英語(yǔ)人教版必修3學(xué)案unit5LearningaboutLanguage

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。Unit5ThemeparksLearningaboutLanguage語(yǔ)法精講·探究學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法觀察上面的對(duì)話(huà),并填空:上面對(duì)話(huà)中的單詞headmaster是將兩個(gè)單詞合并在一起,形成一個(gè)新的單詞。這種構(gòu)詞法被稱(chēng)為合成法。英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種:合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和派生法。一、合成法合成詞是由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成的詞。最常見(jiàn)的合成詞為合成名詞、合成形容詞,還有合成副詞、合成動(dòng)詞、合成代詞等。合成詞一般直接連寫(xiě)在一起,也有的合成詞之間用連字符“-”,還有的由分開(kāi)的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成。1.合成名詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞名詞+名詞headmaster校長(zhǎng)名詞+動(dòng)名詞ship-building造船(業(yè))名詞+動(dòng)詞+er(or)painkiller止痛藥形容詞+名詞highway公路動(dòng)詞+副詞get-together聚會(huì),聯(lián)歡會(huì)副詞+動(dòng)詞output產(chǎn)量;upkeep保養(yǎng),維修介詞(副詞)+名詞upland高地,山地分詞+副詞grown-up成年人名詞+介詞looker-on旁觀者動(dòng)詞+介詞go-between中間人,媒人名詞+介詞+名詞son-in-law女婿合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的注意事項(xiàng)(1)由“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語(yǔ))”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),把前面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。*father-in-law→fathers-in-law(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只變中心名詞,修飾名詞不變。*agirlfriend→girlfriends2.合成形容詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞形容詞+名詞+edwarm-hearted熱心腸的cold-blooded冷血的形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking好看的easy-going容易相處的形容詞+過(guò)去分詞new-born新生的ready-made現(xiàn)成的副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的peace-loving愛(ài)好和平的副詞+過(guò)去分詞well-known聞名的名詞+過(guò)去分詞man-made人造的heart-felt由衷的數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞twelve-year-old十二歲的five-meter-long五米長(zhǎng)的3.合成副詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞介詞+名詞underfoot在腳下beforehand事先副詞+名詞upstairs在樓上;downstairs在樓下副詞+副詞however無(wú)論如何,然而,可是代詞+副詞anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容詞+副詞nowhere沒(méi)有地方代詞+名詞someday(今后)有一天someway以某種方式副詞+介詞nearby附近4.合成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞+動(dòng)詞overthrow推翻;overcome克服名詞+動(dòng)詞typewrite打字;sleepwalk夢(mèng)游形容詞+動(dòng)詞broadcast廣播;whitewash粉刷5.合成代詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞代詞賓格+-selfitself它自身物主代詞+-selfmyself我自己形容詞+名詞anything任何東西something某物,某事6.合成介詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞+名詞inside在……里面介詞+副詞within在……之內(nèi);without沒(méi)有副詞+介詞into進(jìn)入(1)寫(xiě)出黑體單詞的詞性和詞義。①Aftersunsetthesceneofthechildrenplayinginthegardendisappeared. (n.日落)②Iwanttoexpressourheartfeltcongratulationstoyouonyourseventeenthbirthday. (adj.衷心的)③Weranhotfoottofindoutthenews. (adv.匆忙地)④Weovercomeoneproblemafteranother. (vt.克服(2)將下列句中的合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。①I(mǎi)hadneverbeenmorejoyfulformydaughter-in-law. (daughters-in-law)②Thenewsemester,atallmanteacherbecamethenewteacher. (menteachers)③HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent. (Englishmen)二、轉(zhuǎn)化法一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性。轉(zhuǎn)化詞例詞動(dòng)詞→名詞walkv.行走→walkn.散步swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳名詞↓動(dòng)詞表示物體的bookn.書(shū)→bookv.預(yù)訂shipn.船→shipv.用船運(yùn)輸表示人體部位的handn.手→handv.遞交headn.頭→headv.朝……方向表示一類(lèi)人的nursen.護(hù)士→nursev.護(hù)理fooln.傻子→foolv.愚弄表示自然現(xiàn)象的rainn.雨→rainv.下雨snown.雪→snowv.下雪形容詞→動(dòng)詞dryadj.干的→dryv.使變干cleanadj.干凈的→cleanv.把……擦干凈副詞→動(dòng)詞outadv.出來(lái)→outv.揭露形容詞→名詞whiteadj.白色的→whiten.白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen.本地人特殊轉(zhuǎn)化mustmodalv.必須→mustn.必須做的事寫(xiě)出下列句中加黑單詞的詞性和詞義。(1)Heisamanwithapowerfulbuild. (n.體格)(2)Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshippedfromonecountrytoanother. (vt.用船運(yùn)輸)(3)Thetrainsloweddown. (vi.減緩)(4)They’rerunninginthefinal.(n.決賽)(5)Youshouldbedressedinblack. (vt.穿衣)三、派生法即在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原來(lái)單詞意思相近或截然相反的單詞。除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意思,不改變?cè)~性;后綴一般改變單詞的詞性,并不引起詞義的變化。1.前綴構(gòu)詞法前綴含義例詞dis-不dissatisfy使不滿(mǎn)意;dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的un-不unable不能夠;unlucky不幸的做相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服;unload卸貨in-im-ir-il-不,非inactive不活躍的;incorrect不正確的;impolite沒(méi)有禮貌的;impossible不可能的;irregular不規(guī)則的;illogical不合邏輯的non-不,非non-existent不存在的;non-stop不停的mis-錯(cuò)誤的;壞的misunderstand誤解;misfortune厄運(yùn)re-重復(fù),再rewrite重寫(xiě);remarry再婚;retell復(fù)述en-使enable使能夠;enrich使豐富super-在上面;超級(jí)superstar巨星;supermodel超級(jí)模特;supermarket超市under-在……之下underground地下的;underestimate低估inter-相互;之間international國(guó)際的;interact相互作用pre-預(yù)先,在……之前predict預(yù)告;preview預(yù)習(xí)2.后綴構(gòu)詞法后綴含義例詞-ence/-ance構(gòu)成抽象名詞evidence證據(jù);importance重要性;significance重要性;dependence依靠-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation動(dòng)作;狀態(tài)suspicion懷疑;explosion爆炸;repetition重復(fù);organization組織-er/-or人或物cooker炊具;writer作家;operator操作員;actor男演員;tractor拖拉機(jī)-ism主義;……教socialism社會(huì)主義;capitalism資本主義-ist……主義者;……家scientist科學(xué)家;dentist牙醫(yī)-ment行為,結(jié)果,狀態(tài),性質(zhì)movement運(yùn)動(dòng);achievement成就;government政府;equipment設(shè)備;development發(fā)展-ship關(guān)系,身份seamanship航海術(shù);friendship友誼;citizenship公民身份-hood身份,性質(zhì),時(shí)代adulthood成年;childhood童年;neighbourhood某街區(qū)的居民-ty狀態(tài),性質(zhì)honesty誠(chéng)實(shí);difficulty困難;anxiety焦慮-ure結(jié)果,行為,狀態(tài),實(shí)物pleasure高興;picture圖畫(huà);pressure壓力-al動(dòng)作過(guò)程,結(jié)果approval同意;arrival到達(dá),到達(dá)者形容詞后綴-able/ibleenjoyable愉快的;horrible可怕的-ishfoolish愚蠢的;childish孩子氣的-fulhopeful有希望的;careful仔細(xì)的-lesshopeless無(wú)希望的;useless無(wú)用的-lyfriendly友好的;motherly母親般的-yrainy下雨的;dusty布滿(mǎn)灰塵的-antimportant重要的;pleasant愉快的-edexcited感到興奮的;tired疲勞的-inginteresting令人感興趣的副詞后綴-lyhappily快樂(lè)地;bravely勇敢地-ward/-wardsnorthward朝北;forwards向前動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。(1)(2020·浙江高考)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn’tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear’spunishment(punish).(2)(2020·浙江高考)Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpression(impress)growingoutofthetheme.(3)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection(direct).(4)(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting(interest),relaxed(relax)andcomfortable(comfort).

(5)(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.(6)Thesuccessful(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoaccompanyhimandobserve.(7)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolarestartingtogetridofthem.(8)It’snotreallysurprising(surprise)thatreadingbecamehervocation.(9)Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasafoggy(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.(10)Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly(blind).(11)Thenaughtyboyenteredtheclassroomcautiously(caution),fearingthathisteacherwouldblamehim.(12)Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop,shesensedsomethingunusual(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?(13)Whatyousaidsoundedreasonable(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.(14)Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom(free)bravely.課時(shí)檢測(cè)·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成單詞,并完成句子Model:part+time=part-timeAwaterbroadwarmdownunderBcastcoveredlineheartedload1.Themessagewasbroadcastallovertheworldviaradio.2.Aswecansee,theearthisahuge,water-coveredglobe.3.Idonotunderlinemyoptimism,butitjustisso.4.Heisawarm-heartedman,sowealllikehim.5.UserscandownloadtheirmaterialtoadesktopPCbackintheoffice.Model:dis+appear→disappearAdisunimmisilBadvantagepoliteluckylegalunderstand6.AsmyselfIlikelivingincitythoughIknowthedisadvantageoflivingincity.7.Youcertainlywereunluckytogetthathorribleillness.8.Itwasimpolitethatyoutalkedsoloudintherestaurant.9.Theyhavesimplymisunderstoodwhatrockandrollis.10.Hehasbeenchargedwithmembershipofanillegalorganization.Ⅱ.猜測(cè)下面黑體單詞的詞義1.IalwaysshoponSaturdays. (購(gòu)物)2.Canyougivememorebackgroundonthecompany? (背景)3.Lilywantedtotakeacareerbreakinordertohavechildren. (休息)4.Pleaseinformusofyourarrivaltimebeforehand. (事先,提前)5.Itseemsreasonabletoexpectrapidurbangrowth. (合乎情理的)6.Iamveryuncomfortablelyingonthishard,coldfloor. (不舒服的)7.Thecollegehasannounceditsintentiontoenlargeitsstadium. (擴(kuò)建)8.Peopleoftenhaveincorrectinformationaboutfood. (不正確的)9.HeworksinhisgreenhouseonSundays. (溫室)10.Beanon-smokerandavoidsecond-handsmoke. (不吸煙者)語(yǔ)法填空Withthedevelopment(develop)ofglobalization,thepopularity(popular)oftheInternet,theincreaseofinterna