高中英語人教版（2019） 必修第二冊(cè) Unit 1 學(xué)案

SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures——限制性定語從句(3)定語從句是一種形容詞性從句，它是跟在一個(gè)名詞、代詞或句子后對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾限定的句子。因該從句在整個(gè)句子中作定語，故被稱作定語從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常只能放在被修飾的詞之后。一、定語從句的關(guān)系詞[合作探究]Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblemandcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.在聽取了研究這個(gè)問題的科學(xué)家和住在大壩附近的居民的意見后，政府于1959年向聯(lián)合國(guó)尋求幫助。Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.寺廟和其他文化遺址被一塊一塊地拆下來，然后搬到一個(gè)安全的不會(huì)遭受水患的地方重新組裝起來。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1]當(dāng)被定語從句修飾的先行詞指人且在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用who/that;__當(dāng)被定語從句修飾的先行詞指地點(diǎn)且在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)用關(guān)系詞where。二、關(guān)系詞的基本用法[合作探究]Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewhowillbecomeyourlifelongfriends.你可能有機(jī)會(huì)結(jié)識(shí)將成為你一生的朋友的新人。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonwhomshecouldturntoforhelp.在黑暗的街道上，沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。MsWangistheteacherwhosesonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.王女士就是那位兒子被北京大學(xué)錄取的老師。IcanwellremembertheaccidentthathappenedonarainySundayafternoon.我清楚地記得在一個(gè)下雨的星期天下午發(fā)生的那場(chǎng)事故。Ourclassisabigfamilywhichismadeupof28girlsand32boys.我們班是一個(gè)由28個(gè)女孩和32個(gè)男孩組成的大家庭。ThecompanywhosenameisHuaweiisbasedinGuangdongProvince,China.那個(gè)叫華為的公司總部在中國(guó)廣東省。Ialwaysmissthedayswhenwewereonthesummercamplastyear.我總是懷念去年我們參加夏令營(yíng)的日子。Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheysupplyusfreshair.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能為我們提供新鮮的空氣。Literatureistheplacewherethepastmeetsthepresenttothinkaboutthefuture.在文學(xué)作品里，過去與現(xiàn)實(shí)交匯，以思考未來。It’stimetorecallthosebeautifuldays(that/which)wespenttogether.是時(shí)候回憶我們一起度過的那些美好的日子了。Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.我們正在尋找這本書的主人。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2](1)定語從句關(guān)系詞的具體用法是：關(guān)系代詞句法功能指代作主語作賓語作定語人①who/that②whom/who/that③whose物④that/which⑤that/which⑥whose關(guān)系副詞句法功能指代作狀語時(shí)、地、因⑦when(時(shí))⑧where(地)⑨why(因)(2)當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在其后面的定語從句中作賓語或表語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞必須使用關(guān)系代詞。(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)，該關(guān)系詞多用關(guān)系代詞。三、定語從句中關(guān)系副詞與“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的轉(zhuǎn)化[合作探究]Istillrememberthedaywhen(＝onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。Thisisthehousewhere(＝inwhich)MoYanoncelived.這是莫言曾住過的房子。Thereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.他考試失敗的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayisafriendofmyfather.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)紳士是我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友。Thewomantowhomheismarriedisafamousactress.他要娶的是一位著名的女演員。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3](1)關(guān)系副詞when,where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句；而why引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“for__which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。(2)在使用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選擇要考慮以下三個(gè)方面：①介詞和定語從句中先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配；②介詞與定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配；③介詞與定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和先行詞同時(shí)搭配并符合句意邏輯。四、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略1.關(guān)系詞可以省略的幾種情況[合作探究]Ihavetakenwithmethetwobooks(that/which)youaskedmetoreturntotheCityLibrary.我把你要我送還給市圖書館的那兩本書帶走了。Hereistheman(whom)you’vebeenlookingfor.這就是你一直在找的那個(gè)人。Theway(that/inwhich)youlookattheproblemiswrong.你看待問題的方式是錯(cuò)誤的。Thereason(why/that)hewantedtosellhishousewasthatheneededalotofmoneyforhisoperation.他想賣掉房子的原因是他的手術(shù)需要很多錢。Thesecondtime(when)Isawhimwasin1980.我第二次見到他是在1980年。Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.這就是我們昨天見面的地方。Thisisthebook(which)IreadyesterdayandwhichIfoundveryinteresting.這就是我昨天讀的那本書，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有趣。Ourvillageisnottheone(that)itusedtobe.我們的村莊已不是過去那個(gè)樣子了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4](1)當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞通常省略。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是way,reason,time,place等且它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中分別作方式、原因、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，它們后面的定語從句的相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞that/in__which,__why,__when,__where等可以省略。(3)當(dāng)由and，but，or等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的定語從句修飾同一個(gè)先行詞時(shí)，第一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞可以省略，但第二個(gè)及以后的關(guān)系詞一般不可以省略。2.關(guān)系詞不可省略的幾種情況[合作探究]DoyouknowanyshopsnearbyinwhichIcanbuyflowers?你知道附近有賣花的商店嗎？That’stheheadmasterwithwhommyfatherwastalkingjustnow.那就是剛才和我父親談話的校長(zhǎng)。Mr.Green,whomyouknow，isthetallestinourschool.你認(rèn)識(shí)的格林先生是我們學(xué)校最高的。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5](1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞不能省略。(2)非限制性定語從句中，無論關(guān)系詞作何成分，都不能省略。[鞏固內(nèi)化1]選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞①Thescientistwho(who/whom)discoversacureforcancerwillbegreat.②Mr.Liuwantstotalktothestudentswhose(who/whose)homeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.③YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillagewhere(which/where)hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.④Istillrememberthenightwhen(when/that)Icametothestrangecity.⑤Wevisitedafactorythat(who/that)makestoysforchildren.[鞏固內(nèi)化2](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Thegirlwhoisplayingthepianoupstairsismyeldersister.②ThatisacountrywhosecultureisquitedifferentfromthatofChina.③Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouwerelateforthetrain.④Theman(whom/who/that)yousawyesterdayisadoctorfromBeijing.⑤Therearestars(that/which)westilldon’tknowinspace.⑥D(zhuǎn)oyoustillrememberthedayonwhichhejoinedthearmy?⑦Hehaslostthekeytothedeskwhere/in__whichthepapersarekept.⑧ThegirltowhomIlentmybikeworksinahospital.(2)補(bǔ)全或翻譯句子(用定語從句)①中秋節(jié)是一個(gè)全家團(tuán)圓、賞月和吃月餅的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。TheMid-autumnFestivalisatraditionalfestivalwhen__families__get__together__to__enjoy__the__moon__and__eat__moon__cakes.②誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。He__who__laughs__last__laughs__best.③我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。My__uncle__Li__Ming__is__going__to__the__city__where__you__live__to__attend__a__meeting.[鞏固內(nèi)化3](1)用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”填空①Thetoweron__whichpeoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.②Weliveinanagein__whicheveryonevaluestimeverymuch.③Guncontrolisasubjectabout__whichAmericansarguedforalongtime.④Iwantedtofindsomeonewith__whomIcoulddiscussbooksandmusic.⑤Thereasonfor__whichshediditisthatshewouldn’tletherparentsdisappointed.(2)翻譯句子(用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”)①我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我在農(nóng)村度過的我的孩童時(shí)代。I__will__never__forget__the__time__during__which__I__spent__my__childhood__in__the__countryside.②那個(gè)小女孩正在讀一本書，書中有很多圖畫。The__little__girl__is__reading__a__book__in__which__there__are__many__pictures.③這個(gè)就是我用來拍照的相機(jī)。This__is__the__camera__with__which__I__take__pictures.[鞏固內(nèi)化4]補(bǔ)全省略的關(guān)系詞①Idon’tknowtheexacttime(when)thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.②Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinais2008.③Thatwastheway(in__which/that)sheworkedtheproblemout.④Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher.⑤Ibelievethereason(that/which)Marygaveforherabsencefromtheschool.Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”填空1.Isawahousewhosewindowsarebroken.2.Idon’tlikecitiesthat/whichhavealotoffactories.3.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen/on__whichwefirstmetinapark.4.Thepersonwholosesthelibrarybookmustpayforit.5.Therunner(whom)youareaskingaboutisoverthere.6.Thefilm(that/which)theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.7.Sheistheengineerwhoseworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.8.Mycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparkswhere/in__whichanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.9.Idon’tknowtherea