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U1WishyouwerehereGrammarandusagetourism旅游業(yè)Readthepassage(P6)andfillinthetablebelowAdvantagesDisadvantagesConclusionPara._____________Para._____________Para._____________12-34Disadvantages(not)abedofroses(并非)輕松的境況/令人愉快的情況ConclusionWhatshouldwepayattentiontowhentraveling?Beresponsibletouristsandreducethenegativeimpact!引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞:關(guān)系代詞:關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why等who,whom,whose,which,that等定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)概念關(guān)系詞的功能:
1)連接主句與從句
2)指代先行詞3)在從句中充當(dāng)成分Theman
wholivesnexttousisapoliceman._______先行詞___關(guān)系詞___________
定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu):
先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子1.先看先行詞2,再看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。解決定語(yǔ)從句的思維二、關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,which,that,whose)的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞(where,when)的指代關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指原因指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用√√時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)介詞+whichwhere
(=at/in/···which)when(=at/on/in/during/···which)why(=forwhich)原因狀語(yǔ)√1.Theman_________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.
3.Ilikethepersonto_________youjusttalked.4.Istillremembertheday
Ifirstcamehere.5.Thefactory
hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
6.Thatisthereason
Ididthejob.who/thatwhosewhomRevisionwhenwherewhyNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Belowisanarticleabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftourism.Findthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxofpartAonpage6.Theseindustries,inturn,givejobstothelocalpopulation,whosewelfaredependsontourism.Step
2
ExploringtherulesThepricesoftouristessentialssuchastransport,accommodationandfoodusuallyincreasetoo,whichbringsevenmorewealthtothesurroundingcommunity.Morenature-centredtouristattractions,wheremanandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyimpactedorevendestroyedbythefloodoftourists.Asresourcesareusedmorerapidlythantheycanbesustained,wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.Localfestivalsandcustoms,whichmayhavedeepmeaninginaparticularculture,cansimplybecomeentertainmentfortourists.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成:+,+關(guān)系詞先行詞Shehastwobrothers,(whoareworkinginthecity).+其他部分(1)StPetersburg,_______isaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.(2)YesterdayImetLiPing,_____seemedtobeverybusy.(3)HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,_____WorldWarⅠbrokeout.(4)Singapore,______Ihavelivedfortenyears,isadynamiccountrywithmanyaskyscaper.(5)TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,______shewillopenthenewhospitalthere.
同限制性定語(yǔ)從句一樣,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可由關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),但從句中的關(guān)系詞不可省略,關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。whichwhowhenwherewhen(1)Beijing,______isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.(2)ThisisNewYork,______Ihavevisitedforseveraltimes.(3)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,______greatlyupsetsme.(4)Hewaslateagain,______madetheteacherveryunhappy.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,其先行詞可以是主句中的某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ),也可以是整個(gè)句子;which在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等,不可省略。whichwhichwhichwhich在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,whom、which前面可以加some/several/afew/many/more/mostof等修飾詞,表示整體中的部分或所有。Ihavemanyfriends,_________________areexperts.我有許多朋友,其中一些是專家。Ihavebeentomanybigcities,__________haveleftadeepimpressiononme.我去過很多大城市,所有的都給我留下來(lái)深刻的印象。someofwhomallofwhich注意:“名詞+介詞of+關(guān)系代詞”有時(shí)可以用“whose+名詞”或“of+關(guān)系代詞+名詞”替換。
whose+n.(人/物)=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.那幢樓房曾經(jīng)被整修過,但在一場(chǎng)大火中,樓頂又被燒毀了。Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,_______________wasdestroyedagaininabigfire.Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,_______________wasdestroyedagaininabigfire.Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,_________wasdestroyedagaininabigfire.theroofofwhichofwhichtheroofwhoseroof(1)Thecar,________Ipaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.(2)Isuggestyougotoaspecialist,__________youcangetanswerstomostofyourquestions.(3)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,________shecouldturnforhelp.(4)Inthischapter,oneofourproblemsistodiscovertheprinciples_________thesetestsarebased.
介詞+關(guān)系代詞也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,但在這種定語(yǔ)從句中,介詞通常前置,關(guān)系代詞也不可省略。(指物:which;指人:whom)forwhichfromwhomonwhichtowhom注意事項(xiàng):關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定(1).依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,
IspentallmymoneythatIsaved.(2).依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)進(jìn)行。I’llneverforgetthetime
Ispentmychildhoodinthecountry.(3).根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。Thecolorlessgas
wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.onwhichduringwhichwithoutwhichas引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),先行詞可以是整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分。as引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。as是關(guān)系詞中唯一可以置于句首的關(guān)系詞。
1.AsisknowntotheUnitedStates,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.美國(guó)人都知道,馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。2.Heisabsorbedinwork,asheoftenwas.他正在全神貫注地工作,他過去經(jīng)常這樣。3.Asweallknow,theearthisround.眾所周知,地球是圓的。4.Taiwanis,
asyouknow,
aninseparablepartofChina.你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。1.固定句型:Thesame…..as;such….as;so…as…;as…as…Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Iwanttobuysuchabookasyouhave.HeisnotsuchapersonasIexpected.2.當(dāng)先行詞為整個(gè)句子時(shí),常譯為“正如”、“正像”Asweallknow眾所周知Asisknowntoall眾所周知Asissaidabove,…..如上所述Asisoftenthecase,….情況常常如此Asisreportedinthenewspaper,…..正如報(bào)紙報(bào)道的那樣1.TaiwanbelongstoChina,
isknown.2.Sheisapatient,
isshowninherwork.3.
theauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnoraahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.4.Myeldersisterhasbecomeadoctor,
Iwantedtobe.5.Thebook,
Iboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting.6.Heisnotthesameman____hewas.
asAsas/whichwhichwhichDifference
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中間或放在主句末尾;而
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后面。as指人指物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhose√√√√√√which√√√Attention非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物,不能用that關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句的作用where
when
forwhich
why
不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,forwhich代替why表地點(diǎn)的詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間的詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)reason√非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中介詞后的關(guān)系代詞指代人只能用whom,指代物只能用which不能用其他。“非限定”使用說(shuō)明書1.從句中所有的關(guān)系詞都______省略2.從句不能用_______引導(dǎo)3.在“非限定”中,指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),________________,不能用who替換,也不能省略。4.從句_____________引導(dǎo),要用_____________
代替why5.從句置于句首時(shí),不能用_______引導(dǎo);而用____引導(dǎo)(as可放主句前,中,也可放主句后)Conclusion不可that只能用賓格whom不能用whyforwhichwhichas限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上________逗號(hào)________逗號(hào)意義上去掉后句意_____去掉后句意_____作用上修飾限制可修飾_________補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用可修飾___________翻譯時(shí)譯為...的可譯為并列句關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)可以省略可用that可用who代替whom不可省略不可用that,why(forwhich)引導(dǎo)不用who代替whom不完整不用用完整先行詞或主句先行詞Distinctionrestrictiverelativeclausesnon-restrictiverelativeclause1.Isawtheguywhodelivers
mymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedto
swim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhose
daughtergoestoHarvard.1.Paris,
whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesame
ageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismy
favoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.Howrestrictiverelativeclauses
differfromnon-restrictiverelativeclauses?若去掉,句子含義不明確whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉,不影響句子含義無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句隔開有逗號(hào)與主句隔開1.Thefactory_______________theyvisitedlastyearwasdestroyed.2.Thestudentsarethankfultotheteacher________hastaughtthemfor3years.3.Istillrememberthedays_______________Ispentinthecollege.4.Heistheman________nameisTom.PracticemakesPerfect四部曲:1.劃分主從句2.圈先行詞3.先行詞帶入從句that/which/省who/thatthat/which/省whoseStep
4
DetailrulesMyeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.2.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsfor
greatinventions.3.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,_________wasbothwidelyreviewed
andhighlypraised,strengthenedDickensstatusasaleadingnovelist.4.Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell—educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.whosethatwhichwhomStep
4
Detailrules5.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.6.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasons________thisproblemcouldnotbesolved.7.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.8.Imadefriendsw
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