Unit4NaturalDisastersWordsandExpressions課件高中英語人教版

Unit4

NATURALDISASTERS

WordsandExpressions

Natural

disasterstornadodroughtlandslidetsunamifloodVolcaniceruptiontyphoonhurricaneevacuatehelicoptercrackshelterinruinsbrickspipeelectricityvolcanometal?

[U]損害；損壞；損失

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamageto

[C][復(fù)數(shù)]

損害賠償金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■損害；損壞：(名詞動化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.側(cè)重“損”，可修復(fù)damagevtdestroyvt

消滅；殺死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.側(cè)重“毀”，無法修復(fù)destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破壞一棟建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)意味著毀掉這棟建筑

影響toinfluencesb/sth：(基本義）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被動語態(tài)]

使感動；打動：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemovedby

使感染(疾病)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.詞語辨析affect/effect

affect（動詞）=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影響某人/某事：Docellphonesaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名詞）=result,influence；作用；影響：

Docellphoneshaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響；（疾?。┣忠u；(感情上)深深打動【聯(lián)想詞】【常用搭配】_________n.喜愛;感情

_________n.作用;影響affectioneffectbegreatly/deeplyaffectedby被......深深打動;深受影響判斷下面句子中affect的含義1）Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingwereaffectedbyhisspeechyesterday._______2）Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit._________3）MillionsofpeopleintheworldhavebeenaffectedbyCOVID-19.________打動影響感染4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響；（疾?。┣忠u；(感情上)深深打動【即學(xué)即練】Deeply_________（affect)bythestoryofthegirlwhoseeyesight____________（affect）bythedisease,allthestudentsmovedintotears..affectedwasaffected5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）【用法】①n.遮蔽物，庇護(hù)處，收容所，居所undertheshelterof在……的庇護(hù)下take/findshelterfrom躲避...②vt.保護(hù)，掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）sheltersb./sth.(from...)保護(hù)/庇護(hù)某人/某物（免受...）shelterfrom....躲避...5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）1）It’ssohot,andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelter_________thesun.2）Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto__________________________（保護(hù)他們的孩子免受)everykindofdanger,realorimagined..【即學(xué)即練】fromsheltertheirchildrenfrom6.asif/?z?f/=asthough似乎；好像；仿佛【用法】與過去相反使用過去完成時與將來相反would/could/might+動詞原形與現(xiàn)在相反使用一般過去時(be--were)“被雨水毀了的頭發(fā)”，用哪個詞呢？Therainruinedmyhair.頭發(fā)還在，只是“美好的發(fā)型”被毀了?！?/p>

ruin:tohaveabadeffectonsomethingsothatitisnolongerattractive,enjoyable,usefuletc.糟蹋Thewholeparkisspoiledbylitter.Idon’twanttospoilyourfun.2(完全地)毀壞

Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.3使破產(chǎn)

Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n?

[U]毀滅；破產(chǎn)：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C]廢墟；遺跡；殘余：theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成廢墟；嚴(yán)重受損：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.下面這些音譯詞你都知道嗎？guitar吉他Cola可樂

chocolate

巧克力party

派對

salad

沙拉

shark鯊魚

ballet芭蕾舞

marathon

馬拉松

cool酷的

有些英語詞匯，漢語中沒有與之對應(yīng)的詞，翻譯時會借用中文諧音來翻譯，這一類詞被稱之為“音譯詞”。音譯詞的翻譯不僅表意精確，同時也準(zhǔn)確地還原了英文的發(fā)音。shock也被翻譯成了“休克”。shockshock

n

[C]&[U](爆炸、地震等引起的)劇烈震動；沖擊：theshockwaveTheshockoftheearthquakewasfeltmilesaway.

[C]

電擊；觸電(electricshock)：Don’ttouchthatwireoryou’llgetashock.

[U]&[C][常用單數(shù)](精神上的)

震驚；打擊；令人震驚的事Momhasn’tgottenovertheshockofDad’sdeath.It

cameasashock

tohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.

[U]休克：Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.shockvt（名詞動化）使震驚；使氣憤tomakesbfeelvery

surprised

andupset:Thenewsoftheschoolshootingshockedtheworld.cultureshock文化沖擊詞匯拓展?shockedadj震驚的；憤慨的ashockedlook/expression

Theyweredeeplyshockedat/byherbehaviour.?shockingadj令人震驚的；令人憎惡的

shockingnews【常用搭配】trap/tr?p/vt.(trapped;trapped)n./C/險(xiǎn)境；陷阱

vt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套驚set/lay/placeatrapfallinto/getoutofatrapbetrappedin...=becaughtin...=bestuckin...被困在...trapsb.intodoingsth.誘使某人做某事1)Ididn’tgettoschoolontimebecauseI__________________（被困在）theheavyrain.2)ThemantrappedTom________tellingthetruth.3)Aftertheearthquake,manypeople_________________(trap)intheruins.Fortunately,thesoldierssooncametotheirrescue.【即學(xué)即練】wastrappedinintoweretrapped【常用搭配】bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬；安葬【拓展延伸】bury...in...把......埋到......里buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedin....=buryoneselfin.....專心致志于“專心于，致力于”的多種表達(dá)：belostin=beabsorbedin=devote/applyoneselfto=bedevotedto=concentrateon=focuson【即學(xué)即練】bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬；安葬buryingthemselvesinburiedburiedhisfaceinhishandsburiedhimselfinthebookBuryinghimselfinthebookBuriedinthebookeffort

[U]&[C]thephysicalormentalactivityneededtoachievesomething

氣力，精力，努力Sheputshertimeandeffortintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’swellworththeeffort.With(an)effortshemanagedtostopherselflaughing.Greghasgoneonadietinanefforttolosesomeweight.What’sthepointofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?Let’sstartrightnowandsparenoefforttoprotectocean.littlebiteveryminute!14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦【聯(lián)想詞】__________n.苦難；痛苦

_________

n.患病者；受苦者sufferingsufferersufferfromsth受…疾病的折磨sufferpain/defeat/loss/hardship遭受痛苦/失敗/損失/苦難【常用搭配】【即學(xué)即練】14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受；蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦1）She_______________(suffer)severedepressionafterlosingherjob.2）Hewastedhisyouth,andnowheis_______________(suffer)it.3）He________(suffer)amassiveheartattack.4）Thisexperiencecausedhimmuchmental_________(suffer).sufferedfromsufferingforsufferingsufferedcalmadj.

tostopfeelingupset,angryorexcited側(cè)重notnervous,“不緊張”17.wave[we?v]n.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.揮手;招手n.巨浪

hugewave(s)向某人揮手告別

wavedsb.goodbye/wavedgoodbyetosb.

一波……;一陣……

Awaveofsth.

一陣恐懼

Awaveoffear練：The

thatwerecrashingontherockssweptawayeverythingonthem.撞擊巖石的海浪把上面的一切都卷走了。waveswavedgoodbyetomymotherI

,withtearswellingupinmyeyes.我熱淚盈眶,向媽媽揮手告別。趁熱打鐵strikewhiletheironishot

strike

vt

[正式用語]打；撞擊:Theshipstruckarock.Theboyfell,strikinghisheadontheedgeofthetable.

vi&vt

(時鐘等)敲響；報(bào)(時)：Thechurchclockbegantostriketwelve.

vi&vt(不幸等)突然降臨；突然襲擊：Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods.Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.2011廣東改Hestruckamatchandlitanothercigar.strike

(struck,struck/stricken)v

vt

[不用于進(jìn)行時](使)突然想到/意識到Thesolutionstruckmeimmediately.itstrikessb+that從句：Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.

vt

給……以某種印象Wewerestruckbyherkindness.strikesbas(being)…:Hestrikesmeas(being)averyseriousperson.

vi

罷工：Thebusdriverswerestrikingformoremoney.strikeabalance兩者兼顧；達(dá)到平衡：■n[C]&[U]罷工：Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.strikeadeal達(dá)成協(xié)議strikefear/terrorintosb’sheart使某人感到害怕/恐懼Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.?stricken

adj

[正式用語]

受災(zāi)的；患病的；受苦的：earthquake-strickenareas拓展?

striker

n

[C]罷工者；(足球的)前鋒；(棒球的)擊球手?striking

adj驚人的；顯著的；引人注目的

【聯(lián)想詞】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表__________n.

遞送；分娩deliverydeliversth.to...把某物投遞/傳送/運(yùn)送到......deliveramessage傳話deliverababy（接）生

deliveralecture/speech發(fā)表演講【常用搭配】【即學(xué)即練】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表deliveraspeechdelivereddeliverydeliverydeliver【聯(lián)想詞】22.effect/??fekt/n.影響；結(jié)果；效果【常用搭配】__________adj.有效的，實(shí)際的

_________

adv.有效地，實(shí)際上effectiveeffectively22.effect/??fekt/n.影響；結(jié)果；效果【即學(xué)即練】1)ThenumberofforeignerslearningChinesehasbeengrowinginrecentyears,indicatingthatChinahasagreatereffect_______theworld.2)就我而言，每天熬夜一定會對你的健康造成很大的影響?！鶤sfarasI’mconcerned,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto_____________________greatly.(affect)→Inmyview,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto______________________________________.(effect)onhaveagreateffectonyourhealthaffectyourhealth謝謝觀賞隨堂檢測一、從方框中選擇合適的單詞填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin1.Thebadweather__________________(毀了我們的旅行).2.Toomuchpackagingis______________________________(對……造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞)theenvironment.(2010山東)

3.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelievedto___________________(被毀掉)inafirein2009.(2011湖北完成句子)二、根據(jù)所給漢語提示完成下列句子。

doing/causingseriousdamageto

havebeendestroyed

ruinedourtrip一、根據(jù)句意選出affect的最佳釋義。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.

影響

[常用于被動語態(tài)]使感動；打動

使感染(疾病)

affect,effect二、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。(affect,effect)1.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno____________.2.WhenIwas50,myweightproblembeganto____________meseriously.（2017天津改）effectaffect一、寫出下列句子中shock的漢語釋義。1.ItwassuchashockwhentheyannouncedthewinnerwasCart.____________2.Theshockwavewasfelteveninmyplane,severalmilesawayfromtheharbor.

____________二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theywillget____________shockwhentheygetthisbill.2.Theparentswere____________(shock)bythenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.(2013

重慶)3.The____________(shock)newsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011

北京)ashocked

shocking

震驚shock

沖擊波一、根據(jù)所給漢語，用帶有effort的詞塊完成下列句子。1.Kimis__________________________（努力）loseweight.2.Thelocalclubsare__________________________（盡一切努力）interestmoreyoungpeople.3.Parentsarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenand__________________________（不遺余力）topave（鋪路）thewayfortheirsuccess.（2013福建）4.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’s__________________________（很值得一游）.二、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。我努力在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜。(makeaneffort)

____________________________________________________________

Imadeanefforttokeepcalminanemergency.effort

wellworththeeffort

sparenoeffort

makinganeffortto

makingeveryeffortto下降；變差受到嚴(yán)重燙傷出現(xiàn)背部問題suffer二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1.________________________________________(無論我遭受什么失敗)inmylife,anironedshirttellsmeIamgoodatsomething.(2014湖南)2.AlthoughRosemaryhad__________________________________(身患重疾)foryears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasm(熱情)forlife.(2013陜西)3.Musicisanimportantwayweexpress_________________(人類的苦難),celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.(2009北京)Whatever/NomatterwhatfailuresIsuffersuffered(from)aseriousillness/diseasehumansuffering一、寫出下列句子中survive的漢語釋義。__________1.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.(2014

廣東閱讀)__________2.Onlyonecopyofthebookstillsurvives.__________3.Lifeishardatthemoment,butwe’resurviving.幸存于保存下來挺過來；熬過來；艱難度過survive二、用survive的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor________________ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇)quickly.(2017北京閱讀)2.Officialssaidhewastheonly________________oftheplanecrash.3.Heistheonlymanwho________________aftertheexplosion(爆炸).三、根據(jù)所給提示，用survive完成句子。1.Thefrontpassengerswereluckyto__________________________(在車禍中幸免于難).2.Having__________________________(熬過那一夜),wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(2014

湖北完形)

survival/surviving

survivor

survived

survivethecaraccident

survivedthatnight一、根據(jù)所給漢語提示完成下列句子。remains/keeps/stayscalmThecalm/stillseathecalmbeforethestormcalmdowncalmthemselvesdowncalm1.Evenwhenshefacesdisasterslikeearthquake,shestillkeeps______.2.Thepolicetriedtogetsomeinformationfromtheman,butheremained______.3.Attention,please.Everybody!Pleases