2023學年完整公開課版不定式3

Infinitive動詞不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主語(subject)2賓語(object)3表語(predicative)4定語(attribute)5狀語(adverbial)6賓補(objectcomplement)肯定式：to+

動詞原形否定式：notto+

動詞原形(to是不定式符號，無意義，有時可以不帶)動詞不定式的結構

不定式之前的to與介詞to不同。介詞to之后要跟名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的短語作賓語；而不定式to之后必須跟動詞原形。介詞to:to+名詞/代詞/動名詞不定式to:to+動詞原形作主語Tohearyourvoiceissonice.（這時可將其用形式主語it來替換）Tostudyhardisveryimportant.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.Itisveryimportanttostudyhard.不定式作主語時，通常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面。注意:1、Itis+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

for:adj.多為描述不定式行為的特征（important/necessary/interesting等.）of:adj.多為

描述主語的品質特征（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）

作主語Itiseasy_______hertolearnEnglishwell.Itisclever________youtosolvetheproblem.offor2、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主語我每天花去三個小時完成家庭作業(yè)。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.3、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.

ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主語4、用在諺語中

Toseeistobelieve.Tosayiseasy,buttodoishard.作主語1、Itisnecessary______ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless______metobreakthecup.

（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_________thistable.(buy)4、Itismypleasure_________theboxforyou.(carry)tobuyforoftocarry練習5、輪到我們打掃教室了。

Itisourturn_________________________6、Towastetimeistoshortenlife.（翻譯成中文）

tocleantheclassroom.浪費時間就是縮短生命。練習1、動詞+todosth.常用動詞有：want/wish/like/wouldlike/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise等

1、Ihopetofinishittomorrow.2、Sheplanstogoandteachinthecountry.作賓語2、動詞＋疑問詞+todo

Idon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.

作賓語

2、她不能決定買哪本書。

1、我不知道接下來該做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.3.動詞need,want,require作“需要”之意時，其后跟動詞作它的賓語時，必須用動名詞的主動形式，或不定式的被動式。這時，動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。（主語不能做后面所說之事)

Mycarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.4.有些短語后既可跟動名詞也可跟不定式。forget,stop,goon,mean,regret,remember,try,can’thelp等。Pleaseremember_______(hand)inyourhomeworktomorrow.Heremembered______(lock)thedoor.Hewasnotworried.Heforgot_____(tell)methenews.SoIdidn’tknow.Heforgot_______(tell)methenews.Hetoldmeagain.tohandlockingtotelltellingWhenhesawme,hestopped______(say)hellotome.Whenhesawhismother,thebabystopped______(cry).Itwasraininghard,buthewenton________(work)inthefields.Hewenton_______(do)anotherexperiment.tosaycryingworkingtodotoimproveeatingtocleancarrycryingHetried___________(improve)hisappearanceinordertogetapartinthefilm.Hetried_______(eat)lesstoloseweightafterhefailedbyrunningfivekilometersaday.Shecan’thelp_________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.Ican’thelp______(carry)theboxforyou,asI’mtootired.Ican’thelp______(cry).作賓語補足語：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsbtodo wishsbtodo

getsbtodo ordersbtodo

findsbtobe likesbtodo

wouldlikesbtodo helpsbtodo動詞多為感官動詞、使役動詞。使役動詞(let,have,make)后邊賓補時，省去to,但是在被動語態(tài)中要還原to。一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,lookatJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被動：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto2、動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式巧記省略to的不定式一感二聽三使讓，四看注意半幫助，主動不能有to字，變成被動詞回原位。（一感：feel二聽：hear，listento三（使）讓：make，let，have四看：see，lookat，watch，observe半幫助：help可帶可不帶。）

1、Lethim_______theworkatonce.(finish/tofinish)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen_________theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_________hereontime.(come/tocome)finishtalktoentertocome練習1、主語+be+todosth

主語多為

duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等

名詞

1、Myambitionistobeasinger.2、Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.作表語我的夢想是成為一名歌手。他的工作是每天清掃教室。2、諺語中1、Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.2、Toseeistobelieve.Ihavealotofworktodo.Iwanttofindsomethingtodrink.作定語不定式為不及物動詞時后面應有必要的介詞。I’mlookingforahotel_________.A.stayB.stayatC.tostayD.tostayatD位置：不定式做定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后,可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Hehasn’tgotahousetolive_____.Ihavenopenstowrite_______.in

with1、原因狀語:

主語+be+

adj.(表情感)+todosth.

(happy/gladangry/sorry/sad/afraid等)I’msorrytohearthat.作狀語I’mgladtoseeyou.

作狀語

表示原因

不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.作狀語2.表示目的:toinordertosoasto3.結果狀語:

so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo

1Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.作狀語不定式與疑問詞連用常用動詞有:askknowlearnteachtellunderstand等。疑問詞who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可構成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvice.Hisdreamistotravelallovertheworld.

Lucyneedsafriendtoplaywith.Hewasthelastguesttoarrive.It’sinterestingtoreadasciencefiction.下列不定式作何種成分？（表語）（表語）（定語）（定語）常常表示將來的動作（主語）Hewasgladtoseeyou.

Myfatherofferedtobuyacomputerforme.

HeintervieweddetectiveKentogetsomeinformation.

Thedoctoraskedhimtohavemorefruitandvegetables.（狀語）（賓語）（狀語）（賓語補足語）下列不定式作何種成分？動詞不定式可以充當的句子成分1、作主語2、作賓語3、作賓語補足語4、作表語5、作定語6、作狀語1、習慣于beusedto_______

被用于beusedto_______Waterisusedto_____(put)outfires.Iamuse