高一英語(yǔ)(牛津譯林版)定語(yǔ)從句

文采資料PAGE第4頁(yè)共10頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句一、基本概念1．定語(yǔ)從句：在一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中修飾某一個(gè)名詞、代詞或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。換句話說，定語(yǔ)從句就是用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)的句子。2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。先行詞前一般用the，但在指“一個(gè)”概念時(shí)可用a,an。3．關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞：連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，根據(jù)其在從句中作用分為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。若先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；若先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4．定語(yǔ)從句的位置：一般緊跟在先行詞后面。但有時(shí)因句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞被某些成分隔開。5．引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為二類：關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why二、基本用法1．關(guān)系代詞的基本用法（見下表）：關(guān)系代詞從句中作用例句who指人作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（可省略）1．Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish.(who/that指人，修飾先行詞thegirl，在從句中作主語(yǔ))2．Heistheboywhom/who/thatImetyesterday.(whom/who/that指人，修飾先行詞theboy在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，whom/who/that可省略。)whom指人作賓語(yǔ)（可省略）whose指人、物作定語(yǔ)3．Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer.（whose作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾人）4．Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.（whose作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾物，whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows）which指物作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（可省略）6．Thisisthebookwhich/thatIlostyesterday.(which/that指物，作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)7．Theclockisaninstrumentwhich/thatcantelltime.（which/that指物，作主語(yǔ)）8．Doyouknowthewomanthat/wholivesnextdoor?(that/who指人，作主語(yǔ))that指人、物作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（可省略）as指物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)可修飾整個(gè)主句9．ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.(as指物，在從句中作賓語(yǔ))10．Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.(as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容)2．使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：a.在以下幾種情況下只使用that不用which。1.先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.Itoldhimall(that)Iknow.2.Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.2.先行詞被all,every,any,thevery,theonly,thejust等修飾時(shí)。1.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.2.Thesecondplace(that)IwanttovisitisShanghai.4.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。1.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)werememberintheschool.2.Thepeopleandtheanimalsthatwerekilledintheearthquakehaveallbeenfound.5.在Who,Which引起的疑問句中。1.Whoistheboythathelpedyou?2.Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?6.若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用which引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)須用that引導(dǎo)。Heboughtabookwhichcouldgivehimknowledgeandthatcouldhelptokillthetime.7.當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.b.在以下幾種情況下只使用which不用that。1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.(which作賓語(yǔ)，指代主句中的pen)NewconceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.(which作主語(yǔ)，指代整個(gè)主句)2.若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是which，另一個(gè)須用that。Thebook(that)heboughtyesterdaywastheone(which)helikedbest.3.先行詞在句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞前置時(shí)。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.c.當(dāng)先行詞為指人的關(guān)系代詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只用who不用that。1.先行詞為all,anyone,one/ones,those,people時(shí)，須用who。1.Anyonewhoknowshowtodoitcandoitnow.2.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmpleaseputupyourhands.3.He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.2.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，須用who。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.3.在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中，須用who。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.4.在以therebe開頭的句子中，多用who。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.5.若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)須用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatstudiesveryhard.Ihavefoundthefactorywherehestayedlastweek.Thedaysthat/whichIspentthereareunforgettable.ThedayswhenIstayedthereareunforgettable.Thereasonthat/whichhetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.說明:當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管先行詞是時(shí)間名詞,地點(diǎn)名詞或表示原因的名詞,我們?nèi)匀皇褂藐P(guān)系代詞that,which。這主要根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。注意：1．當(dāng)用作關(guān)系副詞，若修飾表示的名詞time，day，moment，way時(shí)，用that代替when/why等。如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.4．由介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞一般由定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞而定。Heistheboywhom/who/thatwearetalkingabout=Heistheboyaboutwhomwearetalking.Thepenwhich/thatIwrotethearticlewithisgone.=ThepenwithwhichIwrotethearticle.幾種特殊的情況：a.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常?？梢蕴鎿Q成“介詞+which/whom的形式”：when=in/on/atwhich,where=in/on/at+which,why=forwhichb.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.如：whosefather=thefatherofwhom=ofwhomthefatherwhosewindow=thewindowofwhich=ofwhichthewindowc.由介詞短語(yǔ)+whom/which引起的定語(yǔ)從句 Thisisourclassroom,infrontofwhichthereisagarden.Thebuildingatthebackofwhichisalakeisourchemistrylabbuilding.Helivesonamountainontopofwhichthereisatemple.d.數(shù)詞/代詞+介詞+which/whom引起的定語(yǔ)從句Ihavesomebooks,oneofwhichisinEnglish.Shehasmanyfriends,allofwhomareinthesameclass.(比較：Shehasmanyfriends.Allofthemareinthesameclass.)但有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不能提前，因?yàn)槠涠陶Z(yǔ)拆開后完全改變了原來(lái)的意思。 Thisisthebookthat/whichI’mlookingfor Therearemanypatientsthatthenurseslookafter.5．what在其引導(dǎo)的從句中作定語(yǔ)What在它所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)外，還可作定語(yǔ)。如：Don’tworry.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIcan.別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)近我所能幫你。=anyhelpthat或asmuchhelpasWhat在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可于few，little連用修飾名詞，表示“盡管不多，但已經(jīng)全部”。如：IwilllendyouwhatfewbooksIcanspare.我愿把為數(shù)不多的書全部借給你。=allthefewbooksthatWecontributedwhatlittlemoneywehadtowardstheflood-strickenarea.=allthelittlemoneythat【小試牛刀】IV．用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why填空1.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______youwereborn?2.Idon’trememberthedate_______myfatherwereborn.3.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse________thegreatwriterusedtolive.4.Doyouknowthereason________hekilledhimself?5.Hewasbornintheyear__________theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.6.Healwayswantstogotohishometownandvisitedtheplace_________hegrewup.

7.Kunmingisabeautifulcity________flowersareseenalltheyearround.8.Thechildrentodayareluckyastheyarelivinginatime________ourcountryisopentotheoutsideworld.9.Pleasetellmethereason________heisangry.10.Thiskindofprogrammewillbewellreceivedinthecountries_________manyChineseareliving.【答案】1.where2.when3.where4.why5.when6.where7.where8.when9.why10.whereV．翻譯下面句子1．我已經(jīng)找到了我朋友居住的那間房子了。2．你記得你媽媽出生的日期嗎？3．請(qǐng)告訴我你買到那塊手表的地方。4．我不喜歡他的原因是他太笨了。5．上海是個(gè)大城市，在那里你可以見到許多外國(guó)人。【答案】1.Ihavefoundtheroomwheremyfriendsoncelived.2.Doyoustillrememberthedatewhenyourmotherwasborn?3.Pleasetellmetheplacewhereyouboughtthewatch.4.ThereasonwhyIdon’tlikehimisthatheistoostupid.5.Shanghaiisabigcity,whereyoucanseemanyforeigners.VI．用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.Thefirstlesson___________theoldprofessortaughtwasnoteasilyforgotten.2.Mr.Whitetoldhiswifethepersonsandthings__________hesawinChina.3.Whoisthegirl___________shookhandswithourheadmaster?4.Thereport__________theyarelisteningtoisveryimportant.5.Doyouknowthereason__________hedidn’tcometoschoollastweek?6.Didyouunderstandthelastreport__________wasmadebytheforeigner?7.Wouldyoupleaselendmethesamebook___________hehasborrowed?8.Pleasetellusthedays__________wearegoingtohaveourexams.9.Thefactory__________makesbikeswasbuiltin1930.10.Hetoldmeeverything__________hehadseenintheaccident.11.Thecampwasfullofpeople__________homeshadbeendestroyed.12.Tomisthestudentwith____________Iwanttohaveatalk.13.Doyourememberthevillage__________weworkedlastsummer?14.Doyourememberthevillage__________wevisitedlastsummer?15.Doyourememberthedays_________wespenttogetherlastsummer?【答案】1.(that) 2.(that) 3.that 4.(that/which) 5.why 6.which/that7.as 8.when 9.which/that 10.(that) 11.whose 12.whom13.where 14.(that/which) 15.(that/which) 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】I.不定項(xiàng)選擇1.Theoldlady_____ishisgrandmother. A.youtalked B.thatyoutalkedabout C.youtalkedtoher D.youtalkedto2.Aman______JackwenttoQingdaoforaholidayyesterday. A.who’snameis B.whohisnameis C.whosenameis D.hisnameis3.Helivesinaroom______doorisbroken. A.whose B.which C.its D.that4.Wevisitedthefactory_____makestoysforchildren. A.where B.which C.inwhich D.that5.Thefilm_____lastnightwaswonderful.A.whichwesaw B.thatwesaw C.whichwasshown D.thatwasshown6.I’llneverforgettheplace_____Ivisitedtenyearsago. A.where B.that C.inwhich D.what7.Sep.18,1995isaday_____we’llneverforget.A.when B.inwhich C.that D.forwhich8.Thegirl____youmetjustnowisveryinteresting.A.which B.that C.whom D.who9.Thefactory____youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1930.A.who B.which C.that D.whom10.Thereisamountain____topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.ofwhich B.whose C.it’s D.its11.Thecarranoveraboyandadog_____werejustcrossingthestreet.A.who B.whom C.that D.which12.Thelessons_____werenoteasilyforgotten.A.whichhetaught B.whichweretaught C.thatweretaught D.thathetaught13.Thestudent_____isathree-goodstudent.A.whoseparentsdied B.whoyoumetC.whomyoumet D.whoweweretalkingabout14.Iwanttogoandthankthewoman______helpedme.A.who B.that C.which D.whoseson15.Theman____wasafriendofmine. A.thatyoujusttalkedto B.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohim D.whichyoujusttalkedtohim【答案】1.BD2.C3.A4.BD 5.ABCD6.B7.C8.BCD9.BC10.B11.C12.ABCD13.ABCD14.ABD15.AV．各地模擬題匯編1.ThisisMr.White,________Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.(海淀4月卷) A.which B.whom C.that D.who2.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,________peoplebegantoenjoytheadvantagesofthistechnology.(東城5月卷) A.and B.when C.which D.because3.I’dliketolivesomewhere_________thesunshinesallyearlong.(西城5月卷) A.which B.that C.where D.inwhich4.InWasdalethereisamysteriousdarklake,_________depthhasneverbeenmeasured.A.that B.where C.which D.whose (海淀5月卷)5.Isittheyears__________youworkedinthefactory_________haveagreateffectonyourliteraryworks? (湖北八校一模卷) A.that;where B.that;that C.when;where D.when;that6.Hewon’twanttoeatitunlesshe’sreallyhungry,in_______casehe’lleatalmostanything. A.what B.that C.whose D.which(蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模卷)7.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations_______Englishisused.(黃岡卷) A.when B.that C.how D.where8.EuropehasachievedmoreincontrollingtheAIDSvirusthanAsiainthepasttenyears,_______thenumberofpeopleinfectedwiththevirusisgoingupsharply.(南京二模卷) A.when B.that C.sothat D.where9.Thesoldierssoonreached_______wasonceanoldtemple_____thevillagesusedasaschool.(汕頭卷) A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where10.Thisisanunpleasantsubject_________wemightargueforalongwhile.(廣州二模卷) A.inwhich B.withthem C.aboutwhich D.withit11.Afterall,withthehelpofmycomputerbrain_________neverforgetsanything,IQis_________I’mallabout.(湖北宜昌三模卷) A.that;what B.what;what C.what;that D.that;where12.Itwasthethirdnight________wewerestayinginourseasidebut________thetsunami(海嘯)struckthewholevillage.(蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模卷) A.when;when B.when;what C.what;that D.that;that13.Iusuallyenjoythesedinners,unlessIhavetomakespeech,in_________caseIworrythroughthemeal.(煙臺(tái)三模卷) A.that B.this C.which D.any14.Thesmallmountainvillage___________wespentourholidaylastmonthliesin_______isnowpartofHubei.(湖北八校二模卷) A.which;where B.where;what C.that;which D.when;which15.Thepresidentstoodbyawindowinsidetheroom,__________,lookingoverthesquare. A.whereIentered B.intowhichIentered C.whichIentered D.thatIentered(成都三模卷)16.BarbarawenttotheStatesacoupleofyearsago,by_________timeshehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.(福建卷) A.which B.that C.what D.whose17.Thegirl______everybodyhadthoughtwouldwinagoldmedalfailedatlast.(東北四市卷) A.who B.whom C.what D./18.Societyisabu