構詞法課件高三英語二輪專題

構詞法

Morphology/WordFormation轉換法合成法截短法混合法首尾縮略法派生法英語構詞法如同漢語的偏旁部首推斷詞義記憶單詞擴充詞匯1轉換法

v

nadvadj

1轉換法通常詞形不變偶爾讀音變化recordn;recordv有些名詞變動詞，末尾要加e.breathn----breathev1轉換法名詞變動詞1handn----vWouldyoupleasehandmybook?2seatn----vt就座(beseated)

Heseatedhimselfinthechair.Hewasseatedinthechair.

1轉換法名詞變動詞3nursen----vnursehisparents/sb4oiln----v5timen----v定時、測時（timer定時器）1轉換法名詞變動詞6shown展示、秀

----vt表演、秀

realityshow;showsbaround7watern----vwatertheflowers

(n---vt后面直接加賓語)1轉換法

動詞變名詞1stopv----nbusstop/station2watchv----ntakeawatch/look3lookv----nanexcitedlook1轉換法

動詞變名詞4walkv----n行走，小路，人行道5lovev----npeaceandlove6actv行動，表現(xiàn)

----n行動，法案7guidev指導n指南、向導

guidesbtodosthvtouristguiden1轉換法動詞變名詞8tastev----n味道、品味、口味 tastegood

Youhaveagoodtaste.1轉換法

形容詞轉換為動詞（使動用法）1openadj開著的----v開放、打開

openthedoor2cleanadj清潔的----V打掃

cleantheclassroom3freeadj----vfreesb1轉換法形容詞轉換為動詞（使動用法）4slowadj----vslowdown/speedup5narrowadj----v anarrowescape Theselectionwasnarrowed.合成法兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成的詞叫合成詞（疊加猜詞義）合成名詞合成形容詞合成副詞合成動詞合成詞

合成名詞1名詞+名詞

workshop;spaceship;chairman;boyfriendgirlfriend;tearoom;headache;mankindpostcard;postcode;website;birthplace合成詞

合成名詞2形容詞+名詞

supermarket greenhouse wildlife sidewalk合成詞

合成名詞3動名詞+名詞(用途)

readingroom dining-room waitingroom writingdesk washingmachine boilingpoint合成詞

合成名詞動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別動名詞做定語指的是事物的性質、特征和用途，可以翻譯為：用來做。。?！，F(xiàn)在分詞做定語強調的是這個事物正在進行的動作asleepingbag/asleepingboy合成詞

合成名詞4

名詞+動名詞

handwriting sightseeing problem-solving合成詞

合成名詞5

動詞+名詞

playgroundtypewriter6動詞+副詞

breakdown;breakthrough;clean-updrawback;get-together合成詞

合成名詞合成詞

合成名詞合成詞

合成形容詞1n/adj/adv+現(xiàn)在分詞

energy-savinggood-lookingeasy-goingEnglish-speakinghard-workingoutstanding合成詞

合成形容詞2n/adj/adv+過去分詞

self-educatedman-madesunburntwell-knowntask-basedwidespreadoutspokenwell-behaved合成詞

合成形容詞3adj+n+ed

open-minded narrow-minded warm-hearted wide-eyed合成詞

合成形容詞4

其他

underground;worldwide;face-to-facehomesick;nationwide;offshorestraightforward;two-year-oldup-to-date;worthwhilefull-time;tax-free合成詞

合成副詞1

程度

maybesomewhat合成詞

合成副詞2

時間、頻度

forevernowadayssometimeswhenever合成詞

合成副詞3

方位

anywhere;somewhere;elsewhere;everywhere;nowhere;downstairsupstairs;downtown;indoors;outdoorswherever;sideways合成詞

合成副詞4

承接副詞

anyway;anyhow;however;meanwhile;otherwise;somehow;therefore;moreover;furthermore合成詞

合成動詞underlinebrainstormsleep-walkoverhearoverthrowwhite-washsafeguard（bodyguard）upset截短法

即單詞的縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變。有截頭，去尾，和截頭去尾三種

1截頭telephone---phoneairplane----plane截短法

即單詞的縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變。有截頭，去尾，和截頭去尾三種

2去尾mathematics---mathsexamination---examkilogram---kilolaboratory---lab截短法

即單詞的縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變。有截頭，去尾，和截頭去尾三種

2去尾mathematics---mathsexamination---examkilogram---kilolaboratory---lab截短法

即單詞的縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變。有截頭，去尾，和截頭去尾三種

3截頭去尾influenza---flurefridgerator---fridgeprescription---script混合法

即將兩個詞混合或者各取一部分緊縮而成的一個新詞。通常后半部分表示主體，前半部分表示屬性。

newsbroadcast---newscasttelevisionbroadcast---telecastsmokefog---smoghelicopterairport---heliport首尾縮略法

即用單詞首字母組成一個新詞

veryimportantpersonVIPmostvaluableplayerMVPtheUnitedStatesofAmericatheUSAtheUnitedKindomofGreatBritaintheUK派生法在一個單詞的前或后加上前綴或后綴構成一個新的單詞。通常前綴決定含義

undispre后綴決定詞性

lymentist派生法

前綴1否定前綴

un-unfair;uncover;unable;unpackunlike

im/in/ir/il-impossible;inexpensive;illegal;impatient派生法

前綴1否定前綴

mis-mistake;misunderstand;mistrust

dis-disable;discover;disadvantagediscourage;dishonest;disagree

non-non-stop;non-somking派生法前綴1否定前綴

anti-antiwar;antidrugs;anti-theft

派生法前綴2“空間位置”前綴

pre/pro-progress;pre-readingpre-war;previewprecedure

fore-forehead;forecast;forward派生法前綴2“空間位置”前綴

ex-

向外export;expose

in/im-

在內include;indoors;import

inter-interview;internet;international

intro-向內introduce

be-

靠近、變成beside;befriend派生法前綴2“空間位置”前綴

sur-

在。。上Surface

sub-

在下subway;sub-zero

out-outlook

trans-轉移translate;transplant;transformer

派生法前綴派生法前綴派生法前綴派生法前綴4“時間、程度”前綴

re-review;repeat;recall;returnpost-postwar;post-readingfore-foretell;forecast

ex-ex-wife;ex-president派生法前綴5“離開”前綴

a-awayde-depart;dewater;degrade;decreasese-separate派生法前綴派生法前綴7“使動”前綴

en-

enableenlargeencourageenrichendangerenjoy派生法后綴1名詞后綴表示人

er-speaker;employer;trainer;keeper;lawyer;foreigner;intervieweree-employee;examinee;trainee;payee;intervieweeor-actor;director;governor;professor;survivorconductor

派生法

后綴1名詞后綴表示人

eer-volunteer;engineer;ess-waitress;actress;hostessian-musician;politician;American;Australian;Indian;Egyptian

派生法

后綴1名詞后綴表示人

ese-Chinese;Japaneseist-artist;socialist;scientist;specialist;tourist

派生法后綴派生法后綴2名詞后綴表示抽象事物ship關系-mumbership;friendship;leadershiphood

關系-childhood;neighbourhood;brotherhood

ism-socialism;Marxismness-kindness;happiness;weakness;coldness;awareness派生法后綴2名詞后綴表示抽象事物age-

狀態(tài)package;marriage;storage;percentageure-結果failure;exposure;mixture;signature;pleasureprocedurey-狀態(tài)、傾向injury;difficulty;safety;discovery;necessity;responsibility;similarityadj:guilty;dusty;hilly;wealthy;sleepy;handy;worthy派生法后綴2名詞后綴表示抽象事物

ance/ence-appearance;difference;

dom-wisdom;freedom;boredom;kingdomth-strength;length;warmth;wealth;wideth;growth;派生法后綴2名詞后綴表示抽象事物ing-feeling;building;beginning;accounting;understanding;warningal-arrival;survivalful-armful;handful;mouthful派生法后綴派生法后綴3形容詞后綴ful-beautiful;wonderful;thankful;grateful;awfulcareful;helpful;useful;powerful;thoughtfulmerciful;forgetful;

less-useless;homeless;careless;helpless;worthless;countless;breathless;tirelesseffortless;

派生法后綴3形容詞后綴ous/ious-famous;humorous;curious;nervousserious;adventurous;delicious;obviousvariousic/ical-scientific;historical;classic;energeticalcoholic;dynamic;heroic

派生法后綴3形容詞后綴ary-extraordinary;revolutionary;documentoryimaginary;controdictoryexplanatory