指具體數(shù)量,因此,不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語“hundredsof”(意為“成百個(gè)”)。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí),英語中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒有定冠詞“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介詞“of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()_____of_____ClassFourstudentshavejoinedthesinginggroup.A)Three-fifths,the B)Three-fifth,the C)Three-fifths,/ D)Three-fifth,/英語中,“幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞,中間用短橫“–”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組,即意為“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名詞“students”必定是“確指”的,要加定冠詞“the”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“ClassFour”就不敢加定冠詞“the”,要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣,“theEnglishlanguage”詞語的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.JohnhastwelvecoinsandJoanhas_____ones,threetimesasmanyasJohn.A)thirteen B)fifteen C)thirty-six D)forty-eight()2.Thepostcodeusedinourneighbourhoodis_____.A)56348574 B)200333 C)aquarter D)adozen()3.Todayisherbrother’sbirthday._____ison_____.A)She,fifthofMayB)She,Mayfifth C)Hers,Mayfifth D)Hers,Maythefifth()4._____ofthestudentsgotoschoolbybike.A)Two-three B)Two-thirds C)Two-threes D)Two-third()5.Thereareabout_____seatsinthehall.A)twohundreds B)twohundred C)hundredsof D)twohundredof()6.A:Howoftenshouldwepublishthepaper?B:_____.A)Inoneweek’stime B)Onceamonth C)Aftertwoweeks D)Forhalfamonth()7.About_____thestudentswenttotheScienceMuseumlastThursday.A)hundredsof B)twohundredC)twohundredofD)twohundreds五、介詞:介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)使用,后面要跟名詞、人稱代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,搭配不同的介詞,可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來,而且在不同場(chǎng)合所用介詞也各不相同。因此,介詞的用法是比較復(fù)雜的,要求我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下,才能選對(duì)正確的介詞。例題解析:()Mr.BrownflewtoWashington_____thenightbeforelast. A)in B)on C)at D)/在表達(dá)某一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。但是本句是表達(dá)“在前天的夜里”,與“在前天”(thedaybeforeyesterday)相仿,前面不該用任何介詞,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Theschoolgateis______thenorthoftheclassroombuilding.A)in B)to C)on D)at在英語中,表達(dá)“東、南、西、北”的方位介詞常見有三個(gè):表示在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí),用介詞“in”。如:Theplaygroundisinthesouthoftheschool.(操場(chǎng)在學(xué)校的南面。)表示在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。如:Room203isonthewestofRoom205.(203室在205室的西面。)表示在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“to”。如:ShanghaiistotheeastofNanjing.(上海在南京的東面。)本題的“校門”在“教學(xué)大樓”的北面,應(yīng)該用介詞“to”,所以答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()You’llgetonethousanddollars_____.A)afterall B)atall C)inall D)alltogether“afterall”意為“到底”、“畢竟”、“終于”;“atall”通常與“not”連用,意為“完全不”、“一點(diǎn)也不”;“inall”通常用于數(shù)量詞后面,意為“總共”,同義詞是“altogether”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Thisbuscanrun_____70milesanhour.A)for B)with C)at D)in在表示“速度”、“溫度”、“價(jià)格”意思時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“at”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()It’ssaidhestayedtherequietly_____twoo’clockthatafternoon. A)on B)at C)until D)by“attwoo’clockthatafternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”;“bytwoo’clockthatafternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去完成時(shí)”;“untiltwoo’clockthatafternoon”意為“直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“一般過去時(shí)”。本句中“stay”是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,因此可用“until”句型;如果句中謂語是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話,就應(yīng)該用“not…until”句型了。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Tomdidn’tattendthelectureyesterdayevening_____hisillness.A)as B)for C)because D)becauseof在本句中,“因?yàn)樯 笔且粋€(gè)詞語,而不是原因狀語從句,因此,不能選連詞“as”、“for”或“because”來連接,而要用介詞詞組“becauseof”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Nowit’squiteimportant_____ustomakefulluseoftime.A)for B)to C)of D)with“It’simportanttosb.”(意為“它對(duì)某人來說很重要”)是詞語搭配,“It’s…forsb.todo…”(意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是怎樣的”)是句型。當(dāng)兩者交叉、重疊使用時(shí),詞語要讓位于句型。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。同樣,“Ilikeitsomuchthat…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也屬于這種類型的表達(dá)方式。()It’snice_____youtogettheticket_____F1.It’ssaidthecar-raceisveryexciting.A)of,for B)for,for C)of,of D)for,of這句是“It’s…ofsb.todo”句型,意為“某人真是怎么樣,做了某事”。后半句中“ticketfor”是固定詞語,意為“什么內(nèi)容的票子”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Youcandrawit______paintsandbrushes.A)by B)with C)in D)use()2.Whatdidyouhave______breakfast?A)as B)with C)about D)for()3.Thepolice_____helpingtomakeourcityasafeplacetoliveandwork_____.A)is,in B)are,in C)is,/ D)are,/()4.I’vegotthreequestion_____youtothinkabout.A)of B)for C)give D)toshow()5.Wecanaskpeople_____theFestivaltodothequiz.A)in B)on C)at D)for()6.Whathappenswhenweputsomesugar_____aglassofwarmwater?A)on B)off C)out D)into()7._____theyarrivedatthevillageafterall.A)Attheend B)Intheend C)Last D)Attentively()8.Theclassteacherwassent_____Christmascards_____someofthestudents.A)to,by B)/,by C)to,from D)/,to()9.Q:Whatisthatfilm_____?A:It’sasciencefilm.A)like B)about C)on D)for()10.Whynotaskyourfriend_____someadviceifyou’rereallyintrouble?A)offer B)togive C)to D)for()11.Thebeautifulhouseis_____sale.Butitwon’tbe_____sale.A)on,for B)for,on C)with,for D)with,on()12.Theweatherherewas_____coldlastweek.A)akind B)akindof C)kindof D)kindsof()13.Thesinginggroupismade_____fourhandsomelads.A)of B)from C)upof D)upfrom()14.Something_____wrong_____mywatch,I'mafraid.A)is,with B)is,in C)are,with D)are,in()15.There_____amanandtwowomen_____thepicture.A)is,on B)are,in C)are,on D)is,in()16.Marydoesn’tknowwhatliesahead._____,she’sonly12.A)AtallB)InallC)AfterallD)Forall()17.Shouldwe_____thepostage_____theparcelbyourselves?A)pay,on B)pay,of C)payfor,on D)payfor,of()18.Alice_____herservicetothepublic.A)wasawardedtheprizefor B)wasdeservedtogettheprizeforC)wasproudfor D)waspleasedfor六.動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和幾種變化形式八種時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理)do;doesam;is;aredone一般過去時(shí)(過去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)did;-edwas;weredone一般將來時(shí)(將要發(fā)生的事)willdowillbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事)am;is;aredoingam;is;arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事)was;weredoingwas;werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(過去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)have;hasdonehave;hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)(過去完成的事;過去以前發(fā)生的事)haddonehadbeendone過去將來時(shí)(過去將要發(fā)生的事)woulddowouldbedone**************不定式:do;notdo;todo;nottodo命令式:do;don'tdo現(xiàn)在分詞:doing動(dòng)名詞:doing過去分詞:done例題解析:()Look.Mary_____anicedog.She_____itjustnow.A)hasdrawn,drew B)drew,hasdrawn C)isdrawing,drew D)isdrawing,hasdrawn在“Look”、“It’sevening”、“Whereissb.…?”等句子后面,可能要用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”,也有可能要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。反正,要根據(jù)具體情況來具體分析,考慮問題一定要從整體情況著眼。本題后半句“justnow”意為“剛才”,很明顯要用“一般過去時(shí)”,因此前句如用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”就不妥,造成句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()Thiskindoffridge_____verywell.A)sellB)sellsC)aresold D)issold在英語中,表達(dá)某物銷路不錯(cuò),要用表示“特點(diǎn)”的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,而不能用“被賣”這種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。由于本句主語“thiskindoffridge”是單數(shù)第三人稱,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()What_____Mr.Smith?Helooksworriedsomuch.A)happenswith B)happensto C)happenedwith D)happenedto在英語中,“發(fā)生”通??勺g為“happened”或“tookplace”,要注意它不能變“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。本題之意是“史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事?他顯得很焦慮?!币虼?,“發(fā)生”不能用表示經(jīng)常行為的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,應(yīng)該用“一般過去時(shí)”的“happenedtosb.”固定詞組來表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Mary:ShallItellMichaelaboutthenews?Jack:No,you__________.He’salreadyknownit.A)can’t B) mustn’t C)needn’t D)don’t本題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的正確回答。在“MustIdo…?”、“ShallIdo…?”、“Wouldyoulikemetodo…?”問句后面都可以用“No,youneedn’t.”(不必要)來回答。本題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)該選此回答為妥。所以答案應(yīng)該選“C”。在“MayI…?”問句后面,通常有以下幾種否定回答:1.No,youmustn’t.2.No,youmaynot.3.Sorry,youcan’t.4.I’mafraidyoucan’t.5.No,youcan’t.()_____clothesareusually_____nearafireinwinter.A)Washed,hung B)Washed,hanged C)Washing,hung D)Washing,hanged“washed”意為“被洗過的”,可以修飾“衣服”;“washing”意為“正在洗的”,它該修飾人、不該修飾“衣服”。后句意為“被掛在火爐旁”,該用過去分詞“hung”才對(duì)。“hanged”也是“hang”的過去分詞,但是它的意思是“被絞死”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()Thebook_____byme.I_____ittoafriendofmine.A)iswritten,sent B)iswritten,havesentC)waswritten,sent D)waswritten,havesent“書是被某人寫的”、“書是在某地方被寫的”都是表示發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作,該用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如過說“書是被用英語寫的”,那就是指書的特點(diǎn)了,就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。后半句意為“我把它寄給朋友了”是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去寄的,不該用一般過去時(shí),而該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這種類型的時(shí)態(tài),學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò),千萬要注意。英語中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒有時(shí)間狀語的句子都用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()Mr.Jackson_____thecityquitewellsincehe_____inthecityforacoupleofyears.A)knows,was B)hasknown,was C)knows,hasbeen D)hasknown,hasbeen本句中的“since”不是“自從”之意,因此,前半句與后半句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”和“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的“since”意為“由于”,與“as”近義。根據(jù)句意,“熟悉城市”是表示杰克遜先生的“特點(diǎn)”,要用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表達(dá);“他來到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了”是表示到現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況,要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()Couldyoutellme_____?A)howtodoit B)whydoit C)howtodo D)whattodoit由于“do”通常用作與物動(dòng)詞,因此要注意它有否賓語。要避免“C”的沒有賓語和“D”的重疊賓語的錯(cuò)誤?!癇”是不定式遺漏了“to”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。關(guān)于“do”的這種特點(diǎn)很重要,為了熟記它,可以背一句口訣:“howtodoit,whattodo”。()Englishishisfavouritesubject.Hecan_____itveryfluently.A)say B)talk C)speak D)tell由于后句“it”指的是“English”,因此要用動(dòng)詞“speak”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”?!皌alk”是不與物動(dòng)詞,后面不跟賓語?!皊peak”既可作不與物動(dòng)詞用,也可作與物動(dòng)詞,賓語只能是語言?!皌ell”的賓語有限;有“astory”、“thedifference”、“thetruth”、“alie”、“thetime”等?!皊ay”可跟的賓語最多,不再一一例舉。由此句我們得到啟示;即我們?cè)谧隽?xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑,一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵,即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩個(gè)例子來說明注意內(nèi)涵的重要性:例1.ArecorderisusedtolearnEnglishinourclass.例2.HisspokenEnglishispoor.Heonlyspeaksawordofit.()Mr.Blackisthemanagerofthiscompany.He_____thiscompany.A)takeschargeof B)isresponsibleto C)isinthechargeof D)hasthedutyfrom在英語中,“他負(fù)責(zé)這家公司”有多種說法,如:1.Heisinchargeofthiscompany.2.Hisjobistobeinchargeofthiscompany.3.Thiscompanyisinthechargeofhim.4.Heisresponsibleforthiscompany.5.Hehasthedutyofthiscompany.6.Hetakeschargeofthiscompany.在這里要注意動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系,不要記錯(cuò)了。本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()10.Please_____thecitymapbeforeyougosightseeing.A)lookat B)havealook C)watch D)read在英語中,“看”在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的譯法。“l(fā)ookat”意為“粗略地看”;“havealook”意為“看一下”,其后不能跟賓語;“watch”意為“注視、仔細(xì)地看”,雖然可以跟“地圖”搭配,但是,它只是表示一種“看”的狀態(tài),沒有“查看路線”之意?!翱磿?、“看地圖”都要用動(dòng)詞“read”,意為“閱讀”、“查看”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()1.They_____anyfood.They’vegotplentyof_____forthepicnic.A)needn’t,it B)needn’t,them C)don’tneed,it D)don’tneed,them()2.Hisfavourite_____is_____ataxidriver.A)job,tobe B)job,/ C)work,tobe D)work,/()3.Whydoes_____like_____thisuniform?A)henot,wearing B)nothe,wearing C)henot,wear D)nothe,wear()4.Youcannotonlylearn_____makethedeliciousdrink,youcanalso_____it.A)to,eat B)to,eat C)howto,enjoy D)howto,enjoy()5.Haveyouall_____yourpensyet?A)prepared B)preparedfor C)preparation D)preparationfor()6.Dannypractises_____twice_____week.A)toswim,a B)toswim,every C)swimming,a D)swimming,every()7.Youmust_____tocatchfishherenearthepond.A)nottry B)trynot C)nottotry D)totrynot()8.Whenwe_____ontheair-conditionerinsummer,wefeelmorecomfortable.A)sit B)put C)turn D)open()9.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?A)myclosing B)myclose C)toclose D)forclose()10.Theteacherkeptthepupils______forfivehours.A)waiting B)towait C)towaiting D)waits()11.Mr.Green_____Chinaforsixyears.A)hasbeenin B)hasbeento C)hascometo D)hasgoneto()12.Theycouldhardlyunderstandwhattheengineersaid,______?A)couldn'tthey B)didn'tthey C)couldthey D)didthey()13.Tellhim_____afraidofdogs.A)notbe B)nottobe C)don'tbe D)won'tbe()14.Ifhe_____heretomorrow,pleasetellhimwhenhisuncle_____.A)willcome,comesB)comes,comesC)comes,willcomeD)willcome,willcome()15.Thepostageontheparcel_____mealotofmoney.A)took B)spend C)paid D)cost()16.Haveyou_____whotookawayyourkey?A)found B)foundoutC)lookedfor D)got()17.Parisisn'tthecapitalofBritain,isit?_____.A)Yes,itis B)No,itisn't C)Yes,itisn'tD)No,itis()18.Thebossmadetheworkers_____forhours.A)work B)toworkC)working D)works()19.Myhopeis_____anengineerin10years'time.A)become B)tobecomeC)becomingD)became()20.Wewillgotothefactorytoworkfor_____.A)sometimes B)sometime C)sometimes D)sometime()21.Whichsubjectdoyou_____,Englishormaths?A)likebest B)preferbest C)likemost D)prefer()22.Ifitistrue,it_____manyinterestingquestions.A)israised B)roseC)raisesD)rises()23.Pleaseyourhandsifyou’vegottheanswer.A)putupB)setupC)getupD)makeup()24.Bytheageoften,thelittlegirlherfirstcollectionofpoems.She’snowveryfamous.A)haspublishedB)hadpublishedC)publishedD)wouldpublish()25.Maryshould_____atonce.A)operateon B)beoperatedC)beoperatedonD)operate()26.Doyoumindmyusingyourdictionaryforawhile?_____.A)OfcoursenotB)Yes,pleaseC)Itdoesn'tmatterD)Yes,hereyouare()27.Where_____?Totheteachers'office.A)haveyougone B)hashegone C)ishegoingto D)haveyoubeento()28.Please_____makethesamemistakeagain,Tom.A)don’ttryto B)trydon’tto C)trytonot D)trynotto()29.Q:_____you_____Jimthismorning?A:Yes.I_____himjustnow.A)Have…seen,saw B)Did…see,sawC)Have…seen,haveseen D)Did…see,haveseen()30.Englishisthelanguage_____inAustralia,isn’tit?A)using B)used C)speaking D)isspoken()31.Whenyougoout,don’tforgettokeepthewindows_____.A)open B)opening C)opened D)toopen()32.We_____theladywasgoodatskiing.A)told B)wondered C)wereasked D)weretold()33.Sorry,I_____understandthebusinessletter.Becauseit_____writteninEnglish.A)don’t,is B)don’t,was C)didn’t,is D)didn’t,was()34.Someboyswereseen_____intothehospital.A)going B)entering C)taking D)tosend()35.He,withanotherpolicewoman,_____thestreetsinCityCentre.A)walkon B)walkaround C)walkson D)walksaround()36.Thesoupbowl_____._____it_____yesterday?A)wasbroken,Was…broken B)isbroken,Was…brokenC)wasbroken,Did…break D)isbroken,Has…broken()37.Unluckily,theywere_____withabigstormhalfway.A)caught B)comeacross C)met D)happened()38.HeispooratspokenEnglish.Hecan’teven_____awordofit.A)say B)talk C)speak D)tell()39.Jack_____beabsenttoday.Isawhimplayingintheplaygroundamomentago. A)mustn’t B)needn’t C)isn’tableto D)can’t()40.Youshouldgoon_____thetextuntilyou_____abletoreciteit.A)reading,are B)reading,were C)toread,willbe D)toread,were()41.Q:Mustwedoeyeexerciseseveryday,MissLiu?A:I’mafraid_____.A)youmustn’t B)youmust C)youneedn’t D)youcan’t()42.Wemay_____eachothersomewherebefore.A)meet B)met C)havemet D)tomeet()43.Hedoesn’tknow_____next.A)howtodo B)whattodoit C)whentodo D)wheretogo()44.Theladythinkssheistoofat,andsheisplanning_____now.A)tokeepfit B)reducehisweight C)togoonadiet D)stopherfromeating()45.Thehouseisonfire.Let’sgoand_____thefiretogether.A)putoff B)putout C)putdown D)putaway()46.It’s_____thesedays.You’dbetter_____yourgreatcoatbeforeyougoout. A)snowing,in B)snowy,wear C)snowing,haveon D)snowy,puton()47.Hisfamilyusedto_____inthepast.A)gohungry B)behungry C)goinghungry D)beinghungry()48.Neverforget_____“Excuseme”whenyoutroublesomeone. A)tospeak B)tosay C)speaking D)saying()49.Themusic_____sowonderfulthatIlikeditverymuch.A)looked B)heard C)listened D)sounded()50.Theflat_____himnearlyallhismoney.A)cost B)took C)spent D)paid()51.Youmay_____thebookforanotherweek.A)borrow B)lend C)keep D)hold()52.He_____gotoworkbybikebutnowhe_____takingabusA)isusedto,isusedto B)usedto,usedtoC)isusedto,usedto D)usedto,isusedto()53.Themusicisnice.Butit'stooloud.Please_____theradio.A

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